CODA DIGEST Q3 2017 All-Causes Delay and Cancellations to Air Transport in Europe - Q3 2017 Edition Number : CDA_2017_003 Edition Validity Date : 22/12/2017
DOCUMENT CHARACTERISTICS Document Title Document Subtitle (optional) Edition Number Edition Validity Date Use pop-up to enter value. Abstract CDA_2017_003 22/12/2017 Author(s) Charles Walker Contact Person(s) Tel/email Unit C. Walker +32 2 729 3391 NMD/PFR/FNI STATUS AND ACCESSIBILITY Status Accessible via Working Draft Intranet Draft Extranet Proposed Issue Internet (www.eurocontrol.int) Released Issue TLP STATUS Intended for Detail Red Highly sensitive, non-disclosable information Amber Sensitive information with limited disclosure Green Normal business information White Public information 2017 The European Organisation for the Safety of Air Navigation (EUROCONTROL). This document is published by EUROCONTROL for information purposes. It may be copied in whole or in part, provided that EUROCONTROL is mentioned as the source and the extent justified by the non-commercial use (not for sale). The information in this document may not be modified without prior written permission from EUROCONTROL. Edition Validity Date: 22/12/2017 Edition: CDA_2017_003 Status: Released Issue i
DOCUMENT APPROVAL Edition History The following table records the complete history of the successive editions of the present document. Edition History Edition No. Edition Validity Date Author CDA_2017_003 19/12/2017 C. Walker Released version Reason Edition Validity Date: 22/12/2017 Edition: CDA_2017_003 Status: Released Issue ii
Table of Contents DOCUMENT CHARACTERISTICS... I DOCUMENT APPROVAL... II EDITION HISTORY... II TABLE OF CONTENTS... III 1 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY... 1 2 TRAFFIC AND AVERAGE DELAY PER FLIGHT OVERVIEW... 2 3 Q3 2017 MONTHLY SUMMARY... 4 5 AVERAGE DELAY PER DELAYED FLIGHT (DEPARTURE)... 5 6 AVERAGE DELAY PER DELAYED FLIGHT (ARRIVAL)... 6 7 NM VERSUS AIRCRAFT OPERATOR EXPERIENCE OF DELAY... 7 8 DISTRIBUTION OF ALL FLIGHTS BY LENGTH OF DELAY (PUNCTUALITY)... 8 9 CODA OPERATIONAL FLIGHT CANCELLATION ANALYSIS... 10 10 CODA SCHEDULING INDICATORS... 12 11 CODA REACTIONARY DELAY ANALYSIS... 13 12 AVERAGE DEPARTURE DELAY PER FLIGHT BY HOUR... 14 13 AVERAGE DELAY PER DELAYED FLIGHT VS PERCENTAGE OF DELAYED FLIGHTS... 15 14 TOP 20 DELAY AFFECTED DEPARTURE AIRPORTS... 16 15 TOP 20 DELAY AFFECTED ARRIVAL AIRPORTS... 17 16 TOP 20 DELAY AFFECTED CITY PAIRS... 18 17 YEAR ON YEAR TRENDS IN ALL-CAUSES INDICATORS... 19 18 CODA DELAY GROUPINGS... 21 19 CORRELATION BETWEEN IATA DELAY CODES AND THE NM REGULATION CODES... 22 20 STANDARD IATA DELAY CODES (AHM 730)... 23 21 STANDARD IATA DELAY CODE SUB-CODES (AHM 731)... 25 22 GLOSSARY OF TERMS AND ABBREVIATIONS... 27 23 CODA COVERAGE OF IFR FLIGHTS IN ECAC REGION Q3 2017... 28 Edition Validity Date: 22/12/2017 Edition: CDA_2017_003 Status: Released Issue iii
1 Executive Summary Operational data received directly from airlines describing delays from all-causes for Q3 2017 illustrated a story of poorer punctuality than that of Q3 2016 with 76% of flights arriving on time compared to 79% in Q3 2016. This translated to a quarterly average all-cause departure delay of 15.1 minutes per flight, an increase of 2.6 minutes per flight on Q3 2016. A strong increase in daily flights of 4.8% in ECAC for the quarter is a common underlying factor in the main reported causes: Reactionary (knock-on) delay increased by 19% contributing 6.8 minutes to the 15.1 minute average delay per flight, a 45% share of delay minutes. Delays due to airline operations remained the main cause of primary delay, contributing 3.8 minutes to the average delay per flight, a slight increase. Airlines reported that en-route ATFM delays increased by 0.7 minutes per flight to 1.7 minutes per flight, following industrial action in France during September. There were also ATC capacity and en-route weather issues affecting Karlsruhe and Maastricht UACs throughout the quarter. Airport operations delay including ATFM (Figure 4) increased to 1.7 minutes per flight and was the second highest cause in the share of primary delay behind airline causes. In contrast to 2016, both Istanbul Sabiha Gökçen and Istanbul Ataturk airports saw fewer delays, however, London Gatwick and Amsterdam Schiphol continue to experience airport capacity delays. Operational cancellations increased to 1.6% of planned flights, compared to 1.4% in Q3 2016 with industrial action in France during September driving this increase. Figure 1. Breakdown of the Average Delay per Delay Q3 2016 vs.q3 2017 Edition Validity Date: 22/12/2017 Edition: CDA_2017_003 Status: Released Issue 1
