DRAFT ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT FOR THE MODIFICATION OF SPECIAL USE AIRSPACE FORT BLISS, TEXAS AND NEW MEXICO

DRAFT ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT FOR THE MODIFICATION OF SPECIAL USE AIRSPACE FORT BLISS, TEXAS AND NEW MEXICO Prepared for: FORT BLISS Prepared by: Directorate of Public Works Environmental Division, Fort Bliss February 0

0 0 0 DRAFT FINDING OF NO SIGNIFICANT IMPACT MODIFICATION OF SPECIAL USE AIRSPACE FORT BLISS, TEXAS AND NEW MEXICO.0 DESCRIPTION OF THE PROPOSED ACTION AND ALTERNATIVES Proposed Action: Fort Bliss Military Reservation proposes to modify Special Use Airspace (SUA) over the South Training Areas and some adjacent lands in order to separate military and civilian aircraft operating in those areas. The Proposed Action would: designate SUA (restricted airspace) in the South Training Areas and Training Areas and in the McGregor Range from the surface to a ceiling of,00 feet above ground level (AGL) (approximately,00 feet mean sea level [MSL]), including a triangular area over private land extending east of the South Training Areas and south of the Terrain Flying Area; correct restricted airspace coordinates currently in effect for R-0A airspace to extend that airspace south to the Texas/New Mexico state line and the edge of Fort Bliss property, as originally intended. Alternative Actions: One alternative action was evaluated as follows: Alternative This alternative would extend SUA over the South Training Areas and McGregor Range Training Areas and as described for the Proposed Action, but the area over private lands east of the South Training Areas would not be included in the SUA. The R-0A restricted airspace would also be extended. No Action: Under the No Action Alternative, no modification of airspace or designation of SUA would occur, and helicopter and Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS) training missions would continue as they are currently. Low-level air operations in the South Training Areas would continue to have conflicts with, and pose a danger to, civilian air traffic..0 SUMMARY OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCES AND IMPACTS Implementation of the Proposed Action would have essentially no impacts on any resource except for national airspace and air traffic safety. The impacts on air traffic and airspace would be insignificant, because the SUA proposed as restricted is not normally used by civilian aircraft, and the restriction of civilian flight in that airspace would not cause unusual air traffic congestion

0 0 and would not hamper the ability of civilian aircraft to transit the area en route to or from El Paso International Airport or to other areas away from El Paso. The cumulative impacts from the construction of training facilities and support infrastructure have been addressed in the Fort Bliss, Texas and New Mexico Mission and Master Plan Final Supplemental Programmatic Environmental Impact Statement for which a Record of Decision (ROD) was signed 0 April 00 and the Fort Bliss Army Growth and Force Structure Realignment Final Environmental Impact Statement for which a ROD was signed June 00. The Environmental Assessment (EA) for this action is tiered to these documents. The Proposed Action would not materially change the analysis in these documents. When the SUA is implemented, Range Management Operations Airspace Scheduling, which coordinates with the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), would ensure that airspace conflicts do not occur between military aircraft operations or between military and civilian aircraft. The Proposed Action would increase safety in the training areas by providing positive separation between military and civilian aircraft during training missions. It would also increase safety for civilian aircraft by preventing overflights by civilian aircraft of danger areas, such as drop zones, shoot houses, live fire activities, terrain flying operations, and munitions loading areas..0 CONCLUSION Based on the analysis of the Proposed Action and the design, construction, operation, and safety measures presented in the EA, I conclude that the impacts of the Proposed Action will not significantly affect the human or natural environment of Fort Bliss or the surrounding area. I further conclude that implementation of the Proposed Action will not constitute a major Federal action requiring the preparation of an Environmental Impact Statement, pursuant to the National Environmental Policy Act of (Public Law -0). Therefore a Finding of No Significant Impact (FNSI) is warranted. DRAFT Joseph A. Simonelli, Jr. Colonel, U.S., Army Commanding Date

0 0 0 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT FOR THE MODIFICATION OF SPECIAL USE AIRSPACE FORT BLISS, TEXAS AND NEW MEXICO Proposed Action Fort Bliss Military Reservation proposes to change airspace over the South Training Areas and McGregor Range Training Areas and from Class G to Special Use Airspace (SUA) to restrict flights in the area to military aircraft only from the surface to,00 feet above ground level (AGL), including an area of private and state lands east of the South Training Areas and south of the Terrain Flying Area in the Hueco Mountains. The new SUA would be adjacent to existing Class C and Class E airspace for El Paso International Airport. The existing Restricted Airspace R-0A would be extended south to the Texas/New Mexico state line to align with the edge of Fort Bliss property. Purpose The purpose of the Proposed Action is to accommodate new training requirements and increased air traffic associated with the establishment of a Combat Aviation Brigade (CAB) at Fort Bliss in 0, as well as other aviation units, and to increase air traffic safety over live-fire areas, drop zones, shoot houses, munitions loading areas, and terrain flying areas in the South Training Areas and McGregor Range Training Areas and. This Environmental Assessment (EA) was prepared in accordance with the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) of, the President s Council on Environmental Quality Regulations for the implementation of NEPA, and Army regulation\federal regulation codified in Code of Federal Regulation (CFR) et seq. Alternatives The Proposed Action, the No Action Alternative, and one action alternative were carried forward for analysis during the preparation of the EA. The No Action Alternative would not establish new SUA over the South Training Areas and McGregor range training areas, and increased training associated with the CAB stand-up scheduled for 0 would be more difficult and expensive. Also, existing and future safety concerns for civilian aircraft in the training area would remain. Alternative would be similar to the Proposed Action, but would not include

