South America: natural fibres production Natural Fibres Symposium FAO October 2008 Roberto C. Cardellino Joaquín Mueller
World Consumption of Major Textile Fibres
WOOL - the ultimate, versatile lifestyle fibre Natural Environmentally friendly Bio degradable
Key Facts(KSA Evian 2004) Wool has lost visibility in the shops Main features and benefits ignored by the consumers Lack of communication with the market More promotion and motivation aimed at retailers and consumers is needed.
Wool Production in South América
South America: Geography
SOUTH AMERICA: Sheep Producing areas
SANTA INÊS
Sheep Population and Wool Production in South America Country N sheep (mill) Wool Production (mkg, greasy) Type of Wool Prod. System Argentina 14,6 65,0 fine medium commercial/ smallholders Uruguay 10,4 41,0 medium fine commercial Chile 3,9 11,2 medium commercial Brazil 3,5 10,5 medium commercial Perú 14,7 12,0 coarse medium smallholders Bolivia 9,0 4,0 coarse smallholders Total 56,1 143,7
Two Well Defined Socio-Economic Regions 1.- SMALL HOLDER PRODUCTION SYSTEMS.- Low Input Low productivity Subsistance economies Criollo breed and Non-defined crosses Sheep + Camelids + Goats
Two Well Defined Socio-Economic Regions Main Areas: BOLIVIA: Altiplano (3 4.5 mt altitude) Sierra Region (Andes) Native communities PERU: Sierra Region (Andes) 43% very small producers 32% peasant communities ARGENTINA: NW Region 12% of total Subsistance livestock systems
Perú: Geographic regions Coast Highlands Tropical forest
Bolivia: Geographic regions
Argentina
Argentina
Argentina Criollos Catamarca
Criollos Sgo del Estero
Two Well Defined Socio-Economic Regions 2.- COMMERCIAL PRODUCTION SYSTEMS.- ARGENTINA: Patagonia, Mesopotamia, Buenos Aires (88%) 50.000 sheep growers Wool exports: 230 U$S mill URUGUAY: 38.000 growers in mixed farms with beef cattle Dual purpose sheep breeds Wool exports: 240 U$S mill
Two Well Defined Socio-Economic Regions 2.- COMMERCIAL PRODUCTION SYSTEMS.- BRAZIL: Mixed farms with beef cattle Southern Region; 40.000 farmers Dual purpose sheep breeds Wool exports: 25 U$S mill CHILE: 65.000 farmers in total Patagonian region (60% of total) Medium to large farmers Dual purpose sheep breeds Wool exports: 15 U$S mill
Argentina Distribution of sheep by zones and productive systems 11.9 % 14.5% 10.2 % Mesopotamia: mixed systems beef and sheep. Dual purpose sheep breeds: corriedale, polwarth, romney Buenos Aires Province: beef cattle breeding, mixed livestock/cropping systems. Dual purpose sheep breeds; corriedale, romney, lincoln 63.4 % Patagonia: extensive sheep production systems, specialized in wool. Breeds: merino, corriedale, cormo, corino North West: smallholders, selfconsumption systems. Criollo breed and crosses Source: SAGPyA, Departamento Ovinos y Lana, 2002
Argentina
Argentina
Estancia Cóndor, Santa Cruz
Geography of Uruguay
Sheep Production in Uruguay
Regional distribution of sheep in Chile 60 In % 56,7 50 40 30 20 10 0 7,1 8,1 7,8 0,3 0,3 0,1 2,2 4,1 4,0 4,5 0,8 0,6 I II III IV V RM VI VII VIII IX X XI XII Regions of Chile Source: INE, 2007
Sheep Production in Chile (Patagonia)
Sheep Breeds Predominance of Dual Purpose breeds Corriedale 60% 26 32 μ Merino 20% 18 23 μ Polwarth 10% 22 25 μ Others: 10% 22,5 30 μ
Wool Production by Fineness in South America. (mkg greasy) Country Fine < 24,5 Medium 24,6 32,5 Coarse/Criollo > 32,5 Total Argentina 40,3 22,7 2,0 65,0 Uruguay 12,0 27,0 2,0 41,0 Chile 0,2 10,8 0,2 11,2 Brazil 1,0 8,5 1 10,5 Perú 5,0 7 12,0 Bolivia 4 4,0 Total 53,5 74,0 16,2 143,7
Wool Production by Fineness in South America. (mkg greasy) 11% 37% 52% Fine <24,5 Medium 24,6 32,5 Coarse/Criollo > 32,5
Fibres from South American camelids
ALPACA (Vicugna Pacos) PERU/BOLIVIA: Altiplano Baby alpaca: 22 microns Alpaca fleece: 26 microns Very soft, warmth, natural colours Main use: apparel clothing for men Small holders (<50 an.) or farmer communities
LLAMA (Lama Glama) BOLIVIA/PERU Altiplano multipurpose animals : meat, power, fibers Llama fiber: 33 microns Wide range of natural colours Main use: clothing, hand crafts Small holders and communities
VICUÑA (Vicugna Vicugna) PERU: Altiplano Undercoat fibers: valuable and special Diameter: 10-15 microns but very short Capture/Shearing/releasing Protection of the trade
GUANACO (Lama Guanicoe) ARGENTINA/CHILE: Patagonia Fibres: 16-22 microns Wide range of colours
MOHAIR Angora goats ARGENTINA (NW of Patagonia) Fibre: young animals 24 microns Adult animals >29 microns Uniformity of colour: white
Approximate main distribution area of South American camelids and fiber producing goats Source: J.Mueller,2008
Special animal fiber production in South America Fiber Animal Type Main producer Farmers Number of animals Production (kg) Alpaca Alpacas Domestic Peru 159,928 3,503,774 4,055,595 Llama Llamas Domestic Bolivia 74,302 4,080,596 3,342,866 Mohair Angora goats Domestic Argentina 4,500 550,000 825,000 Vicuña Vicuñas Wild Peru 100 a 319,547 5,580 Guanaco Guanacos Wild Argentina 15 a 577,697 1,500 Cashmere Native goats Domestic Argentina 70 700,000 200 a Management units Source: J.Mueller,2008
Quechua girl with a LLama
Vicuña in the altiplano: Perú
Vicuña in the altiplano of Perú
Domestic herd of Alpacas
Domesticated herd of Guanacos
Herd of Llamas in Atacama desert, Chile
Alpaca in the altiplane of Bolivia
Llama in Pachu-Pichu, Perú
Multipurpose Llama: transport
Llama: The guardian of sheep merino flocks (AUS)
The Importance of Animal Fibres in South America ALPACA 2,7% MOHAIR 0,5% LLAMA 2,2% VICUÑA 0,004% GUANACO 0,001% Production in kgs Wool 143.700.000 Alpaca 4.055.595 Llama 3.342.866 WOOL 94,6% Mohair Vicuña Guanaco 825.000 5.580 1.500
Production of natural fibres in South America FINAL CONSIDERATIONS Great socio-economic implications >500.000 farmers/peasants involved Majority small holders, subsistence farmers High volume of exports: >600 mill U$S Important source of labour: Farm labour Shearers Transport Manufacturing: 14 combing plants Exporting
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Wool production in the World Countries in the Southern Hemisphere Grazing systems Zones with climate: NO in hot and very humid Hot Temperate Cold Dry +++ +++ ++ Wet + ++ + Very wet --- -- --