REVIEWS 255 Foreword (p. iv) by Dr. Alida Ortiz Sotomayor emphasizes the educational use of this book. Preface (p. vi) by Dr. Ariel E. Lugo focuses on the human impacts and threats to the bay. About the Author (p. x) briefly notes the training and experience of the author. Introduction (p. 35 37) has subheadings of Jobos Bay: A Cybernetic Ecosystem (p. 35 36) and Location and General Description (p. 36 37). The Physical Environment (p. 37 40) has subheadings of Geology (p. 37 39); Oceanography (p. 39 40); Hydrology (p. 40 41); and Climate (p. 41 42). Ecological Communities (p. 42 52) has subheadings of The Mangrove Forest (p. 43 47) with secondary subheadings of Red Mangrove (Rhizophora mangle) (p. 44 45), White Mangrove (Laguncularia racemosa) (p. 45 46), Black Mangrove (Avicennia germinans) (p. 46 47), and Buttonwood (Conocarpus erectus) (p. 47); The Evergreen Litoral Woodland (p. 47 49); Mud Flats (p. 49 50); Seagrass Beds (p. 50 51); Coral Reefs (p. 51 52); Fauna Associated to Intertidal and Upland Habitats (p. 52 53); Fauna From the Mud Flats (p. 53 and 55); and Marine Fauna (p. 55). Energy and Nutrient Dynamics (p. 56 61) has subheadings of Primary Productivity (p. 57 60) and Trophic Interactions (p. 60 61). Concluding Notes On the Natural History of Jobos Bay (p. 61 62) is a plea to cease or reverse the catastrophic human destruction of our natural resources. References (p. 63 69) lists 88 citations. A number of missing citations, miscitations, and typographical errors occurred (see Williams and Bunkley-Williams, 2003). Illustrations (p. 70 103) includes 45 figures containing 91 color photographs, 6 color maps, 4 color graphs, 1 color drawing. Some of the color prints are too small or unclear, and the over all quality of the printing is not high. Appendices (p. 104 141) appear to be largely based on other people s work. These sources should have been acknowledged with citations. Only Appendix I. Phytobiota on the Littoral Woodland of Jobos Bay (p. 106 118) contains information about type (tree, shrub, herb), abundance, and origin of 225 species. It also includes scientific, English common, and Puerto Rican common names. The remaining five appendices are barebones checklists. Appendix II. Common Marine Plants from Jobos Bay (p. 119 120) lists 52 species without common names. Appendix III. Representative Phytoplankton s Genera from the Jobos Bay (p. 121) lists 37 genera in Chrysophyta, 6 in Pyrrophyta, and 2 in Chromophyta. Appendix IV. Partial List of Terrestrial Animal Species Inhabiting Jobos Bay (p. 122 128) includes a fairly complete list of common vertebrates (4 amphibians, 13 reptiles, 108 birds, 6 mammals), but a rather incomplete invertebrate list (3 snails, 12 spiders and scorpions, 15 crabs, 1 centipede, 3 millipedes, 25 insects). This Appendix includes scientific, English and Puerto Rican common names. It is interesting that the exotic green iguana, Iguana iguana, is established. Appendix V. Partial List of Invertebrates Living in Benthic Substrata of Jobos Bay (p. 129 133) omitted many large and important invertebrates (e.g., boulder star coral, Montastrea annularis; great star coral, M. cavernosa; giant basket sea star, Astrophyton muricatum). Common names were not given although most have well-known and accepted common names. Appendix VI. Common Marine Fishes from Jobos Bay (p. 134 141) is reasonably complete with 232 species. This Appendix includes scientific, English and Puerto Rican common names.
