MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENT AND FORESTRY DIRECTORATE GENERAL OF CONSERVATION ON NATURAL RESOURCES AND ECOSYSTEM DEVELOPMENT OF ECOTOURISM AND ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES IN INDONESIA 1
INTRODUCTION There are approximately 27.14 million hectares of conservation areas, consist of national park, nature recreation park, grand forest park, strict nature reserve, wildlife sanctuaries, and hunting park. These conservation areas are managed to achieve objectives of protection of life support system; preservation of biodiversity and their ecosystem, and sustainable utilization of living resources and their ecosystem.
Ecotourism is one of some aspects that we establish in our forestry policy to be developed. Variety of ecosystems types with abundance biodiversity that are existing in our national park and nature recreation parts should be managed properly in order to be utilized sustainable and empowered local community around the conservation areas to get benefit from the areas. Under facilitation of the government, private investors and other funders, I believe that with collaboration of all mentioned parties will encourage a development of ecotourism in Indonesia, such as creating an effectiveness of conservation areas management and capacity building of local communities to get benefit from existence of conservation areas. 3
27.14 million ha Conservation forest/area Protected forest Production forest Number (unit) Type Area (hectares) KPA/KSA (Type TBD) Grand Forest park Game Reserve The International Status of The Conservation Areas Recreational National Wildlife sanctuaries Nature reserve sites sites sites sites 4
The International Status of The Conservation Areas The International Status of The Conservation Areas sites sites sites sites Ujung Kulon National Komodo National Lorentz National Tropical Rainforest Heritage of Sumatera : - Gunung Leuseur National - Kerinci Seblat National - Bukit Barisan Selatan National Cibodas Biosphere Reserves Komodo Biosphere Reserves Tanjung Putting Biosphere Reserves Lore Lindu Biosphere Reserves Pulau Siberut Biosphere Reserves Gunung Leuseur Biosphere Reserves Giamsiak Kecil Bukit Batu Biosphere Reserves Wakatobi Biosphere Reserves Bromo Tengger Semeru Arjuno Biosphere Reserves Taka Bonerate Kepulauan Selayar Biosphere Reserves Belambangan Biosphere Reserves Berbak National Danau Sentarum National Wasur National Sembilang National Rawa Aopa Watumohai National Pulau Rambut Wildlife Reserve Tanjung Putting National Gunung Leuser National Lorentz National Kerinci Seblat National Way Kambas National Kepulauan Seribu National Wakatobi National 5
STRATEGY TO MANAGE CONSERVATION AREAS APPROACHES Communities as Subject of Management Human Rights Communication: Call Center, Sitroom, Infographic, Social media Multilevel Leadership Learning Organization Networking Within MEoF Conservation Areas Sustainability of Conservation Areas People & Rural Communities Benefit to State (Non Tax Revenue) Benefit to People: Capacity Building Economic income Reward and Mentorship Cultural and Traditional Values Networking Among Ministrial Sectors and Provincial/ District/City Goverments Role of Conservation: 1. Protection of life support system 2. Preservation of biodiversity and their ecosystem 3. Sustainable utilization of living resources and their ecosystem Resort (Field) Base Management Scientific Based Decision Support System APPROACHES
10 Priority Tourist Destinations /DWP Toba Lake Seribu Island Tg. Kelayang Wakatobi KEK Morotai Sijaba hutaginjang Nature Recreation Kep. Seribu National Wakatobi National KEK Tg. Lesung Ujung Kulon National Note : Conservation Area that supports DWP Borobudur, dskt KEK Mandalika Flores Labuan Bajo Bromo Tengger Semeru Merapi National, Merbabu National, Guci Nature Recration Bromo Tengger Semeru Nature, Kawah Ijen Nature Recreation, Baluran National, Alas Purwo National, Merubetiri National Gunung Rinjani National, Gunung Tunak Nature Recration, P. Moyo Nature Recration Komodo National 7
