CLASSICAL KIDS An Activity Guide to Life in Ancient Greece and Rome LAURIE CARLSON (HKUGO REVIEW PRESS
CONTENTS Time Line THE ACE OF GREECE Map of Ancient Greece Sparta Athens Epic Poetry Dress Up Greek Chiton Peplos Himation Shoes Hair Hats Creek Beauty Birthstones Stone Pendant Eating Greek Asparagus Spinach Triangles Mini Pizzas Baked Fish in Crape Leaves Roasted Chicken Sesame Circles Creek Slaves The Arts Creek Theater Aesop's Fables 1 3 5 6 6 9 II 12 13 "4 "5 16 17 18 "9 20 21 23 24 26 28 29 30 32 35 36 38 The Dog and the Meat The Boy Who Cried Wolf Make a Mask Pandora's Box Sculpt a Statue What a Relief! Paper Mosaic Seed and Bean Mosaic Coaster Pottery Learning Reading and Writing Clay Tablet Numbers Are Everything! Triangular Numbers Sieve of Eratosthenes Magic Square Platonic Bodies Magic Pentacle Make a Globe Night and Day Make a Constellarium Planetary Model Solar System Mobile The Secret of the Moving Coin Specific Gravity Spinning and Weaving Spin Some Cotton Make and Use a Drop Spindle 38 38 40 41 43 44 46 48 49 51 52 54 56 57 58 59 60 66 67 69 71 72 73 75 76 79 80 81
Weave a Round Mat String Art String an Angle String a Circle Seven Wonders of the World Simple Pulley Olympiad The Beginning of the End THE ACE OF ROME Map of Ancient Rome Dress Up Roman Toga Stola Palla Makeup Make Sandals Beaded Bracelet Earrings Disappearing Eggshell Bath Time! Bath Oil Dinner Roman Style Artichokes Bean Salad Crustulum Olive Rolls Cinnamon Raisin Rolls Bread in a Bag Roman Army Make a Standard Papier-Mache Roman Army Helmet Make a Catapult 84 86 86 88 90 92 94 96 97 99 101 102 104 105 106 107 110 III 112 113 114 115 118 120 121 122 123 125 127 128 130 132 Slingshot Papier-Mache Elephant Keep a Secret: Ciphers Slaves Counting and Measuring Coins Make Coins Coin Rubbings Roman Calendar Roman Numerals Abacus How Far Was That? Make a Hodometer How Do You Measure Up? Home Sweet Home It's All Downhill Build an Aqueduct Roman Merchant Ship Model Weave a Mini Basket Weave a Maximus Basket Wreaths or Crowns? Wax Tablets Crayon Engraving Games Micatio Odd or Even Jacks Dice Trigon Making Latin Small Talk Give a Reading Volcano Alert! Build a Volcano The End Bibliography Index 133 134 136 138 139 140 140 141 143 144 146 148 150 >53 "55 "57 160 161 "63 165 166 168 169 170 171 172 173 174 175 "77 "79 181 183 85
TIME LINE 1
t THE AGE OF GREECE A ncient Greece was an area but never one nation. The people lived in citystates that were independent and were often at war with each other. Although they were sometimes competitive, all the city-states shared the same language and customs. Because of the rugged land, most people settled in river valleys or along the coast. In time the population grew too large for the food supply, so Greek city-states began to set up colonies in other places. Greeks sailed around the Mediterranean Sea in search of locations for new settlements. A landless Greek could go to a colony and become a landowner. Others just wanted to go for the adventure. The colonists took a sacred flame from the hearth of the city-state. When the new colony was built and secure, it broke ties with the city-state. Two city-states became the most important and powerful, Sparta and Athens. They were both homes to Greek citizens who spoke the same language, worshipped the same gods, and were located only one hundred miles apart. Yet life was very different in these two city-state. B
MAP OF ANCIENT 6REECE 5
SPARTA People in Sparta wanted order and stability. Nearly every part of life was controlled by the law, and the city-state was ruled by kings. Most Spartan citizens didn't work; they lived off the proceeds from the public lands worked by slaves and noncitizens. At about age six, children were sent to live in training barracks. Boys learned military arts and virtues like discipline, obedience, toughness, and endurance. Girls learned things they needed to know to run a home and take care of a family when they grew up. Girls also spent a lot of energy on sports and athletics. Spartans wanted girls to be strong so they would bear strong children. When boys reached the age of twenty they entered the army. They could marry, but they couldn't go live with their wives and families until age thirty. At thirty they earned the right to vote in the assembly. They served in the Spartan army until about age sixty. Spartans ate simple foods: black broth and mush. They wore simple, plain clothing, unless going into battle, when they wore a scarlet tunic and a polished bronze helmet. Spartans were forbidden to work in stores or trade and couldn't make crafts or art because they needed to spend their efforts keeping fit and strong. No other army ever entered Spartan territory. They were the best soldiers anywhere. ATHENS The citizens of Athens enjoyed freedom and liked change and creative living. They didn't work much either, having slaves do everything. Athens received profits from silver mines outside the city, so few citizens had to worry about money. Citizens were paid to serve on court juries or hold elected office. Athenians loved going to the theater to see plays and pageants. The government paid admission for the poor so everyone could attend. Athens had an army, but it was nothing like the Spartan army. Athens also had a big navy, with more than two hundred ships. Citizens were paid to be in the navy, too. Citizens of Athens voted for their government officials. Aristotle was an Athenian who
thought that the system of voting in a democracy could become just like having a king, lie said that politicians would flatter and make promises to the voters just like the members of a royal court did to a king. Then, once in office, they would serve their own interests instead of the country's. He thought laws provided a more fair system of government than election by a majority vote. Athens had a system of laws, but the citizens voted, too. They cast their votes on pieces of broken pottery. Sometimes they voted to send a politician away for several years; however, he could come back later and run for office again. Athens was a democracy but only for free male citizens. Women couldn't vote, own property, or become citizens. They had to spend nearly all of their time inside their homes; men even did the shopping. Only people born to parents who were citizens could become citizens. At age eighteen, boys applied to become citizens of Athens. If there was doubt whether a boy was freeborn, a panel of five judges determined whether he could become a citizen or not. If it appeared he had no right to become a citizen, the city sold him into slavery. When a boy was approved as a citizen, he went into the army and learned to fight, march, and drill. At the end of the second year the soldiers were sent out to patrol the country and live at guard posts. During the two years in the military they received a cloak but no pay. Fortunately, they didn't have to pay taxes during the two years. Citizens of Athens were elected to many *j jobs. There was a treasurer of military funds, treasurers of the theater fund (all poor citizens could apply to the fund to receive money to pay for theater performances), and a superintendent of the water supply. They were elected to their positions for a term that lasted from one Panatheriaea Festival to the next. The elections were held in July of each year. In Athens there was a law that citizens who owned little property and who were physically disabled and couldn't work would receive money for their support from the public funds. Of course there were other important citystates besides Sparta and Athens. Each was a Q