Part 61 Check List Student, Private, Commercial, Recreational and Sport Pilots Pilot, Added Ratings Instrument Rating, and Flight Instructor Certificates Including Added Ratings 61.83 Eligibility requirements for student pilots. To be eligible for a student pilot certificate, an applicant must: U.S. Citizen Verification or TSA Approval. Student Pilot 61.83 61.89 Be at least 16 years of age for other than the operation of a glider or balloon. Be able to read, speak, write, and understand the English language. Title 49: Transportation PART 1552 Flight Schools Subpart A Flight Training for Aliens and Other Designated Individuals 1552.3 Flight training. U.S. citizens and nationals and Department of Defense endorsees. A flight school must determine whether an individual is a citizen or national of the United States, or a Department of Defense endorsee, prior to providing flight training to the individual. 1. U.S. citizens and nationals. To establish U.S. citizenship or nationality an individual must present to the flight school his or her: a. Valid, unexpired United States passport; Recordkeeping requirements. A flight school must 1. Maintain the following information for a minimum of 5 years: a. For each candidate: i. A copy of the photograph required under paragraph (a)(3), (b)(1)(iii), (c)(3), or (d)(2)(viii) of this section; and ii. A copy of the approval sent by TSA confirming the candidate's eligibility for flight training. TSA Citizenship Verification: 1552.3(h) I certify that has presented to me a United States Passport establishing that he is a U.S. Citizen or national in accordance with 49 CFR 1552.3(h) Page 1
61.87 Solo requirements for student pilots. General. A student pilot may not operate an aircraft in solo flight unless that student has met the requirements of this section. The term solo flight means that flight time during which a student pilot is the sole occupant of the aircraft. Posses a minimum of a 3 rd class medical. Aeronautical knowledge. A student pilot must demonstrate satisfactory aeronautical knowledge on a knowledge test that meets the requirements: 1) The test must address the student pilot's knowledge of a) Applicable sections of parts 61 and 91; b) Airspace rules and procedures for the airport where the solo flight will be performed; c) Flight characteristics and operational limitations for the make and model of aircraft to be flown. 2) The student's authorized instructor must a) Administer the test; b) At the end of the test, review all incorrect answers with the student before authorizing a solo flight. Pre- solo flight training. Prior to conducting a solo flight, a student pilot must have: 1. Received and logged flight training for the maneuvers and procedures of Part 61 that are appropriate to the make and model of aircraft to be flown; 2. Demonstrated satisfactory proficiency and safety, as judged by an authorized instructor, on the maneuvers and procedures required by Part 61 in the make and model of aircraft or similar make and model of aircraft to be flown. (SAFE doesn t mean it has to be to PTS standards at the particular level of training) Maneuvers and procedures received and logged flight training for the following maneuvers and procedures: DATE Maneuvers and procedures Logbook requirements PART 61.87(d)(1 15) in order to do SOLO ENDORSEMENT INSTRUCTOR TIME ENDORSEMENT THIS LESSON SUBJECT(S) Proper flight preparation procedures, including preflight planning and preparation, powerplant operation, and aircraft systems 61.87(d)(1) Taxiing or surface operations, including runups 61.87(d)(2) Takeoffs and landings, including normal and crosswind 61.87(d)(3) Straight and level flight, and turns in both directions 61.87(d)(4) Climbs and climbing turns 61.87(d)(5) Airport traffic patterns, including entry and departure procedures 61.87(d)(6) Collision avoidance, windshear avoidance, and wake turbulence avoidance 61.87(d)(7) Descents, with and without turns, using high and low drag configurations 61.87(d)(8) Flight at various airspeeds from cruise to slow flight 61.87(d)(9) Stall entries from various flight attitudes & power combinations with recovery initiated at first indication of a stall, & recovery from a full stall 61.87(d)(10) Emergency procedures and equipment malfunctions 61.87(d)(11) Ground reference maneuvers 61.87(d)(12) Approaches to a landing area with simulated engine 61.87(d)(13) Slips to a landing 61.87(d)(14) TOTAL ACCUMULATED Page 2
Go- arounds 61.87(d)(15) 61.89(a) General limitations. A student pilot may not act as pilot in command of an aircraft: 1) That is carrying a passenger; 2) That is carrying property for compensation or hire; 3) For compensation or hire; 4) In furtherance of a business; 5) On an international flight; 6) With a flight or surface visibility of less than 3 statute miles during daylight hours or 5 statute miles at night; 7) When the flight cannot be made with visual reference to the surface; 8) In a manner contrary to any limitations placed in the pilot's logbook by an authorized instructor. 9) May not fly into Class B airspace or land at a Class B airport without specific endorsement. Limitations on flight instructors authorizing solo flight. No instructor may authorize a student pilot to perform a solo flight unless that instructor has 1) Given that student pilot training in the make and model of aircraft or a similar make and model of aircraft in which the solo flight is to be flown; 2) Determined the student pilot is proficient in the maneuvers and procedures prescribed in this section; 3) Determined the student pilot is proficient in the make and model of aircraft to be flown; 4) Ensured that the student pilot's certificate has been endorsed by an instructor authorized to provide flight training for the specific make and model aircraft to be flown; 5) Endorsed the student pilot's logbook for the specific make and model aircraft to be flown, and that endorsement remains current for solo flight privileges, provided an authorized instructor updates the student's logbook every 90 days thereafter. A student pilot may not act as a required pilot flight crewmember on any aircraft for which more than one pilot is required by the type certificate of the aircraft or regulations under which the flight is conducted, except when receiving flight training from an authorized instructor on board an airship, and no person other than a required flight crewmember is carried on the aircraft. Limitations on student pilots operating an aircraft in solo flight. Page 3