2 Traffic and Average Delay per Flight Overview Figure 2. Total Departures per Day in ECAC European flights (ECAC) increased by 4.8% in Q3 2017 compared with Q3 2016. Further information regarding traffic and forecasts can be found on the STATFOR website and via the STATFOR Interactive Dashboard (SID). Figure 3. Breakdown of the Average Delay per Delay Flight Q3 2016 vs. Q3 2017 Q3 2017 saw an average departure delay per flight of 15.1 minutes for all-causes delay, an increase of 21% in comparison to Q3 2016. Analysis of the delay reasons shows that reactionary contributed the most to the average delay with 6.8 minutes per flight. Airline-related delays increased slightly by 0.3 minutes per flight. Following a quarter with industrial action in France, as well as ATC capacity delays in Karlsruhe and Maastricht UAC s, ATFM en-route delay increased to 1.7 minutes per flight. ATFM airport delay had the third highest contribution with 1.1 minutes per flight increasing by 0.2 minutes per flight. Edition Validity Date: 22/12/2017 Edition: CDA_2017_003 Status: Released Issue 2
Figure 4. Primary Delay Causes Q3 2016 vs. Q3 2017 Total ATFM delay reported by airlines delay increased to 1.7 minutes per flight with en-route and weather restrictions mainly driving this increase to the average delay per flight. Figure 5. Long Departure Delays >60 Minutes In Q3 2017, longer delays (those greater than 60 mins in orange) increased when compared to Q3 2016. July 2017 remained relatively stable in comparison to July 2016, however August and September saw far higher delays. With weather generating delay in August and ATC industrial action occurring in France during September. The trend in longer delays remained within a set range, with delays in excess of 2 hours (120 mins) although higher than 2016, continuing to not exceed 2%. Edition Validity Date: 22/12/2017 Edition: CDA_2017_003 Status: Released Issue 3
3 Q3 2017 Monthly Summary As indicated in the executive summary all-causes delay for Q3 deteriorated, following a quarter where ATC industrial action caused delays to airlines. Section 3 provides a month-by-month view, highlighting the particular causes and locations of allcauses delay in further detail. July 2017 operational data from airlines describing all-causes delay showed a stability in the delay situation, alongside an increase in the number of flights per day in ECAC of 5% compared to July 2016. The average delay per delayed flight on departure (ADD) was unchanged in comparison to July 2016 where the ADD was 29.6 minutes per flight. The percentage of delayed flights (>=5 minutes) on departure was 54.3%, an increase of 1.2 percentage points when compared to the same month in 2016. The evacuation of terminal 3 at Manchester airport due suspicious bag on 5 July and an incident with a disabled aircraft on the runway at Düsseldorf airport on 6 July caused ATFM delay. Seasonal weather also impacted Istanbul and Madrid/Barajas airports during the month. August 2017 data received from airlines regarding all-causes delay illustrated deterioration in the delay situation, alongside an increase in the number of flights per day in ECAC of 4.8% compared to August 2016. The average delay per delayed flight on departure (ADD) was 28.9 minutes, an increase of 11% in comparison to August 2016 where the ADD was 26.1 minutes per flight. The percentage of delayed flights (>=5 minutes) on departure was 50.8%, an increase of 5.3 percentage points when compared to the same month in 2016. The contribution to the average delay per flight of en-route delay reported by airlines increased during August 2017 from 0.8 minutes to 1.7 minutes per flight, with Karlsruhe and Maastricht UAC s suffering from ATC capacity and weather delays. Marseille ACC also suffered from ATC capacity delays. Istanbul Ataturk and Istanbul Sabiha Gökçen airports continued to experience airport capacity delays. London Gatwick and Amsterdam Schiphol airports were affected by a mixture of weather and airport capacity delays, with Amsterdam Schiphol particularly suffering on 16 and 30 August where low visibility weather impacted the airport, London Heathrow also generated delays following high winds on 03 August. September 2017 data received from airlines describing all-causes delay illustrated deterioration in the delay situation, alongside an increase in the number of flights per day in ECAC of 4.4% when compared to September 2016. Grouped together reactionary and airline delays remained the main delay causes with a 70% share of the average delay per flight. The average delay per delayed flight on departure (ADD) was 29.2 minutes, an increase of 16% in comparison to September 2016 where the ADD was 25.2 minutes per flight. The percentage of delayed flights (PDF) (>=5 minutes) on departure was 50.7%, an increase of 8.3 percentage points when compared to the same month in 2016. In comparison to August 2017 delay remained at a similar level, highlighting a continuation of the higher delays observed in Summer 2017. En-route delay reported by airlines more than doubled during September 2017 increasing from 0.7 minutes to 1.5 minutes per flight, following a month where French ATC industrial actions occurred in Marseille, Brest and Reims ACC s on the 11, 12, 13 September as well as 21 September. There were also en-route capacity delays in Karlsruhe UAC, Marseille ACC and Maastricht UAC. Istanbul Ataturk and Istanbul Sabiha Gökçen airports continue to experience airport capacity delays. London Gatwick and Amsterdam Schiphol airports were affected by a mixture of weather and airport capacity delays, with London Gatwick suffering particularly on 9 and 21 September. Seasonal weather such as strong winds and thunderstorms affected London Heathrow, Frankfurt Main, Istanbul Ataturk, Barcelona, Palma and Nice airports. Edition Validity Date: 22/12/2017 Edition: CDA_2017_003 Status: Released Issue 4