0 SUA over private and state land east of the South Training Areas and south of the Terrain Flying Area. Environmental Consequences The Proposed Action would not change land use for any property on Fort Bliss or any property outside of Fort Bliss. Fort Bliss property underlying the proposed SUA is currently used for military training, and the property outside of Fort Bliss consists of rugged, mountainous terrain in the Hueco Mountains utilized for cattle grazing. The Proposed Action would primarily modify airspace within the current boundaries of Fort Bliss to restrict civilian aviation traffic in areas not previously restricted. The SUA (restricted airspace) proposed would provide safety improvements for civilian and military aviation in the project area. Impacts on air transportation would be minimal, since most civilian and commercial flights operate above the altitudes that would be restricted by the new SUA. No other human or natural resources would be impacted by the Proposed Action. Based upon the analyses of the EA, the Proposed Action would not have a major effect on the environment. Therefore, no additional evaluation is warranted. Page ii

0 0 0 TABLE OF CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY... i.0 INTRODUCTION.... Fort Bliss Background.... Purpose and Need.... Background for the Proposed Action.... Location of the Proposed Action.... Airspace Background.... South Training Areas Utilization and Safety.... Scope and Content of the Environmental Assessment.... Applicable Environmental Statutes and Regulations.... Decision(s) to be Made....0 Public Participation....0 DESCRIPTION OF ALTERNATIVES.... Proposed Action.... Alternative.... No Action Alternative.... Alternatives Eliminated from Further Consideration..... Military Operations Areas (MOA)..... Controlled Firing Areas (CFA)...0.. National Security Areas (NSA)...0. Relationship of Action Alternatives to Purpose and Need...0.0 AFFECTED ENVIRONMENT AND CONSEQUENCES.... Airspace and Air Traffic Safety..... Affected Environment..... Environmental Consequences...... Proposed Action...... Alternative...... No Action Alternative..... Cumulative Environmental Consequences...... Proposed Action...... Alternative...... No Action Alternative....0 CONCLUSIONS....0 REFERENCES...0.0 LIST OF PREPARERS....0 DRAFT DISTRIBUTION LIST....0 ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS... Page iii

0 0 LIST OF FIGURES Figure -. Fort Bliss Vicinity Map... Figure -. Fort Bliss Existing Airspace Map (FAA El Paso North Sectional)... Figure -. South Training Area and Airspace Hazards... Figure -. Proposed Action Special Use Airspace Boundaries... Figure -. Fort Bliss Airspace and Proposed Changes... Figure -. Alternative Proposed Action Special Use Airspace Boundaries... LIST OF TABLES Table -. Applicable Environmental Statutes and Regulations... Table -. Relationship between Purpose and Need and Alternatives... LIST OF PHOTOGRAPHS Photograph -. UH 0/HH 0 Utility and Medical Evacuation Helicopter... Photograph -. AH D Longbow Apache Attack Helicopter... Photograph -. CH E Medium Cargo Helicopter... LIST OF APPENDICES Appendix A. Correspondence Appendix B. Alternatives Definitions and Coordinates Appendix C. FAA Current Airspace Navigation Chart Page iv

SECTION.0 INTRODUCTION

0 0 0.0 INTRODUCTION This Environmental Assessment (EA) addresses the potential effects, beneficial and adverse, of the proposed modification of airspace to establish Special Use Airspace (SUA) at Fort Bliss to prevent civilian aviation conflicts with military air traffic and munitions during training.. Fort Bliss Background Fort Bliss is a multi-mission Army installation located in Texas and New Mexico (Figure -). The U.S. Army (Army) Garrison and Fort Bliss were originally established in. Fort Bliss has been the home of the Army Air Defense Artillery Center since, with its primary mission to support the Army s Air Defense Artillery training. It consists of a Cantonment Area (Main Post, William Beaumont Army Medical Center, and Logan Heights), Biggs Army Airfield (BAAF), and the Fort Bliss Training Complex (FBTC). The FBTC contains approximately. million acres of land and is used for training and maneuvers by the Army and other units. The FBTC is composed of the South Training Areas, Doña Ana Range-North Training Areas, and McGregor Range, which are further subdivided into numbered training areas to manage and schedule the different training missions (see Figure -). As a result of recent Department of Defense (DoD) initiatives, Fort Bliss is in transition from an Air Defense Center to a major mounted training installation supporting multiple types of Brigade Combat Teams (BCTs) under Forces Command (FORSCOM). These initiatives include Base Closure and Realignment Act (BRAC), Army Transformation, Grow the Army, and Global Defense Posture Realignment, among others. A major result of these initiatives is the restationing of the First Armored Division (AD) from Germany to Fort Bliss. The AD consists of four heavy maneuver brigade combat teams (HBCTs), an aviation brigade, and a fires brigade. Land use changes and range construction to accommodate these units were analyzed in the Fort Bliss Texas and New Mexico Mission and Master Plan Final Supplemental Programmatic Environmental Impact Statement (EIS), for which a Record of Decision (ROD) was signed in April 00 (Army 00a). Under this EIS, a large portion of the Fort Bliss training areas, including the South Training Areas that are the focus of this EA, were authorized for weapons firing activities. Page

F G Project Location FBTC Fort Bliss Boundary 0 Miles Figure -: Fort Bliss Vicinity Map July 0 Page