SOLO Endorsement Steps: 1. Solo Endorsement: 25nm only a. Student can take off and land only at home airport b. Can fly within 25nm radius of home airport c. No Cross Country training is required at this point 2. Extended distance Endorsement: up to 50nm a. Must have completed Cross Country training 61.93 with some Gotchas. i. Must include Short & Soft field take offs and landing training ii. Must have received training on climbing using Vx and Vy iii. Instrument flight training b. Can now fly up to 50nm distance to another airport and land i. Requires training to and at the other airport in both directions c. Endorsement to specific airport can be repeated without renewal 3. Cross Country to another airport: Exceeding 50nm a. Must complete the Cross Country training required by 61.93: b. Necessary for any flight farther than 50nm c. Must have a new endorsement for every flight to be made d. CFI must review and certify that the students can make the flight under the known condition for each flight. Page 4
In order to perform solo flight a student pilot must have received 1) An endorsement from an authorized instructor on his or her student pilot certificate for the specific make and model aircraft to be flown; 61.87(n)(1) Date Back of Student Pilots Certificate in the To Solo Section. Make and Model Instructor Instructor Cert. Aircraft Signature No. Exp. Date 2/26/2010 Cessna C172S Joe Pilot 123456789 CFI 5/31/2012 OPTIONAL ENDORSEMENT (not FAA required) 2) An endorsement in the student's logbook for the specific make and model aircraft to be flown and the location of the specific airport the student is authorized at by an authorized instructor, who administered and graded the knowledge written test. Presolo aeronautical knowledge: 61.87(b) has satisfactorily completed a pre- solo written examination demonstrating knowledge of the operations of Parts 61 and 91 applicable to student pilot, the airspace rules and procedures for airport, and the flight characteristics and operational limitations for a (Make/Model) 3) An endorsement in the student's logbook for the specific make and model aircraft to be flown by an authorized instructor who gave the flight training in maneuvers and procedures required by part 61. Presolo flight training: 61.87(c) I have given the flight training required by 61.87(c) in a (Make/Model). He/She has demonstrated proficiency in the applicable maneuvers and procedures listed in 61.87(d) (1 through 15), and is proficient to make safe solo flights in a (Make/Model) Limitations 61.89(a) (8): 4) An endorsement in the student's logbook for the specific make and model aircraft to be flown by an authorized instructor, who gave the training required to permit student solo flight. Use this Endorsement after the above Endorsement expires (90 days) for each additional 90 days. Solo (each additional 90- day period): 61.87(p)(v) I have given the training required by 61.87(n). He/She has met the requirements of 61.87(p) and is proficient to make safe solo flights in a. (Make/Model) Limitations 61.89(a) (8):. Copyright 2012 AnywhereEducation Inc. Tampa, FL. USA. http://anywhereeducation.com Page 5
Limitations on student pilots operating an aircraft in solo flight at night. In order to perform solo flight a student pilot must have received: 1) Flight training at night on night flying procedures that includes takeoffs, approaches, landings, and go- arounds at night at the airport where the solo flight will be conducted; 2) Navigation training at night in the vicinity of the airport where the solo flight will be conducted; and 3) An endorsement in the student's logbook for the specific make and model aircraft to be flown for night solo flight by an authorized instructor who gave the training within the 90- day period preceding the date of the flight. Solo flight training at night: 61.87(c) and (o) I have given the flight training required by 61.87(c) and (o) in a (Make/Model) He/She has demonstrated proficiency in the applicable maneuvers and procedures listed in 61.87(d) (1 through 15), and 61.87(o), and is proficient to make safe solo flights at night in a (Make/Model) Limitations 61.89(a) (8):. Authorization to perform certain solo flights and cross- country flights. A student pilot must obtain an endorsement from an authorized instructor to make solo flights from the airport where the student pilot normally receives training to another location. A student pilot who receives this endorsement must comply with the requirements of this paragraph. 1) Solo flights may be made to another airport that is within 25 nautical miles from the airport where the student pilot normally receives training, provided a) An authorized instructor has given the student pilot flight training at the other airport, and that training includes flight in both directions over the route, entering and exiting the traffic pattern, and takeoffs and landings at the other airport; b) The authorized instructor who gave the training endorses the student pilot's logbook authorizing the flight; c) student pilot has a solo flight endorsement in accordance with 61.87 of this part; d) The authorized instructor has determined that the student pilot is proficient to make the flight; and e) The purpose of the flight is to practice takeoffs and landings at that other airport. Solo landings and takeoffs at another airport within 25nm: 61.93(b)(1) I have given the flight training required by 61.93(b)(1) to and find him/her proficient to practice landings and takeoffs at airport. Landings and takeoffs airport are authorized subject to the following conditions: NOTE: Up to this point no Cross Country Training has to have been accomplished. Page 6