4 Average Delay per Delayed Flight (Departure) The average delay per delayed departure (ADD) increased by 2.1 minutes to 29.3 minutes per flight in Q3 2017, following the relative stability observed in the last 3 years, with the higher delays of August and September driving this increase. The percentage of flights (PDF) delayed on departure (>=5 minutes) also increased, this up to 52.0% in Q3 2017 from 47.0% in Q3 2016 and was the highest quarterly PDF for the last 4 quarters. Figure 6. Average Delay per Flight (All-Causes) for Departures Figure 7. Average Delay per Delayed Flight (All-Causes) for Departures Figure 8. Percentage of Delayed Flights (All-Causes) for Departures Edition Validity Date: 22/12/2017 Edition: CDA_2017_003 Status: Released Issue 5
5 Average Delay per Delayed Flight (Arrival) The average delay per delayed flight on arrival shows a similar trend to that of departure delay with 31.0 minutes per flight in Q3 2017 an increase of 1.8 minutes per flight when compared to Q3 2016. The percentage of delayed arrivals also increased, this by 3.5 percentage points to 43.5% in comparison to 2016, the use of schedule buffering can be observed with the difference between the percentage of delayed arrivals and delayed departures of 8.5 percentage points. Figure 9. Average Delay per Flight (All-Causes) for Arrivals Figure 10. Average Delay per delayed Flight (All-Causes) for Arrivals Figure 11. Percentage of Delayed Flight (All-Causes) for Arrivals Edition Validity Date: 22/12/2017 Edition: CDA_2017_003 Status: Released Issue 6
6 NM Versus Aircraft Operator Experience of Delay Figure 12. Breakdown of Average Delay per Flight Q3 2017 vs. Q3 2016 (Network Manager vs. Aircraft Operator) This section presents the air transport delay situation as seen from the airline and passenger viewpoint (the difference between the scheduled time of departure and the actual time of departure from the gate). Data coverage is 64% of commercial flights in the ECAC region for Q3 2017. ATFM delays reported by airlines are typically equal or lower than the NM-calculated ATFM delays due to difference in methods: ATFM delays calculated by NM are the (flight) planned delays based on restrictions applied; the airlines report the actual experienced ATFCM delay on departure. For instance, a flight with an ATFM restriction may also have a handling delay absorbed within the ATFM restriction. For the airline, a part of this delay is the ATFM delay and the rest is the handling delay. Further analysis of airline data shows that the average en-route ATFM delay from allcauses was 1.65 minutes per flight, this was stable when compared to the NM recorded average en-route ATFM delay per flight for the year of 1.60 minutes per flight. As reported by the airlines, primary delays (e.g. passenger and ramp handling delays) counted for 55% (8.26 min/flt) of which (1.65 min/flt) was attributed to en-route ATFM restrictions, with reactionary delays representing the remaining share of 45% of (6.81min/flt), resulting in an average departure delay per flight of 15.07 minutes per flight as reported in previous sections. Edition Validity Date: 22/12/2017 Edition: CDA_2017_003 Status: Released Issue 7
7 Distribution of All Flights by Length of Delay (Punctuality) In Q3 2017 overall departure punctuality levels deteriorated with 36% of flights departing within the 5 minute threshold before or after the scheduled departure time (STD). Flights delayed >30 minutes from all-causes increased by 2.8 percentage points during the quarter to 14%. Airline arrival punctuality also fell, with 76% of flights arriving within 15 minutes or earlier than their scheduled arrival time (STA), compared to 89% in Q3 2017. Figure 13. All-Causes Departure and Arrival Punctuality Q3 2016 vs. Q3 2017 Flights arriving >15 minutes ahead of schedule remained at 8%. This high share may affect airport stand availability and air traffic flow management operations (demand shifts) in the event of aircraft frequently arriving excessively ahead of their schedule. Edition Validity Date: 22/12/2017 Edition: CDA_2017_003 Status: Released Issue 8
Figure 14. Top 50* Airlines by Arrival On-Time Performance Q3 2017 *The top 50 airlines reporting to CODA by number of flights. Arrival punctuality is calculated as the share of flights arriving within 15 minutes of the scheduled time (time of arrival at gate) Figure 15. Top 50* Airlines by Arrival On-Time Performance Q3 2016 During the quarter fewer airlines were able to maintain 15 minute arrival punctuality above 85%. A total of 7 airlines saw more than 85% of their flights arrive within 15 minutes of the scheduled time of arrival vs. 12 airlines in Q3 2016. Edition Validity Date: 22/12/2017 Edition: CDA_2017_003 Status: Released Issue 9