0 0 0 In December 00, the Army signed the ROD for the 00 Grow the Army Programmatic Environmental Impact Statement, programming the stationing of up to two light Infantry Brigade Combat Teams (IBCTs) at Fort Bliss (Army 00b). In June 00, the Army signed the ROD for the Fort Bliss Army Growth and Force Structure Realignment Final Environmental Impact Statement, which will allow training of the IBCTs, as well as up to two Stryker Brigade Combat Teams (SBCTs) at Fort Bliss (Army 00). The SEIS also identified the establishment of a Combat Aviation Brigade (CAB) at Fort Bliss. Pursuant to force structure growth, including the CAB, Fort Bliss will be required to facilitate the training for approximately 00 Army helicopters and 00 Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS). UAS are integrated components of any intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance (ISR) plan used by military commanders during warfare situations. UAS missions provide unit commanders with current battlefield information and the ability to influence actions at the time and place of their choosing. As such, the ability of Fort Bliss to provide realistic training to units is essential to enhance the commanders effectiveness and improves the soldiers survivability on the modern day battlefield. As Army helicopters are a critical component of U.S. Army Combat Power and Theater Logistical Sustainment, integrated Combat Aviation Training will be a major piece of the AD s combat power.. Purpose and Need The purpose of the Proposed Action is to provide realistic mission training on Fort Bliss, which involves live fire exercises and use of helicopters and UAS for mission support, without endangering the general public and general aviation aircraft. The Proposed Action is needed to restrict general aviation aircraft flight within danger areas on Fort Bliss training ranges. More specifically, the need for the proposed SUA is: ) to ensure that civilian aircraft would remain well clear of live fire activity in the restricted airspace, the weapons safety zones, air maneuver routes, missile assembly areas, and other hazardous areas; ) to provide transition airspace needed for helicopters, and other military aircraft flying in a southerly direction from McGregor Range to lower operating altitudes in the South Training Areas; ) to afford fast moving military aircraft sufficient space to maneuver and remain within restricted airspace when performing low-level simulated air attacks on tactical missile sites in Page

0 0 0 support of the Japanese Annual Service Practice and other CAB training events; and ) to provide better separation between military and civilian aircraft in airspace over private lands adjacent to Fort Bliss and south of the Terrain Flying Area, but which will be used heavily by helicopters.. Background for the Proposed Action CABs are organized to conduct and/or support ground maneuvers through aviation operations. The brigade must prepare to fight as whole support BCTs using pure or task-organized units, and conduct multiple independent missions requiring pure or task-organized units. Each aviation brigade is tailored for specific missions; however, each accepts other organizations and performs missions not necessarily defined in the mission statement. Aviation brigade missions include: Reconnaissance Security Movement to contact Attack Air assault Air movement Smoke/obscurant (C) support Aeromedical evacuation Casualty Evacuation (CASEVAC) Personnel Recovery (PR) operations The aviation brigade is also capable of conducting enabling missions to support operations and facilitate regeneration of combat power. These enabling missions include: Downed aircraft recovery Forward Area Refuel Point (FARP) operations Aviation maintenance Air Traffic Services (ATS) Page

All these CABs have the capability to perform as a BCT when reinforced with appropriate ground units. These brigades can perform screen missions without augmentation, and can perform guard and cover missions when properly reinforced. Helicopters employed as part of a CAB include the UH 0/HH 0 (Photograph -), the AH Longbow Apache (Photograph -), and the CH E (Photograph -). As an integral part of CAB training, helicopters are required to operate in unison with CAB ground forces, and they normally fly at altitudes of,00 feet AGL or less. 0 0 Photograph -. UH 0/HH 0 Utility and Medical Evacuation Helicopter Photograph -. CH E Medium Cargo Helicopter Photograph -. AH D Longbow Apache Attack Helicopter Page

0 0 0 UAS are organized and developed to provide three echelons of operation: (a) battalion and below; (b) brigade level with BCTs and the battlefield surveillance brigade (BfSB); and (c) division and above. This stratification of UAS maximizes operations and provides a combat enabler to maneuver forces.. Location of the Proposed Action Fort Bliss is located in west Texas, immediately north of El Paso, Texas, and extends north across the state line into New Mexico (see Figure -). The south boundary of the installation is situated in El Paso, adjacent to and partially beneath the Class C and Class E airspace for the El Paso International Airport. The proposed SUA would be located within the South Training Areas in Hudspeth County, Texas, and McGregor Range Training Areas and in Otero County, New Mexico, adjoining SUA R-0A and R-0B (Figure -). The proposed SUA would also extend south of the Terrain Flying Area in the Hueco Mountains adjacent to SUA R- 0A.. Airspace Background Generally, airspace has defined designations assigned by the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) and adopted from international norms to control flights of all aircraft, especially around airports. These designations are letter-classified as follows (FAA 00, FAA 0): Class A: Generally, that airspace from,000 feet to 0,000 feet mean sea level (MSL). All operations must be conducted under instrument flight rules (IFR) or special visual flight rules (SVFR). Class B: Generally, that airspace from the surface up to 0,000 feet MSL surrounding the busiest airports with heavy traffic operations. This airspace is individually tailored to the specific airport in several layers. Air Traffic Control (ATC) clearance is required for all aircraft. Operations may be conducted under IFR, SVFR, or visual flight rules (VFR) clear of clouds. Class C: Generally, that airspace from the surface to,000 feet above the airport elevation surrounding those airports that have an operational control tower and radar control. Class C airspace is individually tailored in layers, but usually extends out to 0 nautical miles (NM) from,00 feet to,000 feet above the airport elevation. Entering Class C airspace requires radio contact with the controlling ATC authority, and an ATC clearance is ultimately required for landing. Operations may be conducted under IFR, SVFR, or VFR. Page