61.93 Solo cross- country flight requirements. In order to perform solo Cross Country flights General. 1. Except as provided in paragraph (b) of this section, a student pilot must meet the requirements of this section before a. Conducting a solo cross- country flight, or any flight greater than 25 nautical miles from the airport from where the flight originated. b. Making a solo flight and landing at any location other than the airport of origination. 2. Except as provided in paragraph (b) of this section, a student pilot who seeks solo cross- country flight privileges must: a. Have received flight training from an instructor authorized to provide flight training on the maneuvers and procedures of this section that are appropriate to the make and model of aircraft for which solo cross- country privileges are sought; b. Have demonstrated cross- country proficiency on the appropriate maneuvers and procedures of this section to an authorized instructor; c. Have satisfactorily accomplished the pre- solo flight maneuvers and procedures required by 61.87 of this part in the make and model of aircraft or similar make and model of aircraft for which solo cross- country privileges are sought; and d. Comply with any limitations included in the authorized instructor's endorsement that are required by paragraph (c) of this section. 3. A student pilot who seeks solo cross- country flight privileges must have received ground and flight training from an authorized instructor on the cross- country maneuvers and procedures listed in this section that are appropriate to the aircraft to be flown. Limitations on authorized instructors to permit solo cross- country flights. An authorized instructor may not permit a student pilot to conduct a solo cross- country flight unless that instructor has: 1) Determined that the student's cross- country planning is correct for the flight; 2) Reviewed the current and forecast weather conditions and has determined that the flight can be completed under VFR; 3) Determined that the student is proficient to conduct the flight safely; 4) Determined that the student has the appropriate solo cross- country endorsement for the make and model of aircraft to be flown; and 5) Determined that the student's solo flight endorsement is current for the make and model aircraft to be flown. Maneuvers and procedures for cross- country flight training in a single- engine airplane. A student pilot who is receiving training for cross- country flight in a single- engine airplane must receive and log flight training in the following maneuvers and procedures: Page 7
Maneuvers and procedures (Logbook requirements PART 61.93(e)(1 12)) in order to give the ENDORSEMENT to certify the cross country training has been done satisfactorily.. DATE SUBJECT(S) Use of aeronautical charts for VFR navigation using pilotage and dead reckoning with the aid of a magnetic compass 61.93(e)(1) Use of aircraft performance charts pertaining to cross- country flight 61.93(e)(2) Procurement and analysis of aeronautical weather reports and forecasts, including recognition of critical weather situations and estimating visibility while in flight 61.93(e)(3) Emergency procedures 61.93(e)(4) Traffic pattern procedures that include area departure, area arrival, entry into the traffic pattern, and approach 61.93(e)(5) Procedures and operating practices for collision avoidance, wake turbulence precautions, and windshear avoidance 61.93(e)(6) Recognition, avoidance, and operational restrictions of hazardous terrain features in the geographical area where the cross- country flight will be flown 61.93(e)(7) Procedures for operating the instruments and equipment installed in the aircraft to be flown, including recognition and use of the proper operational procedures and indications 61.93(e)(8) Use of radios for VFR navigation and two- way communications 61.93(e)(9) Takeoff, approach, and landing procedures, including short- field, soft- field, and crosswind takeoffs, approaches, and landings 61.93(d)(10) Climbs at best angle and best rate 61.93(e)(11) Control and maneuvering solely by reference to flight instruments, including straight and level flight, turns, descents, climbs, use of radio aids, and ATC directives 61.93(e)(12) INSTRUCTOR ENDORSEMENT TIME THIS LESSON TOTAL ACCUMULATED Page 8
Student Pilot Certificate Endorsement Endorsements for solo cross- country flights. Except as specified in paragraph (b)(2) of this section, a student pilot must have the endorsements prescribed in this paragraph for each cross- country flight: 1) Student pilot certificate endorsement. A student pilot must have a solo cross- country endorsement from the authorized instructor who conducted the training, and that endorsement must be placed on that person's student pilot certificate for the specific category of aircraft to be flown. Date Back of Student Pilots Certificate in the To Make Solo Cross- Country Flights Section Make and Model Instructor Instructor Cert. Aircraft Signature No. Exp. Date 5/26/2010 Aircraft Category Airplane Glider Rotorcraft Joe Pilot 123456789 CFI 5/26/2012 Logbook Endorsements Initial solo cross- country flight: 61.93(c)(2) I have given the training required by 61.93(3). He/She has met the requirements of 61.93(e) (1 through 12) as appropriate and is proficient to make safe solo cross- country flights in a.(make/model) 2) Repeated specific solo cross- country flights may be made to another airport that is within 50 nautical miles of the airport from which the flight originated, provided a) The authorized instructor has given the student flight training in both directions over the route, including entering and exiting the traffic patterns, takeoffs, and landings at the airports to be used; b) The authorized instructor who gave the training has endorsed the student's logbook certifying that the student is proficient to make such flights; c) The student has a solo flight endorsement in accordance with 61.87 of part 61; d) The student has a solo cross country flight endorsement in accordance with paragraph (c) of this section; however, for repeated solo cross country flights to another airport within 50 nautical miles from which the flight originated, separate endorsements are not required to be made for each flight. Page 9