8 CODA Operational Flight Cancellation Analysis These results are based on operational cancellation data supplied by 30 European coordinated airports reporting to CODA under EC Regulation N 390/2013. Albeit based on data supplied by a restricted list (see the conditions below) of major European airports, these results already give a good indication of trends and effects of Network events like industrial actions or extreme weather. The IFR flight coverage at the individual airports included in this analysis reaches 100%. Those airports currently unable to report operational cancellations in the required data format or those not meeting all of the criteria for operational cancellations were excluded from the analysis. According to Annex IV of EC Regulation N 390/2013 an Operational Cancellation means an arrival or departure scheduled flight to which the following conditions apply: The flight received an airport slot, and The flight was confirmed by the air carrier the day before operations and/or it was contained in the daily list of flight schedules produced by the airport operator the day before of operations, but The actual landing or take-off never occurred. Therefore this section of the CODA Digest reports on monthly and daily shares of operational cancellations of the total planned flights at day -1. Like delays, operational cancellations provide an insight into the impact of network events and associated disruption; e.g. industrial action or extreme weather events. Figure 16. Monthly Rate of Operational Cancellations July 2016 September 2017 Edition Validity Date: 22/12/2017 Edition: CDA_2017_003 Status: Released Issue 10
Figure 17. Average Daily Cancellation 2016 Q3 2017 Figure 16 on the previous page shows the monthly rate of operational cancellations and Figure 17 provides the detail of cancellations by day from July 2016 to the end of September 2017. It should be noted that initial cancellations count as operational cancellations under the terms of the regulation. In Q3 2017 the operational cancellation rate was 1.6% compared to 1.4% in Q3 2016. Overall the quarter saw fewer significant disruptions, the main events were weather related with Amsterdam Schiphol experiencing low visibility weather issues on the 16 and 30 August. In September a peak in cancellations occurred following French ATC industrial actions in Marseille, Brest and Reims ACC s on the 11, 12, 13 September as well as 21 September. Further historical details regarding operational cancellations and delays in 2015 and 2016 can be found in the CODA Annual Digest 2016. Edition Validity Date: 22/12/2017 Edition: CDA_2017_003 Status: Released Issue 11
9 CODA Scheduling Indicators Scheduling correctly is a difficult art: if too long a time is blocked for a flight, the airline will not be able to make best use of resources - staff, airframes, infrastructure. But too short a time can arguably be worse as late flights generate rotational delay with late incoming aircraft and passengers from previous flights having to be accommodated. When flights leave on time but arrive after the scheduled time of arrival they cause reactionary delays. Schedule padding is essential for air carriers in order to find schedules which work with the typical patterns of delay, so that they can deliver passengers on time, and get maximum use out of their aircraft. Consequently when delays decrease it takes one or two (IATA) seasons for the airline to adapt its schedule accordingly. Two CODA scheduling indicators help airline schedulers determine the optimal schedule based on historical flight data: The Delay Difference Indicator - Flight (DDI-F) or the difference between departure and arrival punctuality expressed in minutes. This can be indicated as a positive or negative figure, for example a flight departing with 20 minutes delay and arriving with 30 minutes arrival delay will have a DDI-F of +10 minutes. The European DDI-F in Q3 2017 was -4.8 minutes, this was an increase of 0.4 minutes schedule buffering per flight when compared to Q3 2016. The Block Time Overshoot (BTO) is the percentage of flights with an actual block time which exceeds the scheduled block time. The European BTO in Q3 2017 was 24.6%, this was an improvement compared to Q3 2016 where the BTO was 26.2%, indicating that on average a fewer number of flights had an actual block time exceeding their scheduled block time during the quarter. Figure 18. Block Time Overshoot (BTO) and Delay Difference Indicator - Flight (DDI-F) 2016 Q3 2017 Edition Validity Date: 22/12/2017 Edition: CDA_2017_003 Status: Released Issue 12
