Trnavský kraj Geographic position:

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City of Trnava is the seat of the Trnava district, Trnava region and from the 1st December 2001 also the seat of the Trnava Upper Territorial Unit. From a land point of view the agricultural land resource has the largest representation with 76,14 % and arable land 73,36% of Trnava city acreable. Trnava - jedno z najvýznamnejších miest Slovenska, leží v centre Trnavskej pahorkatiny, v nadmorskej výške 146 m, vo vzdialenosti 45 km od hlavného mesta Slovenskej republiky, Bratislavy. Na križovatke starých obchodných ciest využívaných od praveku, pri riečke Trnávka, bola založená kupecká osada Trnava. Prvá písomná zmienka o nej pochádza z roku 1211. Je to listina ostrihomského arcibiskupa Jána o donácii príjmov miestneho kostola ostrihomskej kapitule.

Romanesque mansion

City sign-trnava

Geographic position: Trnava region lies in the western part of Slovakia. The region is situated nearly in the geographic centre of Europe and borders with three states the Czech Republic, Austria and Hungary, that creates a favourable conditions for crossborder cooperation in the various fields. As regards a surface unit, the biggest area occupies the Danube lowland in the south and Záhorie lowland in the north. They are devided by the belt of iceberg mountain range of the Small Carpathians with the highest peak Záruby 768 m under the see level. Trnavský kraj je kraj na západe Slovenskej republiky. Na západe susedí s Bratislavským krajom, na východe s Trenčianskym a Nitrianskym krajom, na severe s Českom a Rakúskom a na juhu s Maďarskom.Má rozlohu 4 158 km² a žije tu 551-tisíc obyvateľov. Trnavský samosprávny kraj pozostáva zo siedmich okresov a s celkovou rozlohou 4 148 km² tvorí 8,5% z rozlohy Slovenskej republiky. Počtom 550 tisíc obyvateľov je síce najmenším zo všetkých krajov Slovenska, ale patrí medzi najproduktívnejšie regióny v oblasti priemyslu a poľnohospodárstva. V kraji sa nachádza 251 obcí, z ktorých šestnásť má štatút mesta: Dunajská Streda, Šamorín, Veľký Meder, Galanta, Sereď, Sládkovičovo, Hlohovec, Leopoldov, Piešťany, Vrbové, Senica, Šaštín-Stráže, Skalica, Holíč, Gbely a Trnava, ktorá je zároveň krajským mestom.

Permanent settlements on the city's territory are known from the Neolithic period onwards. During the Middle Ages, an important market settlement arose here at the junction of two important roads from Bohemia to Hungary and from the Mediterranean to Poland. V 13. storočí si mesto vybudovalo mimoriadne rozsiahle opevnenie na ploche takmer 60 hektárov. Konštrukciu opevnenia tvorili tehlové veže pospájané drevozemnými valmi, ktoré boli neskôr nahradené murovanou hradbou.

The temporary German majority in Trnava's population yielded in favour of the Slovaks during the campaigns undertaken by the Czech Hussites in the 15th century. The Hussites opposed Germans and made Trnava the center of their campaigns in northwestern Kingdom of Hungary from 1432 to 1435 (see also Battle of Trnava (1430)). The town, along with the rest of the territory of presentday Slovakia, gained importance after the conquest of most of what is today Hungary by the Ottoman Empire in 1541, when Trnava became the see (1541 1820) of the Archbishopric of Esztergom (before 1541 and after 1820 the see was the town of Esztergom, which was conquered by the Ottoman Turks in 1543). The cathedrals of the archbishopric were the Saint John the Baptist Cathedral and the Saint Nicholas Cathedral in the town. Many ethnic Hungarians fleeing from the Turks moved to the town after 1541 from present-day Hungary. Do 18. storočia vstupovala Trnava ako univerzitné mesto známe v celej Európe. V roku 1777, keď na pokyn Márie Terézie presťahovali univerzitu do Budína, túto stratu cítila nielen Trnava, ale celé Slovensko. V roku 1792 Anton Bernolák vytvoril v Trnave hlavný stánok Slovenského učeného tovarišstva. Budovu divadla si trnavskí mešťania postavili v roku 1831. V júni 1846 bol daný do prevádzky prvý úsek konskej železnice v Uhorsku, trať z Bratislavy do Trnavy. V roku 1870 začal v Trnave pôsobiť Spolok svätého Vojtecha, ktorý v období zákazu činnosti Matici slovenskej, pomáhal udržiavať národné povedomie.

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