Repeated Solo Cross Country flights not more than 50 nm from the point of departure: 61.93(b)(2) I have given flight training in both directions over the route between airport and airport, including entering and exiting the traffic pattern, takeoffs, and landings at the airports to be used, and find him/her proficient to conduct repeated solo cross- country flights over that route, subject to the following conditions: 2) Logbook endorsement. a) A student pilot must have a solo cross- country endorsement from an authorized instructor that is placed in the student pilot's logbook for the specific make and model of aircraft to be flown. b) For each cross- country flight, the authorized instructor who reviews the cross- country planning must make an endorsement in the person's logbook after reviewing that person's cross- country planning, as specified in paragraph (d) of this section. The endorsement must i) Specify the make and model of aircraft to be flown; ii) State that the student's preflight planning and preparation is correct and that the student is prepared to make the flight safely under the known conditions; and iii) State that any limitations required by the student's authorized instructor are met. Each solo cross- country flight: 61.93(c)(2)(ii) After reviewing the cross- country planning of, I attest that the preflight planning and preparation is correct, and that he/she is prepared to make the solo flight safely under the known circumstances from to to to via (Route) with landings at and and in a.(make/model) Limitations 61.89(a)(8): Page 10
61.95 Operations in Class B airspace and at airports located within Class B airspace. 1) A student pilot may not operate an aircraft on a solo flight in Class B airspace unless: a) The student pilot has received both ground and flight training from an authorized instructor on that Class B airspace area, and the flight training was received in the specific Class B airspace area for which solo flight is authorized; b) The logbook of that student pilot has been endorsed by the authorized instructor who gave the student pilot flight training, and the endorsement is dated within the 90- day period preceding the date of the flight in that Class B airspace area; and c) The logbook endorsement specifies that the student pilot has received the required ground and flight training, and has been found proficient to conduct solo flight in that specific Class B airspace area. Solo flight in Class B airspace: 61.95(a) I have given the ground and flight training required by 61.95(a), and find him/her proficient to conduct solo flight in the San Francisco (SFO) Class B airspace. 2) A student pilot may not operate an aircraft on a solo flight to, from, or at an airport located within Class B airspace pursuant to 91.131(b) of this chapter unless: a) The student pilot has received both ground and flight training from an instructor authorized to provide training to operate at that airport, and the flight and ground training has been received at the specific airport for which the solo flight is authorized; b) The logbook of that student pilot has been endorsed by an authorized instructor who gave the student pilot flight training, and the endorsement is dated within the 90- day period preceding the date of the flight at that airport; and c) The logbook endorsement specifies that the student pilot has received the required ground and flight training, and has been found proficient to conduct solo flight operations at that specific airport. Solo flight to, from, or at an airport located within Class B airspace: 61.95(b) and 81.131(b)(iv) I have given the ground and flight training required by 61.95(b), and find him/her proficient to conduct solo flight operations at Airport. Page 11
61.103 Eligibility requirements: General. To be eligible for a private pilot certificate, a person must: Private Pilot Certification 61.103 61.117 Be at least 17 years of age for a rating in other than a glider or balloon. Be able to read, speak, write, and understand the English language. Hold a U.S. student pilot certificate, sport pilot certificate, or recreational pilot certificate. 61.105 Aeronautical knowledge. (May be waived with an Endorsement if student did home study) General. A person who is applying for a private pilot certificate must receive and log ground training from an authorized instructor or complete a home- study course on the aeronautical knowledge areas of 61.105(b) (1 through 13) that apply to the aircraft category and class rating sought. Aeronautical knowledge areas. DATE Private Pilot Aeronautical Knowledge Logbook requirements PART 61.105(b)(1 13) INSTRUCTOR TIME SUBJECT(S) ENDORSEMENT THIS LESSON Applicable Federal Aviation Regulations of this chapter that relate to private pilot privileges, limitations, and flight operations 61.105(b)(1) Accident reporting requirements of the National Transportation Safety Board 61.105(b)(2) Use of the applicable portions of the Aeronautical Information Manual and FAA advisory circulars 61.105(b)(3) Use of aeronautical charts for VFR navigation using pilotage, dead reckoning, and navigation systems 61.105(b)(4) Radio communication procedures 61.105(b)(5) Recognition of critical weather situations from the ground and in flight, windshear avoidance, and the procurement and use of aeronautical weather reports and forecasts 61.105(b)(6) Safe and efficient operation of aircraft, including collision avoidance, and recognition and avoidance of wake turbulence 61.105(b)(7) Effects of density altitude on takeoff and climb performance 61.105(b)(8) Weight and balance computations 61.105(b)(9) Principles of aerodynamics, powerplants, and aircraft systems 61.105(b)(10) Stall awareness, spin entry, spins, and spin recovery techniques for the airplane and glider category ratings 61.105(b)(11) Aeronautical decision making and judgment 61.105(b)(12) Preflight action that includes 61.105(b)(13) 1) How to obtain information on runway lengths at airports of intended use, data on takeoff and landing distances, weather reports and forecasts, and fuel requirements 61.105(b)(13)(i) 2) How to plan for alternatives if the planned flight cannot be completed or delays are encountered 61.105(b)(13)(ii) TOTAL ACCUMULATED Page 12
61.107 Flight proficiency. (Both Flight and Ground Training Required) General. A person who applies for a private pilot certificate must receive and log ground and flight training from an authorized instructor on the areas of operation of this section that apply to the aircraft category and class rating sought. Areas of operation. (1) For an airplane category rating with a single- engine class rating: DATE Private Pilot Flight Proficiency Logbook requirements PART 61.107 (a)(b)(1)(i through xii) INSTRUCTOR TIME SUBJECT(S) ENDORSEMENT THIS LESSON Preflight preparation 61.107(b)(1)(i) Preflight procedures 61.107(b)(1)(ii) Airport and seaplane base operations 61.107(b)(1)(iii) Takeoffs, landings, and go- arounds 61.107(b)(1)(iv) Performance maneuvers 61.107(b)(1)(v) Ground reference maneuvers 61.107(b)(1)(vi) Navigation 61.107(b)(1)(vii) Slow flight and stalls 61.107(b)(1)(viii) Basic instrument maneuvers 61.107(b)(1)(ix) Emergency operations 61.107(b)(1)(x) Night operations, except as provided in 61.110 of this part 61.107(b)(1)(xi) Postflight procedures 61.107(b)(1)(xii) TOTAL ACCUMULATED Page 13