10 CODA Reactionary Delay Analysis In Q3 2017 the share of reactionary delay (IATA delay codes 91-96) was 45% of delay minutes contributing 6.8 minutes per flight. Reactionary delays are generated as a result of an aircraft s late arrival from a previous flight which in turn affects the punctuality of its next flight with the same aircraft, as well as potentially delaying connecting passengers. See IATA Standard Delay Codes section for an overview of the IATA reactionary delay codes. Subsequently there are two types of reactionary delays: firstly as a result of the same aircraft being delayed on its next flight (rotational delay) and secondly when another aircraft is delayed as a result of another aircraft typically through passengers, crew and load connection (non-rotational delays). This section concentrates on IATA delay code 93 rotational delays, as these have a significant share of overall reactionary delays (approximately 90%) and the largest effect on network performance and passenger experience. In Figure 19 analysis shows that the median number of scheduled flights per sequence for an aircraft in Q3 2017 was 4. The changes to the IATA seasons can be observed in the graph where the median falls to 3 in November 2016 and continues through to April 2017 when the IATA summer season commences. Figure 19. Median Scheduled Flight Sequence Depth and Share of Reactionary Departure Delay on Intra European Flights: Jul 2016 September 2017. Edition Validity Date: 22/12/2017 Edition: CDA_2017_003 Status: Released Issue 13
11 Average Departure Delay per Flight by Hour Figure 20. Breakdown of the Average Departure Delay per Flight by Hour of the Day Q3 2017 (top) vs. Q3 2016 (bottom) During the first rotation hours (between 0300 and 0900 UTC) Figure 20 shows a higher share of en- route ATFM related delay when compared to Q3 2016 with its share at or just below 20% during the first rotation phase at 0600 UTC. Airline related delay share fell slightly below 40% during the first rotation and airline delay relatively stable during the day. One area of note is the increase in weather delay share during the morning compared to Q3 2016, this in turn saw drives reactionary delay share by the end of the operational day. Edition Validity Date: 22/12/2017 Edition: CDA_2017_003 Status: Released Issue 14
12 Average Delay per Delayed Flight vs Percentage of Delayed Flights Figure 21. ADD vs. PDF on Departure In Q3 2017, the percentage of flights delayed on departure (>=5 minutes) increased to 52%. Putting these 3 months together the average delay per delayed (ADD) flight was 29.3 minutes, an increase of 2.1 minutes. Figure 22. ADD vs. PDF on Arrival The average delay per delayed flight on arrival from all-causes was 31.0 minutes per flight in Q3 2017 an increase of 1.8 minutes per flight. The percentage of delayed arrivals also increased, this by 3.5 percentage points to 43.5% in comparison to Q3 2016. Edition Validity Date: 22/12/2017 Edition: CDA_2017_003 Status: Released Issue 15
13 Top 20 Delay Affected Departure Airports Figure 23. All-Causes Delay. Top 20 Affected Departure Airports Q3 2017 Rank Departure Airport ICAO Code Average delay per departure (mins) Average Delay per Flight Percentage Change Average Delay per Delayed Departure Percentage of Delayed Departures 1 LISBON LPPT 22.9 47% 30.5 75.3% 2 PALMA DE MALLORCA LEPA 22.4 29% 36.3 61.5% 3 MANCHESTER EGCC 21.8 39% 33.2 65.8% 4 LONDON/GATWICK EGKK 21.6-10% 31.6 68.3% 5 LONDON/LUTON EGGW 20.7-2% 30.7 67.4% 6 NICE LFMN 20.2 42% 34.3 59.0% 7 BIRMINGHAM EGBB 20.0 35% 32.4 61.7% 8 IBIZA LEIB 19.7 6% 36.8 53.6% 9 TEL AVIV/BEN GURION LLBG 19.6 6% 32.1 61.1% 10 LONDON/STANSTED EGSS 19.4 35% 29.5 65.9% 11 TEGEL-BERLIN EDDT 19.3 69% 30.0 64.5% 12 DUSSELDORF EDDL 19.2 31% 30.5 63.0% 13 CATANIA LICC 18.9 21% 33.3 56.6% 14 COLOGNE EDDK 18.8 29% 31.9 58.9% 15 HAMBURG EDDH 18.7 37% 28.9 64.8% 16 BRISTOL EGGD 18.3 34% 30.6 59.9% 17 VENEZIA TESSERA LIPZ 18.1 11% 31.9 56.6% 18 PARIS CH DE GAULLE LFPG 18.0 19% 28.3 63.6% 19 MILANO MALPENSA LIMC 18.0 9% 34.1 52.8% 20 BARCELONA LEBL 17.8-11% 31.9 55.8% Flights departing Lisbon suffered from airport related delays, as well as airline and reactionary. Airlines with flights departing from Palma de Mallorca suffered from en-route delays in France as well as reactionary delays on high frequency Spanish domestic routes. Flights departing from Manchester airport experienced weather delays. Figure 24. Main Delay Causes at the Top 10 Affected Departure Airports Edition Validity Date: 22/12/2017 Edition: CDA_2017_003 Status: Released Issue 16
14 Top 20 Delay Affected Arrival Airports Figure 25. All-Causes Delay. Top 20 Affected Arrival Airports Q3 2017 Rank Arrival Airport ICAO Code Average delay per Flight (mins) Average Delay per Flight Percentage Change Average Delay per Delayed Arrival Percentage of Delayed Arrivals 1 LONDON/GATWICK EGKK 24.4 1% 39.4 61.9% 2 MANCHESTER EGCC 20.6 45% 38.0 54.3% 3 LISBON LPPT 20.1 40% 33.3 60.1% 4 BRISTOL EGGD 19.0 46% 35.2 53.9% 5 LONDON/STANSTED EGSS 18.7 47% 35.0 53.3% 6 COLOGNE EDDK 18.1 41% 36.6 49.6% 7 LONDON/LUTON EGGW 17.9 7% 35.6 50.3% 8 BIRMINGHAM EGBB 17.9 44% 33.6 53.2% 9 BARCELONA LEBL 17.7-17% 36.6 48.3% 10 PALMA DE MALLORCA LEPA 17.6 36% 36.2 48.6% 11 TEL AVIV/BEN GURION LLBG 17.0-30% 31.6 53.8% 12 MILAN MALPENSA LIMC 16.8 10% 37.2 45.3% 13 PORTO LPPR 16.3 6% 32.8 49.8% 14 DUSSELDORF EDDL 16.3 33% 31.8 51.2% 15 BERLIN SCHOENEFELD EDDB 15.8 29% 33.7 47.0% 16 IBIZA LEIB 15.7 2% 35.5 44.3% 17 GLASGOW EGPF 15.7 8% 33.6 46.8% 18 EDINBURGH EGPH 15.5 4% 31.2 49.8% 19 NICE LFMN 14.7 25% 31.4 46.9% 20 PARIS ORLY LFPO 14.7 18% 31.8 46.2% London Gatwick ranked number 1 for arrival delays in Q3 2017, with an average delay per flight on arrival of 24.4 minutes, with reactionary delays, ATC capacity and weather contributing to this figure. Flights to Manchester flights recorded high shares of reactionary and airport capacity delays. The high en-route delays in France following the ATC industrial action can also be observed in Figure 26, with notably high shares at UK airports. Figure 26. Main Delay Causes at the Top 10 Affected Arrival Airports Edition Validity Date: 22/12/2017 Edition: CDA_2017_003 Status: Released Issue 17