0 Miles August 0 GF Project Location Proposed Special Use Airspace (Surface -,00AGL) El Paso Airport Class E Airspace Class D Airspace Class C Airspace Page Existing Restricted Airspace Ft Bliss Boundary Figure -: Fort Bliss Existing Airspace Map (FAA El Paso North Sectional)

0 0 0 Class D: Generally, that airspace from the surface to,00 feet above the airport elevation surrounding those airports that have an operational control tower. Aircraft entering the airspace must establish and maintain radio contact with the controlling ATC. Operations may be conducted under IFR, SVFR, or VFR, but aircraft separation services are not provided. Class E: Generally, this is controlled airspace that is not Class A, B, C, or D. In the El Paso area, Class E airspace begins at,00 feet above ground level (AGL) (except for that Class E airspace assigned to El Paso International Airport, which begins at 00 feet AGL) and extends up to, but not including,,000 feet MSL. Subdivisions within Class E are for transitional purposes, extensions to the other controlled airspace classes, or other uses. Operations may be conducted under IFR, SVFR, or VFR. Flights under VFR are not subject to ATC clearance. Class G: Airspace that has not been designated as Class A, B, C, D, or E. Operations may be conducted under IFR or VFR. ATC aircraft separation service is not provided. Traffic information may be given as far as is practical with respect to other flights. Airspace in the vicinity of Fort Bliss consists of a combination of Class C and Class E airspace around the El Paso International Airport, Class D airspace around BAAF, Restricted Airspace over the Fort Bliss Doña Ana and McGregor training ranges, and Class E and G airspace over areas not controlled by the airspace designations listed previously (see Figure -) (FAA 0). The Class G airspace below,00 feet AGL and Class E airspace above,00 feet AGL includes the area over the South Training Areas where the Proposed Action would occur. The Class C airspace surrounding the El Paso International Airport requires notification and permission from the El Paso tower controller for operation of any aircraft in that airspace. Operations in the Class D airspace for BAAF require notification and permission from the BAAF tower controller. The Restricted Airspace (R-0A and R-0B) over the Fort Bliss McGregor Training Range is controlled by Fort Bliss, and restricts operation of any civilian aircraft in the area when the airspace restrictions are activated. The current FAA air navigation chart for the El Paso area can be found in Appendix C.. South Training Areas Utilization and Safety The South Training Areas consist of approximately, acres of relatively flat terrain in El Paso County located adjacent to BAAF and other infrastructure associated with HBCT, IBCT, and CAB operations (Figure -). It is one of the most heavily utilized training areas on the FBTC due to its proximity to BAAF and the relatively low cost for logistics and deployment of Page

" ) Shoot Houses Hawk Missle Safety Zone Drop Zone Live Ammo Storage Training Areas Fort Bliss Boundary El Paso Airport Class E Airspace Class D Airspace Class C Airspace Existing Restricted Airspace 0 Ft Bliss Boundary Miles Figure -: South Training Area and Airspace Hazards August 0 Page

0 0 0 training operations there. As such, it would be a primary training area for the new CAB projected to station at Fort Bliss beginning in January and February 0. The South Training Areas currently are situated primarily in Class E and G airspace, south of Restricted Airspace R- 0A and north of Class C airspace for El Paso International Airport. Class E Airspace for El Paso International Airport also partially extends over the South Training Areas (see Figure -). Training Areas and in the McGregor Range are also located in Class E and G airspace. FAA airspace descriptions and definitions are provided in Section.. The South Training Areas, as well as Training Areas and of the McGregor Range, currently contain facilities and operations, as shown in Figure -, that pose a safety risk for low-flying aircraft. The live ammunition storage and supply depot, located near U.S. Highway (US ) in Area of the McGregor Range, is a no-fly zone for military aircraft due to the potential for explosive accidents during ammunition handling. The Hawk missile assembly area Safety Zone, located in Areas and, is also a hazard zone for the same reason. These hazard areas should also be civilian no-fly zones due to the potential for explosive accidents. There are airborne drop zones in the South Training Areas that will be used with increased frequency as CAB training operations are brought to full strength. Live fire shoot houses located in the South Training Areas are currently under a Small Arms Safety Area (SARSA) to minimize stray fire hazards for low-flying aircraft. The entire South Training Areas have been approved for live-fire exercises, as provided in the SEIS (Army 00a), which would pose a safety concern for low-flying aircraft between the surface and,00 feet AGL during military operations when live-fire exercises are authorized. Designation of individual Controlled Firing Areas (CFAs) for each scheduled small arms live-fire exercise in the South Training Areas would be impractical for CAB training, and would have a severe negative impact on the Army s mission, requiring observers during exercises and suspension of training when civilian aircraft fly over. Transition airspace is necessary for helicopters and other military aircraft flying from the McGregor Range and the UAS crossover lane to the north in order to descend to CAB operating altitudes in the South Training Areas. Page 0

