State of Oceans and Coasts: Philippines Nilda Baling Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR) Romeo Recide Philippine Statistics Authority
Ocean economy GROSS VALUE ADDED OF OCEAN-BASED ACTIVITIES BY INDUSTRIAL ORIGIN In million US$, at constant prices (2012=100) INDUSTRY/YEAR 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 Fisheries and aquaculture 2,886 2,879 2,712 2,587 2,371 Mining and Quarrying (offshore oil and gas) 992 891 865 802 852 Manufacturing 1,614 1,597 1,900 1,991 2,256 Construction 83 93 100 116 114 Electricity, Gas and Water Supply 1,332 1,310 1,225 1,222 1,254 Ports and Shipping 1,164 1,220 1,315 1,384 1,427 Financial Intermediation (Maritime insurance) 167 187 173 169 167 Real Estate, Renting & Business Activities 24 27 29 31 34 Public Administration & Defense 390 401 401 413 417 Education 49 47 45 44 33 Coastal and marine tourism 2,461 2,566 2,593 3,055 2,992 TOTAL (GVA of Ocean Economic Activities) 11,163 11,218 11,357 11,813 11,916 GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT (GDP) 149,311 159,040 161,402 167,027 171,109 Share of ocean economy to GDP (%) 7.5% 7.1% 7.0% 7.1% 7.0%
Ocean economy Share of ocean economy to GDP: (7%) Est. employment in ocean economy: 2.2 million in 2016 (5.3% of total employment) >400,000 deployed Filipino seafarers, contributing around $5.6 B in remittances.
Butanes Landscape and Seascape
Coastal and marine ecosystems Habitat Area (km 2 ) Status Valuation of ecosystem services Mangroves natural mangrove cover: 2,472.68 planted mangroves:765.14 Coral reefs 25,060 Area: 4% excellent 31 % good: 46.6% fair: 18% poor: $8 B Blue Carbon $6.99 B Seagrass beds 978 $1.6 B Mudflats 2,000 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 2.5% ICM (% of coastline) Environmental cost (US$) $129.5 M
Total Area of Mangroves (hectares) Philippine Mangrove Forests 600000 500000 400000 300000 200000 100000 0 1 2 3 4 5 year 1900 1990 2005 2010 2014 No. of hectares 500000 278657 291268 310531.47 332531.47
Water quality Marine water quality Parameters Poor Fair Good DO 54% 46% Total coliform 35% 43% 22% Inland surface water Parameters Poor Fair Good DO 12% 29% 59% TSS 13% 55% 32% Nitrates 4% 15% 81% Phosphates 44% 20% 36%
Threats and Drivers of Degradation Overfishing Overexploitation Siltation Unsustainable fishing practices Lack of awareness Pollution Climate change Unsustainable coastal development
Connectivity Ecological - All habitats connected by water circulation Reproduction Nutrients Genetics Social and Socio-Economic Efforts in one region contributes to the adjacent region Governance Cooperation and complementation of efforts
Connectivity Healthy coral reefs in the South China Sea are important for the productivity of neighboring marginal seas, through larval connectivity Present-day oceanographic conditions lead to the transport of larvae from the South China Sea into the Coral Triangle region via the Sulu Sea, and from northern Papua New Guinea and the Solomon Islands via Halmahera. (Kool, 2011)
CORAL REEF Provisioning services Int.$/ha/yr 55,724 Food 677 Raw Materials 21,528 Genetic resources 33,048 Ornamental resources 472 Regulating services 171,478 Climate regulation 1,188 Disturbance moderation 16,991 Waste treatment 85 Erosion prevention 153,214 Habitat services 16,210 Genetic diversity 16,210 Cultural services 108,837 Aesthetic information 11,390 Recreation 96,302 Cognitive information 1,145 Total economic value 352,249 Coral Reef ecosystem services value $ 350,000 /ha/yr Global estimates of the value of ecosystems and their services in monetary units (de Groot et al., 2012)