15 Top 20 Delay Affected City Pairs Figure 27. All-Causes Delay Situation for the 20 Most Delayed Airport Pairs Q3 2017 Rank Departure Airport Arrival Airport Average Delay Per Departure Change since Previous Period Average Delay Per Delayed Departure Percentage Delayed Departures 1 LONDON/GATWICK BARCELONA 28.2-9% 39.0 72.3% 2 3 PALMA DE MALLORCA SCHIPHOL AMSTERDAM COLOGNE 27.2 53% 40.3 67.4% LONDON/GATWICK 26.6-4% 37.1 71.8% 4 BARCELONA LONDON/GATWICK 25.9-7% 37.4 69.3% 5 PARIS CH DE GAULLE BARCELONA 25.3-0% 34.5 73.3% 6 LONDON/GATWICK DUBLIN 24.6 8% 35.4 69.6% 7 IBIZA BARCELONA 23.7-23% 37.4 63.3% 8 BARCELONA PARIS CH DE GAULLE 23.7 19% 33.8 70.1% 9 PARIS ORLY LISBON 23.2 25% 31.8 73.0% 10 ROME FIUMICINO BARCELONA 23.2-13% 32.5 71.4% 11 COLOGNE PALMA DE MALLORCA 23.0 49% 39.3 58.5% 12 BIRMINGHAM SCHIPHOL AMSTERDAM 22.8 136% 33.2 68.7% 13 14 SCHIPHOL AMSTERDAM PALMA DE MALLORCA BARCELONA 22.8-1% 34.3 66.4% IBIZA 21.8 87% 38.4 56.7% 15 LONDON/GATWICK SCHIPHOL AMSTERDAM 21.7-13% 32.7 66.2% 16 SCHIPHOL AMSTERDAM BIRMINGHAM 21.6 120% 33.2 64.9% 17 BARCELONA SCHIPHOL AMSTERDAM 21.3 14% 33.2 63.9% 18 LISBON MADEIRA 21.1 32% 30.9 68.4% 19 MALAGA LONDON/GATWICK 21.0-32% 35.3 59.7% 20 SCHIPHOL AMSTERDAM MANCHESTER 20.7 66% 31.6 65.4% Flights operating from London Gatwick to Barcelona mainly experienced delay due to airline and airport capacity related causes. Further analysis of the Top 20 delayed city pairs show that flights operating on the Palma to Cologne route suffered from high reactionary delays. Flights operating between Amsterdam Schiphol and Gatwick suffered from arrival restrictions from weather and airport capacity. Edition Validity Date: 22/12/2017 Edition: CDA_2017_003 Status: Released Issue 18
16 Year on Year Trends in All-Causes Indicators This section summarises the year-on-year trends in the main indicators of delay from all-causes. A flight is considered delayed from 5 minutes. This is based on CODA data covering 64% of commercial flights in the ECAC region in Q3 2017. Figure 28 Average all-causes delay/delayed flight (departures top, arrivals bottom) Figure 29. Percentage of flights delayed for all-causes delay (departures top, arrivals bottom) Edition Validity Date: 22/12/2017 Edition: CDA_2017_003 Status: Released Issue 19
Figure 30. Percentage of flights delayed >15mins for all-causes (departures top, arrivals bottom) Edition Validity Date: 22/12/2017 Edition: CDA_2017_003 Status: Released Issue 20
Primary Delay Causes Network Manager 17 CODA Delay Groupings CODA CAUSE Description IATA Code Passenger and Baggage 11-19 Cargo and Mail 21-29 Aircraft and Ramp Handling 31-39 Airline Technical and Aircraft Equipment 41-48 Damage to Aircraft & EDP/Automated Equipment Failure 51-58 Flight Operations and Crewing 61-69 Other Airline Related Causes Others ATFM due to Restriction at Destination Airport 83 Airport Airport Facilities 87 Restrictions at Airport of Destination 88 Restrictions at Airport of Departure 89 En-Route ATFM due to ATC En-Route Demand / Capacity 81 ATFM due to ATC Staff / Equipment En-Route 82 Governmental Security and Immigration 85-86 Weather Weather (other than ATFM) 71-77 ATFM due to Weather at Destination 84 Miscellaneous Miscellaneous 98-99 Reactionary Late Arrival of Aircraft, Crew, Passengers or Load 91-96 Edition Validity Date: 22/12/2017 Edition: CDA_2017_003 Status: Released Issue 21
18 Correlation between IATA Delay Codes and the NM Regulation Codes Note: updated version published in the ATFCM Users Manual 20.1.1 1 1 http://www.eurocontrol.int/sites/default/files/content/documents/nm/network-operations/handbook/atfcm-usersmanual-current.pdf Edition Validity Date: 22/12/2017 Edition: CDA_2017_003 Status: Released Issue 22
