Group 4 Appendix. Table of Contents

Group 4 Appendix Table of Contents Class 1 Comprehensive Gear List... 1 Due Dates for Gear Acquisition... 3 Navigation Introduction... 5 Compass Basics... 6 Compass Declination... 7 Compass Quiz... 8 Class 2 Contour Lines... 9 Contour Line Quiz... 11 Map Folding... 12 Class 3 What is a Bearing?... 13 A Sense of Direction... 14 Map Tools... 15 How to Plot a Bearing... 20 Practice Finding a Bearing... 22 Practice Finding Locations on the Map... 26 Class 4 Estimating Trip Time: Naismith Rules... 27 Trip Leg Table... 28 Class 5 Finding Location by Change in Local Bearings... 29 Advanced Contour Line Interpretation... 30 Helpful Navigation Hints... 31 Key Peaks in Indian Cove Area... 32 Class 6 Clinometers... 33 Class 7 Snow Travel Check List... 35 Checklist for First Aid Kits... 36 Snow Travel Optional Homework... 37 Class 10 Hike Plan/Emergency Information... 39

Comprehensive Gear List The following gear list contains items you may need or want to bring on any given dayhike, backpack or car camping trip. Other than The 10 Essentials, each person can customize the list to their needs, wants and preferences. It s a good idea to scan down the list before each trip to make sure you haven t forgotten something it avoids those oh shit! moments at the trailhead, or worse yet, ten miles into the backcountry. Item Notes Item Notes The 10 Essentials Clothing Base-Layer Map Undergarments Compass Thermal underwear Flashlight, extra batteries Liner socks Sunglasses Socks Extra food and water Extra clothing Matches / lighter Fire starter Knife Clothing Mid-Layer First aid kit Shirts Other Important Items Sweater Backpack Jacket Daypack Pants Hiking poles Watch Sunscreen Insect repellent Clothing Outer-Layer Sit pad / stand pad closed-cell foam for snow Rain gear (outer layer) Ditty bags Hat Whistle Stocking cap Multi-tool Balaclava / neck gaiter Duct tape Gloves / mittens Parachute cord Hand / toe warmers Folding chair or something comfortable to sit on Footwear Hiking boots Approach shoes Clothing Misc. Swimsuit Bandanas Flip flops / camp shoes Snow booties Handout Class 1 1

Comprehensive Gear List Item Notes Item Notes Shelter Kitchen Tent / bivy / tarp Tent stakes Sleeping pad Sleeping bag Pillow Ground mat Tent footprint 4-season tent for winter snow anchors for winter for snow, 2 pads at least one closed-cell foam for tent entrance Bear-resistant food storage Stove Fuel Pots / pans Cooking utensils Fork / spoon / spork Plate canister, Ursack, hanging; depends on regulations Cup Food Oil, spices, salt, pepper Personal Items Toothpaste / toothbrush Facewash Wet wipes Hair brush Towel Coffee / tea / drink mix Alcohol Napkins Garbage bag Soap Sponge / dish scrubber Personal meds Trowel / TP Hand Sanitizer Earplugs Book / ipod Camera Mountaineering Ice axe Crampons Snow shoes Mountaineering boots Gaiters Shovel Water Rope Water Water filter / purification Nalgene bottles Miscellaneous Dromadery Bag Handout Class 1 2

Due Dates for Gear Acquisition Remember, a lot of the needed equipment (tents, sleeping bags and pads, backpacks, stoves) can be rented from stores like REI and A16, but reservations fill up fast. If you re going to rent something, reserve it early! Needed by Conditioning Hike Boots (one of the below) Trail runners Hiking boots Daypack Light day hikers Standard hiking boots Hydration system/bladder or water bottles Trekking poles Map Case Ziploc bag or commercial map case Clothing insulation and protection from wind and rain Needed by Joshua Tree Weekend Boots same as previous Some people prefer approach shoes as they grip the rock better Some people prefer high-top boots or shoes because they protect your ankles Daypack same as previous Trekking poles same as previous Backpack (not mandatory, but a good idea) Good idea to get in the practice of packing for a trip. Minimum size should be 55 to 60 liter You can also use duffel as we will not be going very far Camp Chair foldable, for sitting around the campfire at night Leather gloves the rock at Joshua Tree is very rough and your hands will be happier at the end of the day if you wear gloves. Metolius half-finger leather belay gloves work great, but any leather glove will work. Warning, they will get scraped up. Clothing the weather could be very cold with rain or warm and dry. Bring waterproof rain jacket and pants, however not your most expensive ones as the rock can tear them up. Warm hat, gloves, neck gaiter, balaclava are good ideas. Tent 3 season, 2 person or larger (make sure you ve set this up at home so you know all the parts are there and you know how to set it up) Stove, pot, cup, plate, fork, knife Handout Class 1 3

