basin Nile River rift valley Mount Kilimanjaro escarpment Sahara aquifer oasis Serengeti Plain canopy Niger delta Sahel
the world s longest river, flowing more than 4,000 miles through Uganda and Sudan and into Egypt p 416 depressions in which water from river systems and watersheds collect p 415 Africa s highest mountain p 417 long thin valleys in East Africa created by diverging continental plates p 416 the largest desert in the world; it stretches 3,000 miles from the Atlantic Ocean to the Red Sea, and 1,200 miles from north to south. p 420 a steep slope with a nearly flat plateau on top p 417 a place in the desert where water has come to the surface and supports vegetation and wildlife p 421 huge stores of underground water p 421 the uppermost layer of branches of the rain forest, home to many animals and birds p 422 an area of northern Tanzania, containing some of the best grasslands in the world and many grazing animals p 422 known as the shore of the desert, it is a narrow band of dry grassland along the southern edge of the Sahara a region rich in oil deposits, but which has many safety and environmental problems p 424
desertification Aswan High Dam silt Olduvai Gorge Aksum Berlin Conference cash crop Masai pandemic Carthage Islam rai
dam built on the Nile in Egypt to control floodwaters and increase the water supply for farming p 426 expansion of dry conditions into moist areas next to deserts p 424 site of fossil beds in northern Tanzania containing the most continuous known record of humanity p 431 sediment deposited by a river, increasing the fertility of the soil p 427 14 European nations convened in 1884-1885 to establish rules for political control of Africa p 432 an important trading capital from the first to the eighth centuries A.D. in what is now Ethopia p 431 an East African ethnic group that lives on the grasslands of the rift valleys in Kenya and Tanzania p 434 crops such as coffee, tea, and sugar, which are grown for direct sale rather than for use in the region p 433 a great trading and commercial city of ancient Africa located on the coast of the Mediterranean p 438 an uncontrollable outbreak of a disease affecting a large population over a wide geographic area p 435 a type of music developed in Algeria in the 1920s, which has become a form of rebellion against Islamic fundamentalists, especially by women p 441 a monotheistic religion based on the teachings of the prophet Muhammad; a major cultural and religious influence in North Africa p 439
Goreé Island stateless society Ashanti Bantu migrations King Leopold II Mobutu Sese Seko Fang sculpture Great Zimbabwe Mutapa Empire apartheid Nelson Mandela one-commodity country
a society in which people rely on family lineages to govern themselves, rather than an elected government or a monarch p 443 island where 20 million Africans were exported as slaves from the mid-1500s through the mid-1800s p 442 mass migration beginning around 2000 B.C. from present-day Nigeria southward throughout Africa, spreading their languages and cultures p448 culture who live in what is now Ghana known for their work in weaving colorful kente cloth p 444 leader of the Democratic Republic of the Congo from 1967 to 1997 who nationalized the country s businesses, profited through corrupt practices, and used the army to hold power p 450 Belgian king who opened the African interior to European trade in the late 1880s; he used forced labor to gather rubber and other resources p 449 City established by the Shona in 1000 A.D.; it became a gold-trading capital, but was abandoned around 1450 Art form which inspired Picasso to use African themes in his work p 451 a policy in South Africa of complete separation of the races p 454 a state founded in the 15 th century by a man named Mutota and that extended throughout most of present-day Zimbabwe p453 a country that relies on just one or two principal commodities for much of their earnings p 462 leader of the African National Congress who led a long struggle to end apartheid; he was elected president of South Africa in 1994 p 455
commodity diversify AIDS cholera malaria tuberculosis UNAIDS
create variety in an economy to achieve growth and stability p 462 an agricultural or mining product that can be sold p 462 an infection caused by inadequate sanitation and a lack of clean water supply p 465 acquired immune deficiency syndrome, caused by a human immunodeficiency virus p 465 a respiratory infection spread between humans which often accompanies AIDS p 466 an infectious disease marked by chills and fevers; it is spread by mosquitos and is often fatal p 466 UN program that studies the world s AIDS epidemic p 466