19 Standard IATA Delay Codes (AHM 730) Others 00-05 AIRLINE INTERNAL CODES 06 (OA) NO GATE/STAND AVAILABILITY DUE TO OWN AIRLINE ACTIVITY Including Early Arrivals 09 (SG) SCHEDULED GROUND TIME LESS THAN DECLARED MINIMUM GROUND TIME Passenger and Baggage 11 (PD) LATE CHECK-IN, acceptance after deadline 12 (PL) LATE CHECK-IN, congestions in check-in area 13 (PE) CHECK-IN ERROR, passenger and baggage 14 (PO) OVERSALES, booking errors 15 (PH) BOARDING, discrepancies and paging, missing checked-in passenger 16 (PS) COMMERCIAL PUBLICITY/PASSENGER CONVENIENCE, VIP, press, ground meals and missing personal items 17 (PC) CATERING ORDER, late or incorrect order given to supplier 18 (PB) BAGGAGE PROCESSING, sorting etc. 19 (PW) REDUCED MOBILITY, boarding / deboarding of passengers with reduced mobility. Cargo and Mail 21 (CD) DOCUMENTATION, errors etc. 22 (CP) LATE POSITIONING 23 (CC) LATE ACCEPTANCE 24 (CI) INADEQUATE PACKING 25 (CO) OVERSALES, booking errors 26 (CU) LATE PREPARATION IN WAREHOUSE 27 (CE) DOCUMENTATION, PACKING etc (Mail Only) 28 (CL) LATE POSITIONING (Mail Only) 29 (CA) LATE ACCEPTANCE (Mail Only) Aircraft and Ramp Handling 31 (GD) AIRCRAFT DOCUMENTATION LATE/INACCURATE, weight and balance, general declaration, pax manifest, etc. 32 (GL) LOADING/UNLOADING, bulky, special load, cabin load, lack of loading staff 33 (GE) LOADING EQUIPMENT, lack of or breakdown, e.g. container pallet loader, lack of staff 34 (GS) SERVICING EQUIPMENT, lack of or breakdown, lack of staff, e.g. steps 35 (GC) AIRCRAFT CLEANING 36 (GF) FUELLING/DEFUELLING, fuel supplier 37 (GB) CATERING, late delivery or loading 38 (GU) ULD, lack of or serviceability 39 (GT) TECHNICAL EQUIPMENT, lack of or breakdown, lack of staff, e.g. pushback Technical and Aircraft Equipment 41 (TD) AIRCRAFT DEFECTS. 42 (TM) SCHEDULED MAINTENANCE, late release. 43 (TN) NON-SCHEDULED MAINTENANCE, special checks and/or additional works beyond normal maintenance schedule. 44 (TS) SPARES AND MAINTENANCE EQUIPMENT, lack of or breakdown. 45 (TA) AOG SPARES, to be carried to another station. 46 (TC) AIRCRAFT CHANGE, for technical reasons. 47 (TL) STAND-BY AIRCRAFT, lack of planned stand-by aircraft for technical reasons. 48 (TV) SCHEDULED CABIN CONFIGURATION/VERSION ADJUSTMENTS. Damage to Aircraft & EDP/Automated Equipment Failure 51 (DF) DAMAGE DURING FLIGHT OPERATIONS, bird or lightning strike, turbulence, heavy or overweight landing, collision during taxiing 52 (DG) DAMAGE DURING GROUND OPERATIONS, collisions (other than during taxiing), loading/offloading damage, contamination, towing, extreme weather conditions 55 (ED) DEPARTURE CONTROL 56 (EC) CARGO PREPARATION/DOCUMENTATION 57 (EF) FLIGHT PLANS 58 (EO) OTHER AUTOMATED SYSTEM Flight Operations and Crewing 61 (FP) FLIGHT PLAN, late completion or change of, flight documentation 62 (FF) OPERATIONAL REQUIREMENTS, fuel, load alteration Edition Validity Date: 22/12/2017 Edition: CDA_2017_003 Status: Released Issue 23
63 (FT) LATE CREW BOARDING OR DEPARTURE PROCEDURES, other than connection and standby (flight deck or entire crew) 64 (FS) FLIGHT DECK CREW SHORTAGE, sickness, awaiting standby, flight time limitations, crew meals, valid visa, health documents, etc. 65 (FR) FLIGHT DECK CREW SPECIAL REQUEST, not within operational requirements 66 (FL) LATE CABIN CREW BOARDING OR DEPARTURE PROCEDURES, other than connection and standby 67 (FC) CABIN CREW SHORTAGE, sickness, awaiting standby, flight time limitations, crew meals, valid visa, health documents, etc. 68 (FA) CABIN CREW ERROR OR SPECIAL REQUEST, not within operational requirements 69 (FB) CAPTAIN REQUEST FOR SECURITY CHECK, extraordinary Weather 71 (WO) DEPARTURE STATION 72 (WT) DESTINATION STATION 73 (WR) EN ROUTE OR ALTERNATE 75 (WI) DE-ICING OF AIRCRAFT, removal of ice and/or snow, frost prevention excluding unserviceability of equipment 76 (WS) REMOVAL OF SNOW, ICE, WATER AND SAND FROM AIRPORT 77 (WG) GROUND HANDLING IMPAIRED BY ADVERSE WEATHER CONDITIONS Air Traffic Flow Management Restrictions 81 (AT) ATFM due to ATC EN-ROUTE DEMAND/CAPACITY, standard demand/capacity problems 82 (AX) ATFM due to ATC STAFF/EQUIPMENT EN-ROUTE, reduced capacity caused by industrial action or staff shortage, equipment failure, military exercise or extraordinary demand due to capacity reduction in neighbouring area 83 (AE) ATFM due to RESTRICTION AT DESTINATION AIRPORT, airport and/or runway closed due to obstruction, industrial action, staff shortage, political unrest, noise abatement, night curfew, special flights 84 (AW) ATFM due to WEATHER AT DESTINATION Airport and Government Authorities 85 (AS) MANDATORY SECURITY 86 (AG) IMMIGRATION, CUSTOMS, HEALTH 87 (AF) AIRPORT FACILITIES, parking stands, ramp congestion, lighting, buildings, gate limitations, etc. 88 (AD) RESTRICTIONS AT AIRPORT OF DESTINATION, airport and/or runway closed due to obstruction, industrial action, staff shortage, political unrest, noise abatement, night curfew, special flights 89 (AM) RESTRICTIONS AT AIRPORT OF DEPARTURE WITH OR WITHOUT ATFM RESTRICTIONS, including Air Traffic Services, start-up and pushback, airport and/or runway closed due to obstruction or weather 2, industrial action, staff shortage, political unrest, noise abatement, night curfew, special flights Reactionary 91 (RL) LOAD CONNECTION, awaiting load from another flight 92 (RT) THROUGH CHECK-IN ERROR, passenger and baggage 93 (RA) AIRCRAFT ROTATION, late arrival of aircraft from another flight or previous sector 94 (RS) CABIN CREW ROTATION, awaiting cabin crew from another flight 95 (RC) CREW ROTATION, awaiting crew from another flight (flight deck or entire crew) 96 (RO) OPERATIONS CONTROL, re-routing, diversion, consolidation, aircraft change for reasons other than technical Miscellaneous 97 (MI) INDUSTRIAL ACTION WITH OWN AIRLINE 98 (MO) INDUSTRIAL ACTION OUTSIDE OWN AIRLINE, excluding ATS 99 (MX) OTHER REASON, not matching any code above SOURCE: IATA Airport Handling Manual (730 & 731) 2 Restriction due to weather in case of ATFM regulation only, else refer to code 71 (WO) Edition Validity Date: 22/12/2017 Edition: CDA_2017_003 Status: Released Issue 24