Due Dates for Gear Acquisition Needed by Snow Travel Day Boots high-cut leather, waterproof upper, insulated or un-insulated After-hike comfy shoes Gaiters waterproof, knee-high, not ankle-high Daypack same as previous Trekking Poles with snow baskets Clothing as we will be traveling in the snow, you need appropriately warm clothing. Insulation layers as well as waterproof outer layers. Pants that are durable and waterproof, as we will be sliding on our bottoms in the snow. Sit Pad to insulate you from the snow during lunch or breaks, closed cell foam Snowshoes WTC provides, however if you want to get your own, feel free Needed by Snow Camp Boots same as for snow travel Down booties for walking around camp Gaiters same as for snow travel Backpack keep in mind when getting a pack, that winter trips require more space than 3-season camping. Daypack optional, can use backpack Tent 4-season Snow anchors for tent can be homemade or commercially made Stove, pot, cup, plate, fork, knife Sit pad and stand pad closed cell foam Handout Class 1 4

Navigation Introduction Navigation is a tool to enhance your outdoor enjoyment. Its various technical rules, although perplexing at first, open up a whole new area of exploration. You will be amazed at what you can do with a map and compass. They truly give you the freedom of the hills. To get the most out of our navigation instruction, you should read the assignments and complete all homework assignments. We will spend a substantial part of Class 3 and Class 5 working with you on map and compass skills. We will spend a day in Joshua Tree reinforcing the skills you learn in the classroom. Some students pick up navigation skills very quickly; others will struggle with some concepts such as plotting bearings on the map. Don t get frustrated. You will receive ample individual instruction. Along the way, usually by the time we are done with the Joshua Tree weekend, you will experience an ah ha moment where everything comes together. Take 2 lefts, 3 rights, another left, 4 rights, 2 lefts, 3 rights and you can t miss it. Navigation Class 1 5

Compass Basics Direction of Travel Arrow Index Line Rotating Bezel/Azimuth Ring Circular housing that rotates within the compass base; marked with degrees from 0 to 360 that encircle the outer edge of the compass capsule. Magnetic Needle The red end is attracted by magnetic force and always points to Magnetic North (not True North). Parrallel Meredian Lines Lines at the bottom of the azimuth ring that parallel True North. Orienting/Declination Arrow The north-south arrow, which is slightly wider than the magnetic needle; used to box" (surround) the magnetic needle when taking a bearing. On compasses with adjustable declination, the orienting arrow will point to the magnetic declination value you set. In the classroom, the value should be 13 East. Index Line Mark on the front of the compass baseplate where you read the indicated bearing. Direction of Travel Arrow Indicates the direction you walk toward; points to the object in your sight. On mirrored compasses, the sighting mirror points in the direction of travel. Baseplate A see-through plate that functions as a ruler and protractor. Declination Adjustment Screw Small screw on Bizel ring or underside of Bizel ring used to set declination. Lanyard Can be used to measure the distance of a trail. String along the trail to be traveled and measure the portion of the string used against the appropriate map scale. Navigation Class 1 6

