APAC PBN UPDATE Slide 1 of xx Ian Mallett
FREE OFFERS! CASA Training DVDs GNSS ADS-B More available from CASA Safety Management System (SMS) Booklet CASA Shop Items www.casa.gov.au Slide 2 of xx
Slide 3 of xx 2000 NM
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1928 NDB 1948 VOR 1950 - ILS 1960 Omega 1960s - INS 1995 - GPS Slide 9 of xx
Slide 10 of xx FIRST IFR GPS RECEIVER
TSO C145/6 RECEIVERS Approved for primary means IFR Slide 11 of xx
GNSS APPROVALS 1995 primary means enroute 15 NM separation standard 1998 GPS non precision approaches 500+ 2004 RNP 10 2006 2006 2007 2011 RNP-AR approaches primary means GNSS GLS Sydney Baro-VNAV approaches Slide 12 of xx
272 Aerodromes 500+ RNAV (GNSS) Approaches Slide 13 of xx
Slide 14 of xx No ADF GPS may be only aid
DOMESTIC RNAV Approved in 1981! Single Inertial/Omega Unit Required 14 NM Separation Standard 7 NM CEP now available AUSEP Available in Australia FIR Slide 15 of xx
RNP RNAV OPERATIONS B737-800 Slide 16 of xx
Slide 17 of xx NG TECHNOLOGIES
Slide 18 of xx SYDNEY GLS
B737- NG RNAV (GNSS) TSO C129 Receiver RAIM CDI Scaling PANS OPS Design Data Base OPS Policy - AIP Pilot training Integrated INS/GPS Uses RNP No Scaling TERPS RNP Company Specific To Be Determined None Mandated Slide 19 of xx
The area under the fog is Lake Wakatipu, which after the fog cleared looks like this.. Slide 20 of xx
Slide 21 of xx Ultimate RNP approach to Queenstown Rwy 05
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RNP-AR BENEFITS Slide 25 of xx Safety Runway aligned DA almost anywhere Lateral & vertical guided approaches CFIT risks reduced Use of automatics Engine INOP solutions Operations Departure uplift Low minima Cost benefit Approval individual airline via Instrument
DATA CONTROL European study 1 bit in 1000 in error in modern a/c data base!! Puts PBN implementation at risk AIS Transition RNP-AR needs special data oversight Pilots cannot detect data base errors Airlines now apply to all the data bases Slide 26 of xx
PBN at Work ILS Arrival/Approach RNP Arrival/Approach Runway High Noise Medium Noise Slide 27 of xx Low Noise Brisbane City Centre
PBN SAVINGS 26 July 2007 through to 25 July 2009, controllers recorded 16,390 Qantas RNP- Special approach operations into Brisbane. 3,100 RNP approaches that resulted in track miles/minutes saved Approximately 55,946 Nautical miles saved Approximately 699,325 kg fuel saved Over 2,237,840 kg CO2 not emitted Slide 28 of xx 300,000+ PBN ops
APV REQUIREMENTS Aircraft certification (Baro-VNAV) Baro System FMC Data base Only 15% IFR aircraft are baro-vnav capable Instrument Approach Design LNAV/VNAV - Pans Ops Provision of accurate baro AWIS (BoM) Pilot training and rating Slide 29 of xx Part 61
APV IMPLEMENTATION Slide 30 of xx Baro-VNAV 15% of Aircraft 11 approaches initially 150+ Funding??? Considerable misunderstanding by crews Vertical advisories SBAS 85% of aircraft Study by Dept of Infrastructure funding?? Other users Regional SBAS?