61.109(a) Aeronautical experience. For an airplane single- engine rating. Except as provided in paragraph (k) of this section, a person who applies for a private pilot certificate with an airplane category and single- engine class rating must log at least 40 hours of flight time that includes at least 20 hours of flight training from an authorized instructor and 10 hours of solo flight training in the areas of operation listed in 61.107(b)(1) of this part, and the training must include at least 1) 3 hours of cross- country flight training in a single- engine airplane; 2) Except as provided in 61.110 of this part, 3 hours of night flight training in a single- engine airplane that includes a) One cross- country flight of over 100 nautical miles total distance; and b) 10 takeoffs and 10 landings to a full stop (with each landing involving a flight in the traffic pattern) at an airport. 3) 3 hours of flight training in a single- engine airplane on the control and maneuvering of an airplane solely by reference to instruments, including straight and level flight, constant airspeed climbs and descents, turns to a heading, recovery from unusual flight attitudes, radio communications, and the use of navigation systems/facilities and radar services appropriate to instrument flight; 4) 3 hours of flight training with an authorized instructor in a single- engine airplane in preparation for the practical test, which must have been performed within the preceding 2 calendar months from the month of the test; 61.39(6)(i) 5) 10 hours of solo flight time in a single- engine airplane, consisting of at least a) 5 hours of solo cross- country time; b) One solo cross country flight of 150 nautical miles total distance, with full- stop landings at three points, and one segment of the flight consisting of a straight- line distance of more than 50 nautical miles between the takeoff and landing locations; and c) Three takeoffs and three landings to a full stop (with each landing involving a flight in the traffic pattern) at an airport with an operating control tower. Private Aeronautical Experience Checklist Requirements Presently Has Still Needs At least 40 hours of flight time At least 20 hours of flight with an authorized instructor, including: 3 hours of flight training solely by reference to instruments 3 hours of cross- country 3 hours of night flight, including: One cross- country flight of over 100nm total distance 10 takeoffs and 10 landings to a full stop 10 hours solo, including: 5 hours of solo cross- country One solo cross- country flight of at least 150nm total distance with full stop landings at a minimum of 3 points, and 1 segment of the flight consisting of straight- line distance of at least 50nm between the takeoff and landing locations. 3 takeoffs and 3 landings to a full stop at an airport with an operating control tower. 3 hours of flight training in preparation for the practical test within 60 days preceding the date of the test Page 14
In order to take Private Pilot practical test Receive a logbook endorsement from an authorized instructor who: Conducted the training or reviewed the person's home study on the aeronautical knowledge areas listed in 61.105(b) of this part that apply to the aircraft rating sought; and Certified that the person is prepared for the required knowledge test 61.35(a)(1) and provide logbook endorsement. Hold at least a current 3 rd class medical and student pilot certificate. Private Pilot Aeronautical Knowledge Test: 61.35(a)(1) and 61.105(b) I certify that I have given the ground training required by 61.105(b), and that he/she is prepared for the Private Pilot aeronautical knowledge test. NOTE: If the student has completed a home study aeronautical study course rather than instructor trained, use this endorsement. Private Pilot Home Study Aeronautical Knowledge: 61.35(a)(1) 61.105(a)(b) I certify that I have reviewed s home study course of the applicable areas required by 61.105(b) and find him/her prepared for the private pilot aeronautical knowledge test. Pass the required knowledge test on the aeronautical knowledge areas listed in 61.105(b) of this part. NOTE: In the advent that there are questions answered incorrectly on the knowledge test the following Endorsement is required. Private Pilot aeronautical knowledge test deficiency review: 61.39(6)(iii) I certify that I have reviewed the knowledge test results with per 61.39(6)(iii), and resolved any deficient areas. Page 15
Receive flight training and a logbook endorsement from an authorized instructor who conducted the training in the areas of operation listed in 61.107(b) of this part that apply to the aircraft rating sought; and certified that the person is prepared for the required practical test. Private Pilot flight proficiency: 61.107(b) I certify that I have given the ground and flight training required by 61.107(b) (1) (i through xii), and find him/her proficient to perform each area of operation safely as a private pilot, and that he is prepared for the required practical test. Meet the aeronautical experience requirements of this part that apply to the aircraft rating sought before applying for the practical test. Private Pilot aeronautical experience: 61.109(a) and 61.39(a)(6)(i) I certify that has received 3 hours of flight training in the preparation for the practical test in a Cessna C- 172S single- engine airplane within the preceding two calendar months and I have determined that he/she is prepared for the Private Pilot practical test. Pass a practical test on the areas of operation listed in 61.107(b) of this part that apply to the aircraft rating sought. NOTE: In the advent of a possible failure of the practical test, the following Endorsement is required. Additional Private Pilot post practical test training for deficiencies: 61.49(a)(1)(2) I certify that has received the additional flight and ground training as required by 61.49(a)(1). I have determined that he/she is prepared for the Private Pilot practical test. Comply with the appropriate sections of this part that apply to the aircraft category and class rating sought. Page 16