Compass Declination Most maps point to the geographic north pole, which is called true north. Compasses point to magnetic north. In most parts of the United States, the compass needle will point either to the east or west of true north. The difference between true north and where your compass needle points is called magnetic declination. Magnetic fields change location and declination changes by a small amount every year. In the contiguous United States, declination ranges from 21 east in north Washington to 19 west in northern Maine. The declination in the Los Angeles area is 13 east and is changing by about one degree every 12 years. Older maps may have declination information that is no longer correct. Current declination information can be obtained from the National Geophysical Data Center: http://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/seg/geomag/declination.shtml. To use a map and compass together, you must correct for magnetic declination. It is very helpful to have compass that allows you to set the correct declination adjustment. Other methods include subtracting (or adding in the eastern United States) the declination from the compass reading, taping a declination arrow to the underside of the compass, or using a declination scale that comes on some compasses. The most accurate results will be obtained with a compass with adjustable declination. TRUE NORTH MAGNETIC NORTH East Declination compass needle points east of true north MAGNETIC NORTH West Declination compass needle points west of true north TRUE NORTH Navigation Class 1 7

Answer the following true or false questions: Compass Quiz 1. A compass needle is magnetized True False 2. The red part of the compass needle points to Magnetic North and not True North. True False 3. A compass works best when held level. True False 4. Since a compass is affected by magnetic fields, it needs to be True False used away from iron and steel objects such as automobiles. 5. The scale of the compass is 0 to 360. 6. The cardinal direction points N, S, E and W correspond to degrees. North is 0 or 360. South is 180. East is 90. West is 270. 7. The parallel lines inside the dial are known as meridian lines. 8. The Index Line of the compass is used to read a compass bearing. True True True True False False False False 9. In the Los Angeles area, magnetic declination is 12 East. True False 10. The Direction of Travel Arrow indicates the direction you walk toward. True False Navigation Class 1 8

Contour Lines The heart of a topographic map is its overlay of contour lines. Each line indicates a constant elevation as it follows the shape of the landscape. A contour line is an irregularly shaped closed loop. There is no beginning or end to a contour line. If you could walk along a contour line, you would go neither uphill nor downhill and would eventually arrive at your starting point. A map s contour interval is the distance between two adjacent contour lines and is printed at the bottom of the map. On most 7.5 Minute Topographic Maps, the contour interval is 40 feet and every fifth contour interval is printed darker and is called an index contour line and is labeled with the elevation. On other maps the interval is different. For example, on the Malibu Beach topo, the contour interval is 25 feet and every fourth contour interval is printed darker. The pattern of contour lines helps you visualize the terrain: Keep in mind that the terrain may look different depending on where you are standing, as the four different views of the same mountain below indicate: Many land features will not be represented on the map because they are between the lines. The location of the contour line might be such that significant landforms, such 30-foot rock Navigation Class 2 9

Contour Lines Navigation Class 2 10

Contour Line Quiz Match the numbered contours with the lettered profiles: ANSWERS: 1 = B, 2 = E, 3=D, 4 = C, 5 = F, 6 = A Navigation Class 2 11

Map Folding Navigation Class 2 12

What is a bearing? A bearing is the direction from one place to another measured in degrees. The round dial of a compass is divided into 360. The direction to each of the four cardinal directions, moving clockwise from the top is north, 0 (as well as 360 ), east, 90 ; south 180 ; and west 270. The compass is used to: Take/Measure Bearings: This means to measure the direction from one point to another, either on a map or in the field. Plot/Follow Bearings: This means to set a certain bearing on the compass and then plot it out on the map or follow where that bearing points in the field. WARNING! The world is full of identical bearings, but only one of them will take you from your location to your destination Navigation Class 3 13