20 Standard IATA Delay Code Sub-Codes (AHM 731) 73 (WR) WEATHER: EN ROUTE OR ALTERNATE Z OUTSIDE AIRCRAFT LIMITS Y OUTSIDE CREW LIMITS X ETOPS 81 (AT) ATFM DUE TO ATC EN-ROUTE DEMAND/CAPACITY, standard demand/capacity problems Z ATC ROUTEING Y HIGH DEMAND OR CAPACITY X ENVIRONMENTAL W WEATHER G OTHER 82 (AX) ATFM DUE TO ATC STAFF/EQUIPMENT EN-ROUTE, reduced capacity caused by industrial action or shortage or equipment failure, extraordinary demand due to capacity reduction in neighbouring area Z INDUSTRIAL ACTION Y EQUIPMENT FAILURE X STAFF SHORTAGE W MILITARY ACTIVITY V SPECIAL EVENT 83 (AE) ATFM DUE TO RESTRICTION AT DESTINATION AIRPORT, airport and/or runway closed due to obstruction, industrial action, staff shortage, political unrest, noise abatement, night curfew, special flights Z HIGH DEMAND / ATC CAPACITY Y INDUSTRIAL ACTION X EQUIPMENT FAILURE W STAFF SHORTAGE V ACCIDENT / INCIDENT U MILITARY ACTIVITY T SPECIAL EVENT S NOISE ABATEMENT/NIGHT CURFEW P HIGH DEMAND/AIRPORT FACILTIES 85 (AS) MANDATORY SECURITY Z MANDATORY SECURITY CHECK Y SECURITY CONTROL CHECKPOINTS X BAGGAGE/AVI SECURITY W BAGGAGE IDENTIFICATION/UNLOADING/INTENDED V AIRPORT/TERMINAL SECURITY U AIRLINE/AIRCRAFT SECURITY CHECK T EXTRAORDINARY SECURITY EVENTS G OTHER 86 (AG) IMMIGRATION, CUSTOMS, HEALTH Z IMMIGRATION/EMMIGRATION Y CUSTOMS X HEALTH G OTHER 87 (AF) AIRPORT FACILITIES, parking stands, ramp congestion, lighting, buildings, gate limitations, etc. Z PARKING STANDS LIMITATION/NO PARKING STANDS AVAILABLE, EXCLUDING EARLY ARRIVALS Y RAMP CONGESTION, ABNORMAL STAND ACCESS LIMITATION (NON-ATC) X BUILDINGS W GATE LIMITATION / NO GATE AVAILABLE EXCLUDING EARLY ARRIVALS V BAGGAGE SORTING SYSTEM DOWN / SLOW U NO PUSH BACK CLEARANCE DUE TO INFRASTRUCTURE (NON-ATC) T JET BRIDGE INOPERATIVE S LACK OF CHECK IN COUNTERS R AIRFIELD ELECTRICAL SYSTEM FAILURE P PASSENGER TRANSPORT SYSTEM FAILURE N PUBLIC ADDRESS/FLIGHT INFORMATION DISPLAY SYSTEM FAILURE M INSUFFICIENT FIRE COVER J LATE POSITIONING OF AIRCRAFT (WHEN RESPONSIBILITY OF AIRPORT) I SERVICE ROAD RESTRICTION H LATE ARRIVAL OR LACK OF FOLLOW ME VEHICLE G ANY OF THE ABOVE AT THE DESTINATION AIRPORT Edition Validity Date: 22/12/2017 Edition: CDA_2017_003 Status: Released Issue 25
89 (AM) RESTRICTIONS AT AIRPORT OF DEPARTURE WITH OR WITHOUT ATFM RESTRICTIONS, including Air Traffic Services, start-up and pushback, airport and/or runway closed due to obstruction or weather. Z ATC CAPACITY Y ATC INDUSTRIAL ACTION X ATC STAFFING W ATC EQUIPMENT V ATC ACCIDENT/INCIDENT U MILITARY ACTIVITY/SPECIAL FLIGHTS/VIP T ATC SPECIAL EVENT S ATC WEATHER O ENVIRONMENTAL BENEFIT, DELAYED START-UP/PUSHBACK DUE TO USE OF REDUCED STANDARD TAXI TIMES R ATC RESTRICTIONS DUE TO CURFEW P ATC POLITICAL UNREST N ATC ENVIRONMENTAL M AIRPORT CLOSURE L RUNWAY CLOSURE K MISCELLANEOUS START-UP DELAY (LOCAL ATC) J LOST FLIGHT PLAN BY ATC I LATE PUSHBACK GIVEN DUE TO OTHER REASONS THAN INFRASTRUCTURE H CONSTRUCTION WORK/MAINTENENCE G OTHER 93 (RA) AIRCRAFT ROTATION, late arrival of aircraft from another flight Z LATE ARRIVAL DUE DEPARTURE DELAY AT PREVIOUS STATION Y LATE ARRIVAL DUE ENROUTE DELAY X LATE ARRIVAL DUE DELAY AFTER LANDING W LATE ARRIVAL DUE TO HIGH DEMAND FOR DESTINATION STATION V LATE ARRIVAL DUE TO WEATHER AT DESTINATION U LATE ARRIVAL DUE TO TECHNICAL REASONS Edition Validity Date: 22/12/2017 Edition: CDA_2017_003 Status: Released Issue 26
21 Glossary of Terms and Abbreviations ACC ADMD ADMA ADDD ADDA AHM AIBT AOBT ATFCM ATFM ATS BTO CODA DDI-F ECAC FIR IATA ICAO IFR NM NMD NMOC PDF STA STD TDF TDM TTF Area Control Centre Average Delay per Flight on Departure Average Delay per Flight on Arrival Average Delay per Delayed Flight on Departure Average Delay per Delayed Flight on Arrival Airport Handling Manual Actual In Block Time Actual Off Block Time Air Traffic Flow and Capacity Management Air Traffic Flow Management (used by IATA in the Standard IATA Delay Codes) Air Traffic Services Block Time Overshoot Central Office for Delay Analysis Delay Difference Indicator Flight European Civil Aviation Conference Flight Information Region International Air Transport Association International Civil Aviation Organization Instrument Flight Rules Network Manager Network Manager Directorate Network Manager Operations Centre Percentage of Delayed Flights Scheduled Time of Arrival Scheduled Time of Departure Total Delayed Flights Total Delay in Minutes Total Flights Edition Validity Date: 22/12/2017 Edition: CDA_2017_003 Status: Released Issue 27
Canary Islands Network Manager 22 CODA Coverage of IFR Flights in ECAC Region Q3 2017 Edition Validity Date: 22/12/2017 Edition: CDA_2017_003 Status: Released Issue 28
DOCUMENT FINAL PAGE Edition Validity Date: 22/12/2017 Edition: CDA_2017_003 Status: Released Issue 29