APV IMPLEMENTATION Trial Baro-VNAV Approaches 10-15 aerodromes Wagga design completed 200 other approaches $30 million! Survey Design and validation AWIB systems Slide 31 of xx
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ADS-B in Australia Slide 34 of xx
Slide 35 of xx FL300
ADS-B MANDATE ADS-B mandate above F290 2103 CAO published Low Level Project cancelled (ATLAS) Means Radars and Nav Aids to be replaced Other aids to be refurbished/replaced $200m+ More costly adoption of APVs Should we mandate GNSS navigation? Slide 36 of xx
PBN TRANSITION PBN Task Force concerns Cannot go directly to RNP-AR Pressure by equipped operators Approval has taken 2-3 years in advanced States High levels of regulatory oversight Airlines have self-imposed restrictions Need basics first WGS-84 Basic GNSS acceptance and use Significant early benefits Data control Pilot, engineer, ATC training and endorsement Slide 37 of xx
PBN IS NOT ATM PBN is a navigation standard Need the other elements Communications Surveillance Common PBN based separation standards Regional implementation Cannot be State only Slide 38 of xx
STATE RULE CONTENTS Aircraft airworthiness requirements Pilot, engineer and ATC training and endorsement Instrument approach design standard ATC route design, separation standards Data control and regulation GNSS recording and reporting Slide 39 of xx
2012 FLIGHT PLAN New Flight Plan Format Nov 2012 * = PBN/ Item 18 annotation Acceptable to ATS? APAC Flight Plan Task Force No carriage but capable aircraft Aircraft PBN overlay approved Can do NDB approach but not ADF fitted How to flight plan? Slide 40 of xx
APAC PBN WORK Regional PBN Plan Regional PBN Task Force Meetings PBN Seminars Training Programs State Plans Review by PBN Task Force Establishment of Flight Procedures Office (Beijing) Involvement in PBN Study Group Change of APV Resolution Slide 41 of xx
DME/DME PBN Slide 42 of xx DME/DME RNAV defined in PBN Seen as primary or backup in US and Europe Significant implementation issues Impact of single DME unserviceability APAC infrastructure cannot support this Do we have a regional back up/ Is it needed? Limit RNP to GNSS? Don t regulate for DME/DME PBN in APAC
A REGIONAL SBAS? APAC cannot meet ICAO APV resolution Limited number of Baro-VNAV aircraft Need 100% LPV = Need SBAS (or wait for enhanced constellations/equipment) How to progress a Regional SBAS PBN Task Force APEC GNSS Implementation Team (GIT) Successful SBAS trial Slide 43 of xx
AUSTRALIAN PBN EXPERIENCE Slide 44 of xx Basic Navigation Regulations in place Very high level of industry acceptance Significant safety and financial benefits Transition to GNSS expected by industry Significant work required Internal standards development ASTRA Industry Body Technology before the Regulations! eg B737 800 RNP
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SATCOM VOICE ICAO - Not for ATC Purposes See AIC Issues No message delivery standards Human Factors of Voice No time stamp Aircraft integration including recorders Taken up with ICAO Allowed for one HF substitution in Nat Tracks Slide 46 of xx
REGIONAL ISSUES Lack of State rules for GNSS WGS-84 not completed Lack of GNSS straight in approaches New ICAO Resolution on APV Safety issue going straight to RNP-AR Lack of instrument approach designers Need for APAC air-route review Slide 47 of xx
ICAO global PBN navigation specifications RNAV 5 RNAV 1 & 2 RNP 2 RNP 1 RNAV 5 RNAV 1 & 2 RNP 2 RNP 1 RNAV 10 RNP 4 Dual RNAV/RNP specifications Global specifications Performance based Prescribed performance requirements Single approval required global recognition between regulators RNAV 5 RNAV 1 & 2 RNP 2 RNP 1 RNAV 5 RNAV 1 & 2 RNAV 10 RNP 2 RNP 4 RNP 1 RNAV 5 RNAV 1 & 2 RNP 2 RNAV 10 RNP 1 RNP 4 RNAV 5 RNAV 1 & 2 RNP 2 RNP 1 Slide 48 of xx
PBN navigation specifications planned for APAC* RNAV 10 RNP 4 RNAV 5 RNAV 2 RNAV 1 RNP 2 RNP 1 RNP APCH RNP AR APCH RNAV 10 RNP 4 RNAV 10 RNP 4 *Based on PBN TF7 review of State plans Slide 49 of xx
GNSS enabled RNP navigation specifications All RNP specifications RNAV 10 RNAV 5 RNAV 2 RNAV 1 RNAV 10 RNAV 5 RNAV 2 RNAV 1 Seamless interoperable regional ATM Slide 50 of xx
Proposed APAC regional RNP framework PBN RNAV RNP RNAV 10 RNP 4 RNAV 5 RNP 2 RNAV 2 RNP 1 RNAV 1 RNP 0.3 RNP APCH RNP AR APCH Slide 51 of xx
ISSUES Education and training Skill shortages instrument approach designers Variation in State capabilities State rule sets, pressure by operators Confusion over PBN Standards Ie RNP 0.3 is an enroute standard Advanced RNP? Exclusive airspace? Social issues Noise vs Carbon!! Slide 52 of xx
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QUESTIONS DISCUSSION Slide 54 of xx
CONTACT Ian Mallett +61 2 6217 1736 +61 2 6217 1700 fax +61 2 418 259 626 Mobile Ian.mallett@casa.gov.au Slide 55 of xx
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ICAO 37th General Assembly Resolution A37/11 which supersedes Resolution A36-23 a)states complete a PBN implementation plan as a matter of urgency to achieve: 2) implementation of approach procedures with vertical guidance (APV) (Baro- VNAV and/or augmented GNSS), including LNAV only minima, for all instrument runway ends, either as the primary approach or as a back-up for precision approaches by 2016 with intermediate milestones as follows: 30 per cent by 2010, 70 per cent by 2014; and 3) implementation of straight-in LNAV only procedures, as an exception to 2) above, for instrument runways at aerodromes where there is no local altimeter setting available and where there are no aircraft suitably equipped for APV operations with a maximum certificated take-off mass of 5 700 kg or more; Slide 57 of xx