61.110 Night flying exceptions. Subject to the limitations of paragraph (b) of this section, a person is not required to comply with the night flight training requirements of this subpart if the person receives flight training in and resides in the State of Alaska. A person who receives flight training in and resides in the State of Alaska but does not meet the night flight training requirements of this section: 1) May be issued a pilot certificate with a limitation Night flying prohibited ; and 2) Must comply with the appropriate night flight training requirements of this subpart within the 12- calendar- month period after the issuance of the pilot certificate. At the end of that period, the certificate will become invalid for use until the person complies with the appropriate night training requirements of this subpart. The person may have the Night flying prohibited limitation removed if the person a) Accomplishes the appropriate night flight training requirements of this subpart; and b) Presents to an examiner a logbook or training record endorsement from an authorized instructor that verifies accomplishment of the appropriate night flight training requirements of this subpart. A person who does not meet the night flying requirements in 61.109(d)(2), (i)(2), or (j)(2) may be issued a private pilot certificate with the limitation Night flying prohibited. This limitation may be removed by an examiner if the holder complies with the requirements of 61.109(d)(2), (i)(2), or (j)(2), as appropriate. 61.113 Private pilot privileges and limitations: Pilot in command. Except as provided in paragraphs (b) through (g) of this section, no person who holds a private pilot certificate may act as pilot in command of an aircraft that is carrying passengers or property for compensation or hire; nor may that person, for compensation or hire, act as pilot in command of an aircraft. Private pilot may, for compensation or hire, act as PIC of an aircraft in connection with any business or employment if: (1) The flight is only incidental to that business or employment; and (2) The aircraft does not carry passengers or property for compensation or hire. A private pilot may not pay less than the pro rata share of the operating expenses of a flight with passengers, provided the expenses involve only fuel, oil, airport expenditures, or rental fees. A private pilot may act as pilot in command of a charitable, nonprofit, or community event flight described in 91.146, if the sponsor and pilot comply with the requirements of 91.146. A private pilot may be reimbursed for aircraft operating expenses that are directly related to search and location operations. 1) A local, State, or Federal agency; or 2) An organization that conducts search and location operations. A private pilot who is an aircraft salesman and who has at least 200 hours of logged flight time may demonstrate an aircraft in flight to a prospective buyer. A private pilot who meets the requirements of 61.69 may act as a pilot in command of an aircraft towing a glider or unpowered ultra- light vehicle. Page 17
Private Pilot Certification ADDITIONAL RATING - AMEL 61.63 61.63 Additional aircraft ratings (other than for ratings at the airline transport pilot certification level) To be eligible for an additional aircraft rating i.e adding an multi engine land rating to an existing Private pilot certificate, a person must: Have a logbook or training record endorsement from an authorized instructor attesting that the person was found competent in the appropriate aeronautical knowledge areas and proficient in the appropriate areas of operation Pass the practical test NEED NOT meet the specified training time requirements prescribed by this part that apply to the pilot certificate for the aircraft rating sought NEED NOT take an additional knowledge test. LOGBOOK ENTRIES TO DEMONSTRATE YOU HAVE GIVEN THE REQUIRED INSTRUCTION DATE SUBJECT(S) Applicable Federal Aviation Regulations of this chapter that relate to Private pilot privileges, limitations, and flight operations 61.105(b)(1) Accident reporting requirements of the NTSB 61.105(b)(2) Use of the applicable portions of the AIM and FAA advisory circulars 61.105(b)(3) Use of aeronautical charts for VFR navigation using pilotage, dead reckoning and navigation systems 61.105(b)(4) Radio communication procedures 61.105(b)(5) Recognition of critical weather situations from the ground and in flight, windshear avoidance, and the procurement and use of aeronautical weather reports and forecasts 61.105(b)(6) Safe and efficient operation of aircraft, inlucding collision avoidance and recognition and avoidance of wake turbulence 61.105(b)(7) Effects of density altitude on takeoff and climb performance 61.105(b)(8) Weight and balance computations 61.105(b)(9) Principles of aerodynamics, powerplants and aircraft systems 61.105(b)(10) Stall awareness, spin entry, spins, and spin recovery techniques 61.105(b)(11) Aeronautical decision making and judgment61.105(b)(12) Preflight action: How to obtain information on runway lengths at airport of intended use, data on takeoff and landing distances, weather reports and forecasts and fuel requirements and: How to plan for alternatives if the planned flight cannot be completed or delays are encountered 61.105(b)(13) INSTRUCTOR ENDORSEMENT TIME THIS LESSON TOTAL ACCUMULATED Page 18
DATE Private Pilot Flight Proficiency Logbook requirements PART 61.107 (a)(b)(1)(i through xiii) INSTRUCTOR TIME SUBJECT(S) ENDORSEMENT THIS LESSON Preflight preparation 61.107 (a)(b)(2)(i) Preflight procedures 61.107 (a)(b)(2)(ii) Airport and seaplane base operations 61.107 (a)(b)(2)(iii) Takeoffs, landings, and go- arounds 61.107 (a)(b)(2)(iv) Performance maneuvers 61.107 (a)(b)(2)(v) Ground reference maneuvers 61.107 (a)(b)(2)(vi) Navigation 61.107 (a)(b)(2)(vii) Slow flight and stalls 61.107 (a)(b)(2)(viii) Basic instrument maneuvers 61.107 (a)(b)(2)(ix) Emergency operations 61.107 (a)(b)(2)(x) Multiengine operations 61.107 (a)(b)(2)(xi) Night operations 61.107 (a)(b)(2)(xii) Postflight procedures 61.107 (a)(b)(2)(xiii) TOTAL ACCUMULATED NO 61.109 AERONAUTICAL EXPERIENCE REQUIREMENTS NEED TO BE MET - INSTRUCT TO PROFICIENCY IN THE AERONAUTICAL AND FLIGHT PROFICIENCY AREAS IN 61.105 AND 61.107. COMPLETION STANDARDS ARE TO THE PRIVATE PILOT AMEL PRACTICAL TEST STANDARDS Page 19