0 0 0. Scope and Content of the Environmental Assessment This EA was prepared in accordance with the provisions of the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) of as amended ( U.S. Code [U.S.C.]. et seq.), the Council on Environmental Quality s (CEQ) NEPA implementing regulations at 0 Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) Part 00, and CFR Environmental Analysis of Army Actions. NEPA is a Federal environmental law establishing a national policy of procedural requirements for all Federal government agencies, including the preparation of EAs for proposed agency actions. NEPA directs the Army to disclose the effects of its proposed activities at Fort Bliss to the public and officials who must make decisions concerning the proposal. Under NEPA, the analysis of environmental conditions only addresses those areas, or Region of Influence (ROI), and environmental resources with the potential to be affected by the Proposed Action or alternatives. Locations and resources with no potential to be affected need not be analyzed. The ROI includes all areas and lands that might be affected, and may change depending on how the natural, cultural, and socioeconomic resources they contain or support are affected. The purpose of this EA is to develop and evaluate alternatives for the Proposed Action and evaluate potential impacts of alternatives on pertinent resources on the FBTC and the adjacent natural and human environment. Resources that could potentially be affected as a result of the proposed restricted (SUA) airspace designations and that are evaluated in this EA include national airspace and air traffic safety. No construction, ground activities, economic changes, or personnel changes would occur as a result of the Proposed Action; therefore, no other resources associated with the natural or human environment would be impacted. National airspace and air traffic safety changes and impacts are guided by FAA regulations, including Order JO 00.G, Procedures for Handling Airspace Matters (FAA 00), and Order 00.E, CHG, Environmental Impacts: Policies and Procedures (FAA 00).. Applicable Environmental Statutes and Regulations Table - summarizes the pertinent environmental regulations, laws, and Executive Orders (E.O.) that guided the development of this EA. Due to lack of impacts on most resources and Page

lack of construction or operational changes at Fort Bliss, most of the statutes and regulations listed in Table - are not relevant to the Proposed Action. Table -. Applicable Environmental Statutes and Regulations Federal Laws and Regulations Archaeological and Historic Preservation Act Clean Air Act of 0, as amended Clean Water Act of, as amended Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act of Endangered Species Act of, as amended Magnuson-Stevens Fisheries Conservation and Management Act Migratory Bird Treaty Act of National Environmental Policy Act of, as amended National Historic Preservation Act of, as amended Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act of 0 Resource Conservation and Recovery Act of Safe Drinking Water Act of Watershed Protection and Flood Prevention Act of Executive Orders and Army Regulations Environmental Effects of Army Actions ( CFR ) Environmental Protection and Enhancement (AR 00-) Exotic & Non-Native Species (E.O. ) Protection of Migratory Birds and Game Mammals (E.O. ) Flood Plain Management (E.O. ) Protection of Wetlands (E.O. 0) Federal Actions to Address Environmental Justice in Minority Populations And Low-Income Populations (E.O. ) Protection of Children from Environmental Health Risks (E.O. 0) FAA Regulations 0 Environmental Impacts: Policies and Procedures (Order 00.E) Procedures for Handling Airspace Matters (Order JO 00.G). Decision(s) to be Made The U.S. Army, Forces Command-Fort Bliss, is the lead agency responsible for the completion of the EA, assisted by U.S. Army Installation Management Command Headquarters, U.S. Army Garrison. If no significant environmental impacts are determined based on the evaluation of impacts in the EA, a Finding of No Significant Impact (FNSI) will be signed by the Page

0 0 Commanding General. If it is determined that the Proposed Action will have significant environmental impacts, the action will be dropped or a Notice of Intent will then be published, leading to the preparation of an EIS. NEPA documentation for the decision will be submitted to the FAA as part of the justification for the requested designation of the SUA. The FAA is a cooperating agency in the preparation of this EA. The EA, the FNSI, and all other appropriate planning documents will be provided to both the Installation and Garrison Commanders for review and consideration. The signature page for the EA and FNSI package will be signed by both Commanders to indicate approval..0 Public Participation Coordination with appropriate Federal and state agencies has occurred during the preparation of this EA. The primary Federal agency consulted is the FAA. The draft EA and draft FNSI will be sent to the FAA for comment and coordination. Following FAA consensus on the draft EA and draft FNSI, the document will be made available to the general public, for a 0-day review and comment period in accordance with coordination requirements as set forth by CFR. A notice of availability will also be placed in the El Paso Times, Las Cruces Sun-News, and Alamogordo Daily News newspapers announcing that the draft EA and draft FNSI will be available for review at public libraries and at Fort Bliss. On Fort Bliss, the EA and draft FNSI will be available for review at the Public Affairs Office on Slater Road, Building. Copies of the draft EA and draft FNSI will be sent to the individuals and agencies listed in Section.0. All pertinent comments received during the 0-day public review period will be addressed before the FNSI can be signed. Correspondence received during this review period will be included as Appendix A to the Final EA and retained as part of the administrative record. Page

SECTION.0 DESCRIPTION OF ALTERNATIVES

0 0 0.0 DESCRIPTION OF ALTERNATIVES In accordance with CEQ regulations (0 CFR 0.) and CFR Part, the EA must identify and describe all reasonable alternatives to the Proposed Action, including the No Action Alternative. This EA analyzes the Proposed Action, one action alternative, and the No Action Alternative.. Proposed Action The Proposed Action is to: designate SUA (restricted airspace) in the South Training Areas and Training Areas and in the McGregor Range from the surface to a ceiling of,00 feet AGL (approximately,00 feet mean sea level [MSL]), including a triangular area over private land extending east of the South Training Areas and south of the Terrain Flying Area; correct restricted airspace coordinates currently in effect for R-0A airspace to extend that airspace south to the Texas/New Mexico state line and the edge of Fort Bliss property, as originally intended. This would not interfere with commercial aircraft operating out of El Paso International Airport, since normal VFR and IFR takeoff climb angles and landing patterns in that direction would place aircraft above the proposed SUA (,00 feet AGL). The proposed SUA over the South Training Areas would restrict operation of civilian aircraft from the surface to an altitude of,00 feet AGL (equivalent to approximately,00 feet MSL). The proposed SUA would extend north of the El Paso International Airport to a point that it adjoins the R-0A and R-0B airspace. An area east of the South Training Areas and south of the Terrain Flying Area would be included in the SUA. The expected military usage of the SUA would be days per week, with a daily usage of hours per day. The SUA would be accessible to civilian aircraft during times when military operations are not being conducted; however, civilian aircraft would have to obtain permission to access the SUA, as is required for all restricted airspace. No airspace used by commercial air traffic would be altered by the proposed restricted airspace expansions. The proposed restricted airspace (SUA) is shown in Page