A Sense of Direction Visualize yourself standing in the center of a compass facing north. The bearing of all objects in front of you is 360. A bearing is simply the direction from one point to another measured in degrees. If you make a quarter turn to your right, you will be facing east and the objects in front of you will now have the bearing of 90 ; if you turn halfway around, you will be facing south and the objects in front of you will have a bearing of 180 ; and if you make a quarter turn to your left, you will be facing west and the bearing of objects in front of you will be 270. Your relationship to features in the landscape can be easily ascertained if you maintain this visualization of being in the center of the compass. Thus, if the bearing (i.e., direction) to a peak is 135 from your location, you know that it must be to the southeast of you. A peak 315 from your current location must be to your northwest. This same visualization will help when working with a map. Assume you are asked to identify where point A is on the map below and told that point A s bearing to Peak 3177 is 32 and its bearing to Peak 3441 is 296. Since Peak 3177 is 32 northeast of point A, point A must be somewhere to the southwest of Peak 3177. Likewise, since Peak 3441 is 296 northwest of point A, point A must be to the southeast of Peak 3441. The intersection of the two bearing lines is where point A is located (the intersection of Indian Cove Road and the group campground road). The bearing depends on which direction the bearing is being taken from: point A to Peak 3177 is 32 ; Peak 3177 to point A is 212. Always make sure you are taking or plotting the bearing from the correct direction. One of the common errors in taking bearings is to be off by 180. A Navigation Class 3 14

Map Tools UTM RULER 20 Meter Increments UTM RULER 100 Meter Increments Navigation For In-Class Exercises Class 3 15

Compass Dial Transparency Navigation For In-Class Exercises Class 3 17

TRUE NORTH For Use With Compass Dial Transparency x 3237 Navigation For In-Class Exercises Class 3 19

How to Plot a Bearing BEARING FROM THE BLUE DOT ( ) TO PEAK 3177 IS 54 Navigation For In-Class Exercises Class 3 20

How to Plot a Bearing BEARING FROM PEAK 3177 TO THE BLUE DOT ( ) IS 234 Navigation For In-Class Exercises Class 3 21

Practice Finding a Bearing Using the map below, answer the following questions: 1. What is the bearing from Point A to Peak 3177? 2. What is the bearing from Point A to Peak 3441? A Navigation For In-Class Exercises Class 3 22

Finding A Location Based on Two Bearings: 1 A buried treasure can be found at location with the following bearings: How do you find the buried treasure: 320 to Peak 3237 and 222 to Peak 4377 1. Set your compass to 320 (i.e., the Index Line should read 320 ). 2. Place your compass on the map with compass meridian lines facing north (i.e., north on the compass dial should be aligned with north on the map) as in Example A below. 3. Slide your compass on the map until one of the corners on the direction of travel end of the compass touches Peak 3237. 4. Make sure that with the compass corner still on the peak, the compass meridian lines remain aligned with the north-south lines on your map as in Example B below. 5. Using the edge of the compass, draw the bearing line (blue line on the map). You can draw a longer line with the use of a ruler. 6. You have now identified one of the bearing lines for the buried treasure s location. The buried treasure is located somewhere along this line. 7. Turn to the next page learn how to find the exact location of the treasure. B A Navigation For In-Class Exercises Class 3 23

Finding A Location Based on Two Bearings: 2 Having found the bearing line to Peak 3237, you now need to find the bearing line to Peak 4377. Here s how: 1. Set your compass to 222 (i.e., the Index Line should read 222 ). 2. Place your compass on the map with compass meridian lines facing north (i.e., north on the compass dial should be aligned with north on the map) as in Example A below. 3. Slide your compass on the map until one of the corners on the direction of travel end of the compass touches Peak 4377. 4. Make sure that with the compass corner still on the peak, the compass meridian lines remain aligned with the north-south lines on your map as in Example B below. 5. Using the edge of the compass, draw the bearing line (blue line on the map). You can draw a longer line with the use of a ruler. 6. You have now identified the second bearing line for the buried treasure s location. 7. Turn to next page for the location. B A Navigation For In-Class Exercises Class 3 24

Finding A Location Based on Two Bearings: 3 LOCATION OF THE TREASURE: X MARKS THE SPOT The buried treasure is located at the intersection of the two bearing lines. Unfortunately, the location is in a desert wash a bad location to bury a treasure. Navigation For In-Class Exercises Class 3 25

Practice Finding Locations on the Map Using the map below, answer the following questions: 1. You are somewhere on the Indian Cove Road. You want to determine your exact location. You take a bearing to Peak 3441and it is 290. Find your location on the Indian Cove Road and mark it with an X. 2. You are at a rock pile in the Indian Cove area and want to find your exact location. You take a bearing to Peak 3448 and your bearing is 109. You also take a bearing to Peak 3177 and it is 48. Find your location and circle it. Navigation For In-Class Exercises Class 3 26