256 BULLETIN OF MARINE SCIENCE, VOL. 72, NO. 1, 2003 We provide an Appendix (below) detailing some technical corrections. Such comments may seem trivial and tedious in a book review, but since this book will be widely used as a reference source, the information may prove useful. The dimensions of the book are 20.3 27.3 1.0 cm. The paper is of reasonable quality, but thin enough to allow print to show through. The covers and pages 0/0, 33/34, 69/70, and 105/106 are on thicker stock. The copy we examined had some faded or lightly printed pages, and some areas of smeared print. Some pluralization errors, typical of Spanish to English translation, occurred. The author s photographs are obviously outstanding, but the printing does not do them justice. Revenues from the book sponsor a scholarship fund for low-income students on the Guayama InterAmerican University/ University of Puerto Rico (IAUPR) Campus. Dr. Eddie Nelson Laboy Nieves has the knowledge, experience, accumulated research and literature, other resources, and location, to produce a truly outstanding monograph on Jobos Bay. We look forward to seeing such a comprehensive work for which the present book would serve as a preamble. This is very important because almost all of the research work conducted in Jobos Bay has been recorded in unpublished reports (Williams and Bunkley-Williams, 2003) and despite some efforts to preserve this information (Anonymous, undated); much of it is being lost. The Center for Energy and Environmental Research (CEER) Library [University of Puerto Rico at Mayagüez (UPRM)], which archived many of these reports, was closed in 2000. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS We thank J. M. López, former Head of CEER, for reviewing the manuscript; and C. González, Jobos Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve; A. Ortiz Sotomayor, University of Puerto Rico at Humacao (retired); and G. Breckon, J. R. Garcia Sais, J. Morelock, and P.l M. Yoshioka, UPRM, C. R. Ramos, EPA, New York, NY, and C. Gines-Sánchez, Mayagüez, for help in locating reports. LITERATURE CITED *Anonymous. undated. Jobos Bay NERR Inventory of historic and recent data (including Watershed impacting Jobos Bay, Special planning area of the Jobos Bay NERR, Management area of the Jobos Bay NERR, 1995 Landuse/Landcover around Jobos Bay, 1995 Mangrove stands around Jobos Bay, 1997 Mangrove stands around Jobos Bay, Coral reef in Jobos Bay, and data from the 1974 Puerto Rico Nuclear Center Jobos Bay Annual Environmental Report). Estuarine Research Reserve System (NERR) Data Rescue Project, NOAA [www.csc.noaa.gov/pagis/ html/esdim/jobos.html] Williams, E. H., Jr. and L. Bunkley-Williams. 2003. Bibliography of research publications concerning Jobos Bay. Carib. J. Sci. Online caribjsci.org/publications.html APPENDIX (MINOR TECHNICAL CORRECTIONS) Jobos Bay can no longer be being closed by the expansion of small coral reef colonies (Laboy Nieves, 2001:40) since 90% of the coral reef is dead. (Laboy Nieves, 2001:43) and eroding, not growing. Table 1 is a Partial list of epibionts that inhabit the red mangrove rizosphere (Laboy Nieves, 2001:54). This might have better
REVIEWS 257 been treated as an appendix. The purpose or advantage of a partial list is not explained. The two most common and abundant species on the mangrove roots in Jobos Bay are Chthamalus stellatus [Poli s stellate barnacle] and Balanus amphitrite [striped barnacle] (Yoshioka, 1975). Oddly, neither species is listed in Table 1. Kolehmainen (1973b) lists 41 algal and 118 animal species found in 1971 1972, and Anonymous (1975b) lists 29 algal and 106 animal species found in 1974 1975 on the roots of red mangroves in Jobos Bay. However, Table 1 only lists 14 (~34 48 %) and 27 (~23 25 %) of these, respectively. The West Indies [=Indian] Manatee, Trichnectus manatus, is mentioned (Laboy Nieves, 2001:55) and illustrated (Laboy Nieves, 2001:Figs. 42, 45), but the bottlenose dolphin, Tursiops truncatus, noted in Jobos Bay by Martin (1973b) is not mentioned. Any popular-science treatment of Jobos Bay should have mentioned the periodical produced there and printed by Sea Grant Bahía de Jobos: Boletin Informativo de la Reserva Nacional de Investigación Estuarina Bahía Jobos. It has been published in Spanish [often also in English] in one volume and three numbers (issues) per year since 1995. Some interesting popular-science topics have been published (e.g., Anonymous, 1996; Pérez, 1995; Santiago Rivera, 1995; Sharpe, 1999; Vélez, 1996); however, only Sharpe (1999) was cited by Laboy Nieves (2001). Tripneutes esculentus (Laboy Nieves, 2001:100) is a junior synonym of Tripneutes ventricosus, West Indian sea egg [T. ventricosus is listed in Laboy Nieves (2001:Appendix V)]. Appendix I (Laboy Nieves, 2001:106 118) does not list Erythrina galuca which was pictured as D in Figure 29. Trees inhabiting the littoral woodland surrounding Jobos Bay (Laboy Nieves, 2001:88). This is apparently an incorrect spelling of E. glauca, which is also a junior synonym of E. fusca, coral bean. Fig. 29H. Bauhinia monandra [Orchid-tree] (Laboy Nieves, 2001:88) is also omitted from Appendix I. Kolehmainen (1973a) reported Diplanthera wrightii [=Halodule wrightii, shoalgrass] and Halophila baillonis [sea vine] from Jobos Bay, but these were not listed in Appendix II (Laboy Nieves, 2001:119 120). Almodovar (1964) stated he found 90 species of algae [We only count 89 in his list] from Jobos Bay, but only 48 species are listed in Appendix II. Appendix IV (Laboy Nieves, 2001:122 128) has few errors [e.g., Striped-headed Tanager, Spindalis zena, is pictured and named in Figure 37 Common birds of Jobos Bay (Laboy Nieves, 2001:95), but is not listed in Appendix IV; Snowy Plover, Pluvialis dominica, is listed (not in Anonymous, 2000), but is only known to occur in Cabo Rojo in Puerto Rico (Raffaelle, 1989); the Green Mango, Anthracothorax dominicus, and Lesser Antillean Pewee, Contopus latirostris, were reported from Jobos Bay by Anonymous (1973), but were not listed (Raffaele, 1989, suggested that the Lesser Antillean Pewee does not occur in Jobos Bay). Clearing up these inconsistencies would have been most useful.]. Agraulis spp. (gulf fritillary, a butterfly), Pachydiplax longipennis (blue dasher, a dragonfly), and Umbonia crassicornis (thorn bug, a leaf hopper), listed in Figure 38 Common arthropods from the Jobos Bay (Laboy Nieves, 2001:96) are not included in Appendix IV. Diploria labyrinthiformis [grooved brain boral] is pictured in Figure 42 Common animals of Jobos Bay (Laboy Nieves, 2001:100), but is not listed in Appendix V (Laboy Nieves, 2001:133). The blue brab, Callinectes sapidus, discussed (Laboy Nieves, 2001:53), illustrated (Laboy Nieves, 2001:99), and listed (Laboy Nieves, 2001:130), is more likely to be the Bocourt swimming crab, C. bocourti. The Bocourt swimming crab is much more common than the rather rare blue crab in Puerto Rico, and unless collected and
258 BULLETIN OF MARINE SCIENCE, VOL. 72, NO. 1, 2003 carefully examined, these two species cannot be distinguished. Excolarana antillensis [=Excorallana antillensis] (Laboy Nieves, 2001:130) is an interesting isopod since it occasionally parasitizes marine fishes. Anonymous (1975a) lists four other species of isopods that sometimes infect fishes (Alcirona krebsii, Excorallana quadricornis, E. sexticornis, and E. tricornis) that were found in Jobos Bay. However, none of these were listed in Appendix V (Laboy Nieves, 2001:130). Appendix VI (Laboy Nieves, 2001:134 141) has few omissions [e.g., graysby, Epinephelus cruentatus, occurs in the bay (pers. observ.), but is not listed, nor was it listed by Anonymous, 1975c, 2000; Martin, 1973a, 1975; Martin and Patus, 1973; however, Garcia and Castro, 1997, did note it from the bay]; and includes a few questionable species [e.g., remora (=shark remora), Remora remora, is an off-shore species unlikely to be seen in the bay; and sailor s choice, Haemulon parrai (=parra), is unlikely to commonly occur in the bay as it is rarely found anywhere in the insular Caribbean, even though Anonymous (2000), Martin (1975), and Martin and Patus (1973) reported it from the bay, but not Garcia and Castro (1997)]. Anonymous. 1973. Bird fauna of Jobos Bay: 1972 census. Pages 254 256. In Aguirre Power Project, Environmental Studies 1972 Annual Report, Puerto Rico Nuclear Center.. 1975a. Aguirre Environmental Studies, Jobos Bay, Puerto Rico, Final Report, June 1975, Puerto Rico Nuclear Center, Volume I:vi. and 95 p.. 1975b. List of species found on mangrove roots in Jobos Bay, 1974-1975. App. J, Pages 162 169. In Aguirre Environmental Studies, Jobos Bay, Puerto Rico, Final Report, June 1975, Puerto Rico Nuclear Center.. 1975c. Seasonal occurrence of [fish] species taken in two or more collections. App. L, Pages 182-184. In Aguirre Environmental Studies, Jobos Bay, Puerto Rico, Final Report, June 1975, Puerto Rico Nuclear Center.. 1996. Contaminación de aguas subterráneas/underground water contamination. Bol. Inform. Res. Nat. Investig. Estuar. Bah. Jobos 2(3):1 3 and 2 p. insert.. 2000. Management plan for the Jobos Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve. Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, Office of the Governor, Planning Board, San Juan, Puerto Rico. 226 p. Garcia, J. R. and R. L. Castro. 1997. Survey of marine communities associated with coral reef, seagrass/algal beds and mangrove root habitats at Jobos Bay Natural [=National] Estuarine Research Reserve System (JOBANERR). Final Report submitted to JOBANERR, DNER/ NOAA. 70 p. Kolehmainen, S. 1973a. Ecology of Turtle Grass (Thalassia testudinum) beds in Jobos Bay. Aguirre Power Project, Environmental Studies 1972 Annual Report, Puerto Rico Nuclear Center 162: 115 140.. 1973b. Ecology of sessile and free-living organisms on mangrove roots in Jobos Bay. Aguirre Power Project, Environmental Studies 1972 Annual Report, Puerto Rico Nuclear Center 162: 141 173. Laboy Nieves, N. L. 2001. Historia natural de la Bahia de Jobos/The natural history of Jobos Bay, Puerto Rico. InterAmerican University at Guayama, Puerto Rico. x + 141 p. Martin, F. D. 1973a. The distribution and ecology of the fishes of Jobos Bay. Aguirre Power Project, Environmental Studies 1972 Annual Report, Puerto Rico Nuclear Center 162: 225 251.. 1973b. Mammals of Jobos Bay. Aguirre Power Project, Environmental Studies 1972 Annual Report, Puerto Rico Nuclear Center 162: 252 253.. 1975. Diversity, seasonal distribution, and feeding ecology of the fishes of Jobos Bay. Aguirre Environmental Studies, Jobos Bay, Puerto Rico, Final Report, June 1975, Puerto Rico Nuclear Center, Vol. 1: 66 71.