In order to take Private Pilot additional rating practical test Receive a logbook endorsement from an authorized instructor who: Conducted the training Certified that the person is prepared for the practical test by providing a logbook endorsement. Hold at least a current 3 rd class medical. NOTE: Following 2 endorsements are options that may be required based on the aircraft to be used. Receive a logbook endorsement for complex airplane operation from an authorized instructor. PIC Complex airplane: 61.31(e) I certify that I have given ground and flight training in a complex airplane to, holder of pilot certificate, and find him/her proficient in the operation and systems of a complex airplane Receive a logbook endorsement for high performance airplane operation from an authorized instructor. PIC High performance airplane: 61.31(f) I certify that I have given ground and flight training in a high performance airplane to, holder of pilot certificate, and find him/her proficient in the operation and systems of a high performance airplane Receive a logbook endorsement that the student is ready for the practical test from an authorized instructor. Addition of a Multi Engine Land class rating on an existing Private Pilot Certificate: 61.63 (c)(1) I certify that I have given the ground and flight instruction required by Far 61.63 (c)(1), and that he/she is prepared to pass a practical test for the addition of a Multi Engine Land class rating on their existing Private pilot certificate. Page 20
NOTE: This endorsement may be required to allow the pilot to be PIC of a multi engine airplane on a practical test Presolo flight training: 61.87(c) I have given the flight training required by 61.87(c) in a (Make/Model). He/She has demonstrated proficiency in the applicable maneuvers and procedures listed in 61.87(e) (1 through 14), and is proficient to make safe solo flights in a (Make/Model) Limitations 61.89(a) (8): NOTE: In the advent of a failure of the practical test, the following Endorsement is required. Additional Private Pilot post practical test training for deficiencies: 61.49(a)(1)(2) I certify that I have given the additional flight and/or ground training as required by 61.49(a)(1). I have determined that he/she is prepared for the Private Pilot airplane multi engine land practical test. Page 21
Commercial Pilot Certification INITIAL ASEL 61.123 61.133 61.123 Eligibility requirements: General. To be eligible for a commercial pilot certificate, a person must: Be at least 18 years of age; Be able to read, speak, write, and understand the English language. 61.125 Aeronautical knowledge. (May be waived with an Endorsement if student did home study) General. A person who applies for a commercial pilot certificate must receive and log ground training from an authorized instructor, or complete a home- study course, on the aeronautical knowledge areas of paragraph (b) of this section that apply to the aircraft category and class rating sought. Aeronautical knowledge areas. DATE Commercial Pilot Aeronautical Knowledge Logbook requirements PART 61.125(b)(1 15) INSTRUCTOR TIME SUBJECT(S) ENDORSEMENT THIS LESSON Applicable Federal Aviation Regulations of this chapter that relate to commercial pilot privileges, limitations, and flight operations 61.125(b)(1) Accident reporting requirements of the National Transportation Safety Board 61.125(b)(2) Basic aerodynamics and the principles of flight 61.125(b)(3) Meteorology to include recognition of critical weather situations, windshear recognition and avoidance, and the use of aeronautical weather reports and forecasts 61.125(b)(4) Safe and efficient operation of aircraft 61.125(b)(5) Weight and balance computations 61.125(b)(6) Use of performance charts 61.125(b)(7) Significance and effects of exceeding aircraft performance limitations 61.125(b)(8) Use of aeronautical charts and a magnetic compass for pilotage and dead reckoning 61.125(b)(9) Use of air navigation facilities 61.125(b)(10) Aeronautical decision making and judgment 61.125(b)(11) Principles and functions of aircraft systems 61.125(b)(12) Maneuvers, procedures, and emergency operations appropriate to the aircraft 61.125(b)(13) Night and high- altitude operations 61.125(b)(14) Procedures for operating within the National Airspace System 61.125(b)(15) TOTAL ACCUMULATED Page 22
61.127 Flight proficiency. (Both Flight and Ground Training Required) General. A person who applies for a commercial pilot certificate must receive and log ground and flight training from an authorized instructor on the areas of operation of this section that apply to the aircraft category and class rating sought. Areas of operation. 1) For an airplane category rating with a single- engine class rating: DATE Commercial Pilot Flight Proficiency Logbook requirements PART 61.127 (a)(b)(1)(i through xi) INSTRUCTOR TIME SUBJECT(S) ENDORSEMENT THIS LESSON Preflight preparation 61.127 (a)(b)(1)(i) Preflight procedures 61.127 (a)(b)(1)(ii) Airport and seaplane base operations 61.127 (a)(b)(1)(iii) Takeoffs, landings, and go- arounds 61.127 (a)(b)(1)(iv) Performance maneuvers 61.127 (a)(b)(1)(v) Ground reference maneuvers 61.127 (a)(b)(1)(vi) Navigation 61.127 (a)(b)(1)(vii) Slow flight and stalls 61.127 (a)(b)(1)(viii) Emergency operations 61.127 (a)(b)(1)(ix) High- altitude operations 61.127 (a)(b)(1)(x) Postflight procedures 61.127 (a)(b)(1)(xi) TOTAL ACCUMULATED Page 23