0 0 0 Figure -. A three-dimensional depiction of the proposed changes and their relationship to other airspace in the El Paso area is shown in Figure -. The description of the proposed SUA is as follows: R-0A South Extension to the Texas/New Mexico State Line Boundaries Beginning at lat. o 00 0 N., long. 0 o 0 0 W.; to lat. o 00 0 N., long. 0 o 0. W.; to lat. o 00 0. N., long. 0 o 0. W.; to lat. o 00 N., long. 0 o. W.; to the point of beginning. SUA over the South Training Areas and McGregor Range Boundaries Beginning at lat. o 0 00 N., long. 0 o W.; to lat. o. N., long. 0 o. W.; to lat. o. N., long. 0 o. W.; to lat. o. N., long. 0 o. W.; to lat. o. N., long. 0 o 0. W.; to lat. o 0. N., long. 0 o. W.; to lat. o. N., long. 0 o. W.; to lat. o. N., long. 0 o. W.; to lat. o. N., long. 0 o 0 W.; to lat. o 0. N., long. 0 o. W.; to lat. o 0. N., long. 0 o 0. W.; to lat. o. N., long. 0 o 0. W.; to lat. o 00 0. N., long. 0 o 0. W.; to lat. o 00 0 N., long. 0 o 0. W.; to lat. o 00 0 N., long. 0 o 0 W.; to lat. o 0 N., long. 0 o 0 00 W.; to lat. o 0 0 N., long. 0 o 0 W.; to the point of beginning. Page

Training Area R-0A Extension Proposed Special Use Airspace (Surface -,00AGL) Class E Airspace (El Paso International Airport) Class D Airspace 0 Miles Class C Airspace Fort Bliss Boundary Figure -: Proposed Action Special Use Airspace Boundaries August 0 Page

R 0B R 0C R 0K R 0B R 0A Horizon Airport Biggs Airfield - Class D (Surface -,00ft) El Paso International Airport - Class C (,00ft -,000ft) El Paso International Airport - Class C (Surface -,000ft) Proposed SUA (Surface -,00ft AGL) Fort Bliss Restricted Airspace (Surface -,000ft) Class E Airspace (00ft -,000ft) Figure -: Fort Bliss Airspace and Proposed Changes April 0 Page

0 0 0 Designated Altitudes Surface to,00 feet AGL Time of Designation 000 to 000 (:00 AM to :00 PM) Monday through Friday Controlling Agency FAA, Albuquerque, New Mexico Traffic Control Center Using Agency Commanding General, U.S. Army and Fort Bliss, Texas. Alternative Alternative would extend the SUA over the South Training Areas and McGregor Range training areas as proposed for the Proposed Action, but the area over private and state lands east of the South Training Areas would not be included in the SUA (Figure -). The R-0A restricted airspace would also be extended to the Fort Bliss boundary, as described in the Proposed Action. The description of the proposed SUA and the location coordinates for Alternative can be found in Appendix B. This alternative would partially meet the purpose and need for the action; however, the military training flight spillover from the Terrain Flying Area southward would not be addressed, and would be subject to conflicts with civilian aircraft.. No Action Alternative NEPA and Army implementing regulations require the analysis of all reasonable alternatives, including the No Action Alternative. The No Action Alternative provides a benchmark, enabling decision makers to compare the magnitude of environmental effects of the action alternatives. Under the No Action Alternative, UAS training missions would continue as they are currently. This would require an FAA Certificate of Authorization (COA) for use of the Terrain Flying Area. Live-fire activities and low-level helicopter operations in the South Training Areas would continue to have conflicts with, and pose a danger to, civilian air traffic. The No Action Alternative would result in training delays, excess expenditure of training funds, and possibly shortened training, which would not satisfy Army standards.. Alternatives Eliminated from Further Consideration.. Military Operations Areas (MOA) The issuance of new MOAs to cover the areas in the South Training Areas where conflicts between military and civilian flights occur was considered. This would require notification to Page

Training Area R-0A Extension Proposed Special Use Airspace (Surface -,00AGL) Class E Airspace (El Paso International Airport) Class D Airspace 0 Miles Class C Airspace Fort Bliss Boundary Figure -: Alternative Proposed Action Special Use Airspace Boundaries August 0 Page