Estimating Trip Time: Naismith Rules The Naismith Rule is a tool to help you estimate travel time while hiking on a trail. It is the starting place to estimate trip time, but often has to be adjusted upward because of difficult terrain features or other factors such as the size of the group. The Naismith Rule is expressed as: t = 1/3 d + 1/2 h t = time in hours d = distance in miles h = total elevation gain in thousands of feet The Naismith Rule assumes a hiking speed of 3 miles per hour and adds 30 minutes for each 1,000 feet of elevation gain. Example 1: Your trip will cover 6 miles on level terrain. Your estimated time to cover the six miles, not counting breaks, would be 2 hours. Example 2: Your trip will cover 9 miles and gain 2000 feet of elevation. Your estimated time to cover the nine miles, not counting breaks, would be four hours (three hours to cover the distance and one hour for the elevation gain). For those confused by math formulas that look like algebra, there are many ways to break down the formula. For example, under the Naismith Rule you can add 2 minutes for every tenth of mile you travel and 3 minutes for every 100 feet of gain. You can create a spreadsheet on your computer to automatically calculate the time. Example 3: Your trip leg will cover.3 miles and gain 100 feet of elevation. Your estimated time to cover this distance would be 9 minutes. The Naismith Rule usually applies to hiking with a daypack. When carrying a full pack, use the Backpacker s Rule: t = 1/2 d + h The Backpacker s Rule assumes an average speed of 2 miles per hour and adds one hour for each 1,000 feet of elevation gain. Example 1: Your trip will cover 6 miles on level terrain. Your estimated time to cover the six miles, not counting breaks, would be 3 hours. Example 2: Your trip will cover 9 miles and gain 2000 feet of elevation. Your estimated time to cover the nine miles, not counting breaks, would be 6.5 hours (4.5 hours to cover the distance and 2 hours for the elevation gain). Under the Backpacker Rule, you add 3 minutes for every tenth of mile you travel and 6 minutes for every 100 feet of gain. Example 3: Your trip leg will cover.3 miles and gain 100 feet of elevation. Your estimated time to cover this distance would be 15 minutes. Navigation Class 4 27

Trip Leg Table A E B D C Point Location Miles Elevation Elevation Gain Time (Minutes) (feet) Leg Cumulative Leg Cumulative Naismith Backpacker A Whitney Portal 8,300 B Outpost Camp 3.8 3.8 10,300 2,000 2,000 136 234 C Trail Camp 2.2 6.0 12,000 1,700 3,674 95 168 D Trail Crest 2.2 8.2 13,600 1,600 5,235 92 162 E Mt. Whitney 2.8 11.0 14,497 897 6,197 83 138 6 hours 46 minutes Total Time 11 hours 42 minutes Navigation Class 4 28

Finding Location by Change in Local Bearings When hiking along a known line of travel which shows on your map, cultivate the habit of being aware of the bearings you are actually traveling and the bearing you are supposed to be traveling. Major mistakes in route finding can often be caught early this way (such as heading down the wrong canyon or ridge line). This procedure can be especially valuable in poor visibility. Your location can be pinpointed at those points where your known line of travel changes bearing significantly. By keeping close track of these changes, you can navigate without seeing any landmarks. Bearings are taken in the direction of travel along a ridge line or in a gully. This is known as a local bearing. If you are hiking in a meandering gully or dry stream bed, you can easily keep track of your position. Starting a point A (Figure 1), you are going due east (90º). Soon you find you are heading at a bearing of 120º. When your compass next shows you are heading at 90º, you know you are at point B. FIGURE 1 If you don t keep track of your bearing as you travel, you can end up in confusing situations. In Figure 2, making a wrong turn at the intersection of two gullies can send you in the wrong direction. In Figure 2, the right and wrong gullies eventually share the same bearing and you might wonder why Peak 3543 looks like its to your west when it should be to your east. This type of error can be avoided by always taking local bearings, particularly when gullies or ridges diverge. WRONG DESTINATION 192º 232º 140º DESTINATION FIGURE 2 Navigation Class 5 29