61.129 Aeronautical experience. For an airplane single- engine rating. Except as provided in paragraph (i) of this section, a person who applies for a commercial pilot certificate with an airplane category and single- engine class rating must log at least 250 hours of flight time as a pilot that consists of at least: 1) 100 hours in powered aircraft, of which 50 hours must be in airplanes. 2) 100 hours of pilot- in- command flight time, which includes at least a) 50 hours in airplanes; and b) 50 hours in cross- country flight of which at least 10 hours must be in airplanes. 3) 20 hours of training on the areas of operation listed in 61.127(b)(1) of this part that includes at least a) 10 hours of instrument training using a view- limiting device including attitude instrument flying, partial panel skills, recovery from unusual flight attitudes, and intercepting and tracking navigational systems. Five hours of the 10 hours required on instrument training must be in a single engine airplane; b) 10 hours of training in an airplane that has a retractable landing gear, flaps, and a controllable pitch propeller, or is turbine- powered. c) One 2- hour cross country flight in a single engine airplane in daytime conditions that consists of a total straight- line distance of more than 100nm from the original point of departure; d) One 2- hour cross country flight in a single engine airplane in nighttime conditions that consists of a total straight- line distance of more than 100nm from the original point of departure; and e) 3 hours in a single- engine airplane with an authorized instructor in preparation for the practical test within the preceding 2 calendar months from the month of the test. 4) 10 hours of solo flight time in a single engine airplane or 10 hours of flight time performing the duties of pilot in command in a single engine airplane with an authorized instructor on board (either of which may be credited towards the flight time requirement under 61.129(a)(2) ), on the areas of operation listed under 61.127(b)(1) that include a) One cross- country flight of not less than 300nm total distance, with landings at a minimum of three points, one of which is a straight- line distance of at least 250nm from the original departure point. b) 5 hours in night VFR conditions with 10 takeoffs and 10 landings (with each landing involving a flight in the traffic pattern) at an airport with an operating control tower. Commercial Aeronautical Experience Checklist Requirements Presently Has Still Needs At least 250 hours of flight time 100 hours powered aircraft 50 hours must have been in airplanes 100 hours pilot- in- command flight time. 50 hours must have been in airplanes 50 hours cross- country flight 10 hours must have been in airplanes 20 hours of flight training per 61.127(b)(1): 10 hours Instrument training 5 hours must have been in single- engine airplane. 10 hours training in complex airplane 1 - two hour daytime cross country (100mm) 1 - two hour nighttime cross country (100nm) 3 hours flight time prep for practical test 10 hours solo flight time. 1-300mm cross country, 3 landing points, 1 of which was 250nm straight line. 5 hours night VFR with 10 takeoffs and 10 landings at airport with control tower. Page 24
In order to take Commercial Pilot practical test Receive a logbook endorsement from an authorized instructor who: Conducted the training or reviewed the person's home study on the aeronautical knowledge areas listed in 61.125(b) of this part that apply to the aircraft rating sought; and Certified that the person is prepared for the required knowledge test 61.35(a)(1) and provide logbook endorsement. Hold at least a current 3 rd class medical. NOTE: Following 2 endorsements are options that may be required based on the aircraft to be used. Receive a logbook endorsement for complex airplane operation from an authorized instructor. PIC Complex airplane: 61.31(e) I certify that I have given ground and flight training in a complex airplane to, holder of pilot certificate, and find him/her proficient in the operation and systems of a complex airplane Receive a logbook endorsement for complex airplane operation from an authorized instructor. PIC High performance airplane: 61.31(f) I certify that I have given ground and flight training in a high performance airplane to, holder of pilot certificate, and find him/her proficient in the operation and systems of a high performance airplane Receive a logbook endorsement from an authorized instructor who: 1) Conducted the required ground training or reviewed the person's home study on the aeronautical knowledge areas listed in 61.125 of this part that apply to the aircraft category and class rating sought; and 2) Certified that the person is prepared for the required knowledge test that applies to the aircraft category and class rating sought. Commercial Pilot Aeronautical knowledge: 61.35(a)(1) 61.125(a)(b) I certify that I have given the ground instruction required by 61.125(a)(b)( 1 through 16), and that he/she is prepared for the required knowledge test. Page 25
NOTE: If the student has completed a home study aeronautical study course rather than instructor trained, use this endorsement. Commercial Pilot Home Study Aeronautical knowledge: 61.35(a)(1) 61.125(a)(b) I certify that I have reviewed home study course of the applicable areas required by 61.105(b) and find him/her prepared for the commercial pilot aeronautical knowledge test. NOTE: In the advent that there are questions answered incorrectly on the knowledge test the following Endorsement is required. Commercial Pilot aeronautical knowledge test deficiency review: 61.39(6)(iii) I certify that I have reviewed the knowledge test results with per 61.39(6)(iii), and resolved any deficient areas. Pass the required knowledge test on the aeronautical knowledge areas listed in 61.125 of this part; Receive the required training and a logbook endorsement from an authorized instructor who: 1) Conducted the training on the areas of operation listed in 61.127(b) of this part that apply to the aircraft category and class rating sought; and 2) Certified that the person is prepared for the required practical test. Meet the aeronautical experience requirements of this subpart that apply to the aircraft category and class rating sought before applying for the practical test; Pass the required practical test on the areas of operation listed in 61.127(b) of this part that apply to the aircraft category and class rating sought; Hold at least a private pilot certificate issued under this part or meet the requirements of 61.73; and (i) Comply with the sections of this part that apply to the aircraft category and class rating sought. Prerequisites for Practical Test: 61.127(a)(b), 61.39(a)(6)(i) I certify that I have given the flight instruction required by 61.127(a)(b)(1)(i) through (xi) and have given at least 3 hours of preparation for the practical test in the preceding two calendar months, and find him/her prepared for the Commercial Pilot practical test.. Page 26