0 0 0 non-participating civilian aircraft of military operations, but would not preclude civilian aircraft from operating in or transiting the MOA during military use. Because the military use of the South Training Areas would be continuous during daylight hours, and because the military use area would be over lands primarily owned by Fort Bliss and at altitudes not normally visible to ATC radar facilities in El Paso, the MOA would not separate military and civilian air traffic, and would not meet the purpose and need for the action... Controlled Firing Areas (CFA) The use of CFAs to prevent impacts on civilian aircraft from active small arms firing activities in the South Training Areas was considered; however, the designation of individual CFAs for each training activity (activities would occur continuously and daily over a wide area) would be an onerous requirement, with the obligation to establish perimeter monitors for each area to watch for encroaching civilian aircraft. Civilian aircraft would not be required to avoid the operations areas, and training activities would be subject to unscheduled and intermittent interruptions, which would be costly for the Army and would not meet Army training standards... National Security Areas (NSA) Designation of an NSA over each hazardous munitions loading or handling area in the McGregor Range Areas and was considered. However, NSAs are designated for ground facilities security concerns, not for aircraft safety issues. Civilian aircraft are requested to voluntarily avoid flight through NSAs, and such designation would not prevent a potential munitions accident. The hazardous areas in Areas and are permanent features, which are surrounded by other training areas better suited to designation of SUA. Therefore, individual NSAs would not be practical or useful for the munitions hazard areas addressed in this EA.. Relationship of Action Alternatives to Purpose and Need Table - illustrates the relationship between each of the action alternatives addressed in the EA and the purpose and need for the action. While Alternative would partially separate civilian and military aircraft during training operations, there would still be areas of risk for civilian aircraft for certain military flight operations. Page 0

Table -. Relationship between Purpose and Need and Alternatives Requirements No Action Alternative Proposed Action Alternative Separate civilian and military aircraft during training operations Prevent civilian aircraft encroachment over hazardous sites and munitions use areas Allow for more realistic unrestricted day/night military training Prevent military/civilian aircraft interaction south of the Terrain Flying Area No Yes Partial No Yes Yes No Yes Yes No Yes No Page

SECTION.0 AFFECTED ENVIRONMENT AND CONSEQUENCES

0 0 0.0 AFFECTED ENVIRONMENT AND CONSEQUENCES This section of the EA describes the natural and human environment that exists within the project area and the potential impacts of the Proposed Action and No Action Alternative and other Alternatives outlined in Section.0 of this document. Only those resources that have the potential to be affected by any of the alternatives considered are described, as per CEQ guidance (0 CFR 0. []). No construction is involved in the Proposed Action or alternatives, and no ground actions, additional personnel or equipment, or change in operations are proposed. All impacts resulting from increased military aircraft activities and CAB operations were addressed in previous environmental documents (Army 00a, Army 00b, and Army 00). The only resource that would be impacted by the Proposed Action or the alternatives is national airspace and air traffic safety. The focus of this EA is on air traffic safety. The following resources are not addressed in this EA for the reasons stated: Aesthetics The Proposed Action would not change aesthetics or vistas visible to the public. Air Quality No new military ground activities are proposed, and no new military aircraft would be deployed that would result in additional air emissions. Air quality impacts from CAB operations were addressed in previous environmental documents incorporated by reference. Coastal Resources Fort Bliss is not located in or near any designated coastal area. Compatible Land Use The addition of SUA would be over lands owned by Fort Bliss that are dedicated to military training. The SUA proposed over private lands would not affect the surface use of that land, since it is range land used for cattle grazing. Construction Impacts No construction would be conducted as part of the Proposed Action. Department of Transportation Act: Section (f) Designation of airspace for military flight operations is exempt from section (f). The Department of Defense reauthorization in provided that [n]o military flight operations (including a military training flight), or designation of airspace for such operation, may be treated as a transportation program or project for the purposes of section 0(c) of title, United States Code. (PL 0-, Nov., ) Farmlands No farmlands or special agricultural soils exist within the area proposed for the airspace restrictions. Page

0 0 0 Fish, Wildlife, and Plants The Proposed Action would not involve any ground actions, and would not change military operations that would affect any biological resources. All biological resource impacts associated with the CAB operations were addressed in previous environmental documents incorporated by reference. Floodplains There are no floodplains within or near the area of the Proposed Action. Hazardous Materials, Pollution Prevention, and Solid Waste The Proposed Action would not generate any additional hazardous materials, petroleum products, solid wastes, or explosives. Historical, Architectural, Archaeological, and Cultural Resources No activities are proposed that would affect or be affected by any of these resources. Cultural resource impacts of CAB operations were addressed in previous environmental documents incorporated by reference. Light Emissions and Visual Impacts No increased light emissions or visual impacts would occur as part of the Proposed Action. Natural Resources and Energy Supply The Proposed Action would have no effect on natural resources. No additional energy use would occur as part of the Proposed Action. Noise The designation of SUA over Fort Bliss Property would not change the level or type of military training currently being conducted or proposed. All noise impacts associated with CAB operations were addressed in previous environmental documents incorporated by reference. Secondary (Induced)Impacts No secondary impacts have been identified as a result of the Proposed Action. Water Quality No activities are proposed that would affect surface or groundwater, or that would require additional water resources. Socioeconomic Impacts, Environmental Justice, and Children s Environmental Health and Safety Risks The Proposed Action would not add or subtract personnel or facilities to the existing Fort Bliss training mission, and no economic activities are proposed. All designated SUA would be over military training lands or unoccupied range lands, and no minority populations or children would be affected. Wetlands There are no wetlands within the area affected by the Proposed Action. Wild and Scenic Rivers There are no wild and scenic rivers located within or near the area affected by the Proposed Action. In accordance with both NEPA and the CEQ regulations implementing NEPA, this EA will examine the potential impacts on those resources that could be affected by the Proposed Action, Alternative, or the No Action Alternative. More specifically, the EA will examine the potential for direct, indirect, adverse, or beneficial impacts. The EA will also assess whether such impacts are likely to be long-term, short-term, permanent, or cumulative. Page