Advanced Contour Line Interpretation A closed contour line (example within red circle) can represent a land form object (i.e., rock formation) anywhere from one feet in height to 79 feet in height. Whether a rock pile is shown on the topographic map will depend on whether one of the lines of constant elevation (e.g., 2880' contour line) intersects the rock formation as shown in the chart below. A downhill jiggle in a contour line (example within blue circle), when adjacent contour lines do not jiggle downhill, usually represents a contour line encountering a rock formation, or part of one, as it travels around the rock on the downhill side. Navigation Class 5 30

Helpful Navigation Hints Visual Scale. For visual scale reference in the area traveled through on a 7.5 minute topo, draw a line 1 mile long (2.6") and divide 1" of it into 10 parts, each 1/10" long. These building blocks of 1/10" equal 200 feet exactly. Color Highlighting. Highlight or color-dot prominent high points on the topo that are most likely to be visible to the eye. This allows for easier N-S alignment of the topo and facilitates terrain recognition. Map Orientation in the Field. When using a topo for terrain recognition, always have it N-S aligned. To keep the topo easily N-S aligned, draw a line on the ground with a hiking pole or your boots. Alternatively, set your hiking pole on the ground point aligned to N-S. The top N-S lines can then be quickly aligned with the N-S line on the ground. Man-Made Features. Man-made features can and will change over time, but even a recently revised topo will not show most of the latest additions and deletions. Example: The water tank you see in the field may not be shown on the map, and a water tank on the topo may not be in the field anymore. Take Three Bearings. Take a set of three independent bearings of the same object. The resulting spread in degrees is a measure of your compass use accuracy. The average of your three bearings will tend to be more accurate than any single reading. Because landmarks are some distance away, a very accurate compass bearing might be a degree or two off. Keep Compass Level. You will minimize large bearing errors if you keep your compass level. This keeps the needle from rubbing against the capsule Navigation Class 5 31

Key Peaks in Indian Cove Area Highlight each of these peaks on your Indian Cove 7.5 Minute Map. The elevation of Peaks 3660 and 4377 are not indicated on the map you should add the elevation to your map. Navigation Class 5 32

Clinometers Some compasses are equipped with clinometers, which measure angles of slope. To use the clinometer on your compass, set either 90 or 270 at the index line. (If you are going to use the left edge, use 270 ; if you are going to use the right edge as shown in the photograph, use 90.) Hold the compass with the long edge of the baseplate horizontal, so that the clinometer needle points down toward the numbered scale. With the long edge of the baseplate horizontal, the clinometer should read zero. Tilting the compass up or down will cause the clinometer needle to point to the number of degrees upward or downward. The clinometer can be used to measure the angle of the slope you are standing on. As described above, set 90 or 270 at the index line and then lay the long edge of the compass on the slope. Due to variations in the slope over small distances, it is best to place an ice ax, a straight tree branch, a ski pole, or some other long object on the slope, and then place the long edge of the compass along this object to get a better idea of the average slope. (Although metal will affect the reading of a magnetic compass needle, it will not affect the clinometer needle which works with gravity.) Even without a clinometer, you can measure the angle of a slope with your compass as the below diagram explains: Turn dial so that East is straight up Using compass without a clinometer to measure slope Navigation Class 6 33