STRATEGY DEVELOPMENT ECOTOURISM Characteristics : 1. Role Model National of National 2. Becoming National Nature Heritage 3. Becoming Global Germplasm Bank 4. Produce High End service products 5. National Treasury Deposit 6. It is based on the calculation of minim um carrying capacity and the guided r ecreation activities No Pattern of Development and Development Number of TN 1 Gravity Center Wilayah Regional 1 5 2 Gravity Center Wilayah Regional 2 6 Name National Gunung Leuser National ; Kerinci Seblat National ; Kepulauan Seribu Sea National *; Bromo Tegger Semeru National *; Tanjung Putting National Gunung Rinjani National ; Komodo National ; Manupeu Tanah Daru National ; Laiwangi Wanggameti National ; Lore Lindu National ; Wakatobi Sea National * 3 Gravity Center Wilayah Regional 3 3 Aketajawe Lolobata National ; Lorentz National ; Wasur National 8
STRATEGIC ACTIVITY PLAN OF GRAVITY CENTER TO MINOR SATELLITE Relationship of TWA Satellite character to TN Gravity Center
EMPOWERING LOCAL COMMUNITY Capacity Building Knowledge Skill Attitude 6.381 Villages arround Conservation Areas 172 Productive Business managed by 154 group in 118 development villages Rural Communities 159 Development Villages of 6.381 Villages 4.150 House Hold involved in Productive Business Sustainability of Conservation Areas Activities of Ecotourism and Conservation of Biodiversity to get benefits (income) and to save ecosystem: EcoLodge Transportation Tour Guide Attraction: beauty of ecosystems and wildlife Souvenir Patrol with the authority of conservation areas 10
Success Story from Tangkahan Villagers: From Illegal Logger to Ecolodger In the 1930s, some entrepreneurs from outside of Tangkahan began to utilize the local people as a labour force to process wood and transport it by buffaloes and the rivers. In the following decades, illegal logging became the main source of income for this community, and many local people were arrested and sent to jail caused illegal logging activities Since 1990s - with long process of guidance by Goverment (Gunung Leuser NP & Ministry of Forestry) and NGO, the process has been begun to establish a new perspective for the villagers to involve in conservation efforts, and get beneficial values of ecotourisme as source of household income. Finally, on April 22nd, 2001, the Tangkahan Simalem Ranger group was formed. This is the pioneering association that started to develop a participation of community to protect conservation area (Gunung Leuser NP), and develop ecotourism activities. Economic value of Tangkahan ecotourism equals to Rp. 113.812.336.000,- per year (Mei Nina, 2009). You Tube: Tangkahan Ecolodge in Tangkahan Now, Tangkahan is well known as ecolodge village www.tangkahanecotourismn.com Washing elephants by tourists
1 DEVELOPMENT OF ECOTOURISM Environmentally responsible travel to natural areas, in order to enjoy and appreciate nature that promote conservation, have a low visitor impact and provide for beneficially active socio-economic involvement of local peoples National priority program 2015-2019 (Target to increase number of foreign visitor 1.5 million visitors and domestic visitosr 20 million visitors) 2 Strategic issues Promotion and marketing Empowering local community Minimizing environmental impacts 3 DEVELOPMENT DIRECTION : Promotion and marketing of ecotourism in conservation areas; Development of green infrastructures (local and environmental friendly) such as mangrove track, information boards, sightseeing and birdwatching towers, and information center, and green energy. Capacity building (guide training program, interpreting and certification) Empowering Local community (income generating program: develop home stay/eco lodge, and souvenir) Establishment of ecotourism management model (role model for other areas) Waste management 3 Designated conservation areas and Essential ecosystems ( 54 national parks, 131 recreational parks, mangrove forest, karst ecosystems) 4
Other Environmental Services Besides Ecotourism our Forestry Policy, we develop environmental services in National, Nature Recreation, and Grand Forest as follows: Utillization of Water and Hydro Energy (1.199 M3/sec) Potential of Economic valuation Rp. 9.500 Million and absorption of labor 1.900.000 person. Forest Carbon ( 1.207,67 Giga ton C) Potential of Economic valuation Rp. 53.000 Million and absorption of labor 818.000 person Geothermal Energy (6.157 Mega Watt) Potential of Economic valuation Rp. 7.200 Million and absorption of labor 4.487 person. Wind and Cell Energy : the potential of these energy in conservation areas is still identified 13
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