0 0 0. Airspace and Air Traffic Safety This resource consists of the commercial air traffic utilizing the El Paso International Airport and BAAF, as well as the civilian aircraft operating in the vicinity of El Paso and Fort Bliss. This includes aircraft based in the El Paso area and those aircraft transiting the El Paso area airspace... Affected Environment The airspace around El Paso and Fort Bliss is designated by the FAA as controlled airspace around the El Paso International Airport and BAAF. The controlled airspace is designed to provide aircraft separation for approach, landing, and takeoff from the airports in the El Paso area. The location and types of controlled airspace were shown previously in Figure - and in Appendix C. The Class C and E airspace around the El Paso International Airport dominates the controlled airspace pattern over El Paso, and the SUA Restricted Areas over the FBTC dominate the airspace north of El Paso. The Restricted Areas on the FBTC are restricted to military aircraft flights only. Between the El Paso International Airport Class C and E airspace and the Fort Bliss Restricted Areas, there is a segment of airspace that is currently designated as Class G, or uncontrolled, airspace below,00 feet AGL, with non-designated Class E airspace above that. Within the Class G airspace and the non-designated Class E airspace, any aircraft can fly at any altitude from the surface up to,000 feet MSL without contact with ATC at El Paso International Airport or BAAF. This Class E and G airspace also connects with a Class E and G corridor extending from El Paso to Alamogordo, New Mexico, generally following the US corridor. Within this Class E and G airspace area, most of which is over Fort Bliss property, the number of aircraft operating is estimated at approximately 0 aircraft per week, mostly at altitudes of between,00 and,00 feet MSL (FAA, El Paso, personal communication). The undesignated Class E and Class G airspace is beyond the normal takeoff and landing approach slopes controlled by ATC at El Paso International Airport, and commercial aircraft in that area are operating at altitudes above,00 feet MSL. Military aircraft (primarily helicopters) flying out of BAAF would generally operate in the Class E and G area at altitudes between the surface and Page

0 0 0,00 feet AGL as they land or take off for training on the FBTC. BAAF traffic is controlled by the BAAF ATC within the (blue) Class D airspace assigned to BAAF (see Figure -). There is no aircraft separation service provided for aircraft operating at low altitudes in the Class E and G airspace over the South Training Areas. Aircraft flying below,00 feet MSL are generally not visible to El Paso International Airport ATC radar... Environmental Consequences The environmental consequences resulting from the Proposed Action and alternative actions are defined as effects on commercial and other civilian aircraft related to flight paths, available flight altitudes, disruption of normal flight patterns, and restrictions on past flight activities which would no longer be available. Adverse and beneficial effects on flight safety for civilian and military aircraft are also discussed.... Proposed Action The Proposed Action would extend the current Restricted Airspace R-0A south to the Texas/New Mexico state line and the edge of Fort Bliss property, as was originally intended. The Proposed Action would also designate SUA (Restricted Area) over the South Training Areas and McGregor Range Training Areas and from the surface to,00 feet AGL (approximately,00 feet MSL). The SUA joins the R-0A and R-0B Restricted Areas over the McGregor Range. This would result in a prohibition of civilian aircraft flight within the new Restricted Area when it is activated and in use by Fort Bliss aircraft. This is expected to be from 000 to 000 hours (:00 am to :00 pm) Monday through Friday of each week. This would require any civilian aircraft to fly above,00 feet AGL during those times, but would not inhibit transient civilian aircraft from flying over the South Training Areas. Aircraft approaching El Paso International Airport would also be required to fly above,00 feet AGL in the Restricted Area, but aircraft approaching El Paso International Airport for landing would normally be above,00 feet AGL over that area prior to transitioning into the landing pattern, and aircraft taking off from El Paso International Airport would also normally climb above,00 feet AGL over the area en route to a flight path out of the El Paso area. Therefore, the Proposed Page

0 0 0 Action would not interfere with normal aircraft landing and takeoff procedures for El Paso International Airport. IFR operations into and out of El Paso International Airport would not be compromised by the Proposed Action, since authorized IFR flight paths and altitudes are above,00 feet AGL over the South Training Areas. Most aircraft flying over the South Training Areas above,00 feet AGL would normally be visible to El Paso ATC radar, which would also allow for additional traffic separation service and added safety. Aircraft operating in the Terrain Flying Area (R-0A and R-0B) northeast of the South Training Areas would be afforded additional separation from civilian aircraft and added safety when they transition into and out of that area in the Hueco Mountains. The floor of the El Paso International Airport Class E airspace northeast of the airport would remain at 00 feet AGL. Likewise, the floor of the undesignated Class E airspace over the South Training Areas would remain at,00 feet AGL. This would not impose a hardship restriction on aircraft operations in that area, since almost all aircraft currently operate above that altitude. The Class G airspace over the South Training Areas would be replaced by the new SUA. Aircraft transiting the area between El Paso International Airport and the Fort Bliss restricted areas to the north would still be able to fly above,00 feet AGL to reach the flight corridor to Alamogordo along US. The Proposed Action would greatly reduce the potential for aircraft accidents by separating military and civilian air traffic over the South Training Areas. Civilian aircraft would also be protected from adverse impacts due to military training activities on the ground. Aviation safety would be greatly enhanced, but only minimal impacts on or disruption of civilian or commercial aircraft operations would result from implementation of the Proposed Action.... Alternative The only difference between the Proposed Action and Alternative is the elimination of the SUA over private and state lands east of the South Training Areas and south of the Terrain Page