Snow Travel Check List When snow traveling pay attention to the snow, look for signs of hardness and softness, depressions and rises, while be careful of streams & rivers. There s great information in the Freedom of the Hills book along with the Wilderness Travel Student handbook on snow travel and snow conditions. Do your personal research and fill in areas of knowledge by asking questions. Snow is a wonderful to travel in and offers great camping experiences. Snow Travel Day Needs: Extra warm layers extra socks, thermals, pullover External Layers warm jacket, gloves/mittens, stocking cap, gators, dark sunglasses and large hat Hardware: Snow boots, snow shoes, hiking poles with snow baskets Below is an example of clothing to wear/bring when doing snow travel or snow camping. Adjust for your personal comfort. Layers for bottom (3) Thin thermals Snow pants Rain pants Layers for top (5 to 6) Short sleeve w/zip Light long sleeve w/zip Light long sleeve fleece Fleece vest Warm jacket Rain jacket Always double check you have your 10 essentials when traveling in the snow. A little comfort will go a long way in the cold. Triple check these essentials when venturing into the snow: Extra dark sunglasses it doesn t take long to get snow blindness Rain gear this gear will also help keep you warm if you get cold Sun block it will only take about 15 minutes in the snow to get a burn cover-up! Water when traveling in snow you are working harder and cold, dry air will dry you out Food in addition to lunch, you will want extra snacks/chocolate/candy for fuel which will help keep you warm Compass and map when the snow and weather conditions turn to white out, a group can work their way to safety with a compass and map When planning snow travel/snow camping, always check the weather as your trip nears. If the area is cooling, the snow will be harder and easier to travel across. When the weather is warming, the snow will soften and it may take much longer to reach your destination plan accordingly. Handout Class 7 35

Checklist for First Aid Kits Day Hike Personal protection: Gloves CPR mask Meds: Ibuprofen and/or aspirin Diphenhydramine (Benadryl-or any antihistamine) Antibiotic Ointment Wound/Blister Care: Non-adherent dressings, sterile 4x4 Tape Moleskin/Second Skin/duct tape Bandages (assorted sizes) Sprains & Strains: Triangular bandage (cravat) Ace wrap Backpack Trip Personal Protection: Gloves CPR mask or face shield Meds: Ibuprofen Aspirin Tylenol (acetaminophen) Diphenhydramine (Benadryl or any antihistamine) Antibiotic ointment Antacid Any prescriptions meds you might need Diamode (Imodium) Glucose Wound/Blister Care: Non-adherent dressings, 4x4 Triangular bandage Tape Moleskin/Second Skin/duct tape Bandages (assorted sizes) Roller gauze Tweezers Irrigation Syringe (plastic, no needle) Sprains & Strains: Ace wrap Triangular Bandage SAM Splint (or other items that may be improvised) And remember Only take what you know how to use (do you know what Tincture of Benzoin is and what it s used for?) Pack in a Ziploc Compartmentalize! Cost REI: $10 to $300 99 Only store (a lot less) This is only a SUGGESTED list. You may need to add or subtract items to this list depending on your trip! Handout Class 7 36

Snow Travel Optional Homework Using the map distributed during Class 7, identify the following locations: 1. The UTM coordinate of Location 1 is: NAD 27 Zone 11S 3 05 625m E 38 54 240m N. Mark location with a 1 on the map. 2. The UTM coordinate of Location 2 is: NAD 27 Zone 11S 3 05 300m E 38 54 695m N. Mark location with a 2 on the map. 3. The bearings to Location 3 are: 69 to Peak 8302 178 to Peak 8292 Mark the location with a 3 on the map. 4. The bearings to Location 4 are: 21 to Peak 8322 275 to Sawmill Mountain Mark the location with a 4 on the map. 5. The bearings to Location 5 are: 76 to Peak 8302 329 to Peak 8537 Mark the location with a 5 on the map. Navigation Class 7 37

Hike Plan/Emergency Information Name of Hiker Address Contact Number Age M/F Medical Issues? 1. 2. 3. 4. Emergency Contact Info: Name Relation Phone 1 Phone 2 1. 2. 3. 4. Who is the primary contact for this party? Description of trip activity/goals: Vehicles Left at the Trailhead Make Model Color License # 1. 2. Entry trailhead name/description: Exit trailhead name/description: (attach topo map) Entry date/time: Exit date/time: Overnight trip? Y N If yes, number of nights? Familiar with area? Y N Camp location night 1 Camp location night 2 Camp location night 3 Agency that manages the area? Phone: Permit office name? Phone: Nearest medical facility? Address: Emergency Services Sheriff Police Phone: (attach map) Fire Weather Forecast Handout Class 10 39