Recent estimates (March 2015) of reef ecosystems destroyed in the South China Sea: REEF From images in Jane s magazine: GAVEN REEF UNION REEF NORTH UNION REEF SOUTH CUATERON REEF FIERY CROSS REEF TOTAL RECLAIMED AREA EST. RECLAIMED LAND AREA 14 has 7.5 has 12.5 has 12 has 265 has 311 has Loss of coral reef ecosystem services = US$109.6 million
Blue economy initiatives Sustainable fisheries Policies: Amended Fisheries Code Ecosystem approach to fisheries management Coral Triangle Initiative: 10-Year Plan of Action to prevent IUU fishing Registration of fisherfolk, fishing vessels and gears Conservation: Closed season on sardines and small pelagics Ban on sargassum, black corals Management plans for blue crabs and swordfish
Blue economy initiatives NIPAS PAs National Government Administered 21 Protected Landscapes and Seascapes 4 Seascapes 3 Marine Reserves 2 Natural Park 1 Wildlife Sanctuary 1 National Park Locally-Managed MPAs 1800(Maypa)
Blue economy initiatives Sustainable tourism Marine and coastal heritage sites and parks Batanes Protected Seascape Vigan Hundred Islands National Park Puerto Princesa Underground River National Park Tubbataha Reef National Park Siargao Island Protected Landscape and Seascape Turtle Islands Heritage Protected Area
Blue economy initiatives Area Sustainable Tourism Initiatives National Ecotourism Strategy and (2013-2022 Action Plan Partners and Collaborators Dept. of Tourism, Private Sector Zero Carbon Resorts Tourist Operators/Private Sector Green Fins code of Conduct UNE- Reef World Foundation Synergies MPA establishment/tourism Branding Regional Business Forum (CTI-CFF)
Blue economy initiatives Area Establishment and Management of Marine Key Biodiversity/Areas, MPA Networks, Seascapes and ICM Sites Initiatives SmartSeas Program MPAN for Marine Turtles Sulu-Sulawesi Seascapes (Indonesia-Malaysia- Philippines) Executive Order 533 Adoption of ICM as National Strategy Partners and Collaborators UNDP and Responsible Partners (RPs) GIZ, Provincial LGUs Conservation International, GIZ PEMSEA, Other Government Agencies
Blue economy initiatives Area Capacity/Competency Building Initiatives SmartSeas Program Partners and Collaborators USAID, NOAA Valuation of Ecosystem Services Baseline Assessment (Apprenticeship Program) Marine Turtle Satellite Monitoring and Surveillance Phil-WAVES TEEB UP-Marine Science Institute GIZ World Bank UNE
Blue economy initiatives Area MPA Database Management Initiatives MPA Support Network CT Atlas Partners and Collaborators UP-MSI and other government agencies CTI-CFF, World Fish Monitoring and Evaluation Protected Area Management Effectiveness Tool (METT, MEAT, NEAT, SEAT) GIZ, UP-MSI, RARE Foundation International Commitments/ Compliance (CBD, SDG, CMS, Ballast Water Convention (IAS), PEMSEA, CTI-CFF) PBSAP, RPOA/NPOA), COC for Ratification of BW Convention) OGAs, NGOs, Development Partners (PEMSEA, USAID, AusAID, ADB)
Blue economy initiatives Area Initiatives Partners and Collaborators Habitat Rehabilitation Coral Reef Restoration Private Sector, Local Government Units Mangrove and Beach Forest Development Project Emerging industries Synergies: coastal wind power and tourism Marine biotechnology
Coastal and Marine Ecosystems Management Program (2016-2028) Generate/Complete assessment and mapping of baseline conditions + threats and drivers of degradation Develop and build competencies of field personnel Long-term - improve and restore ecological functions of critical coastal ad marine ecosystems
Mabuhay at Maraming Salamat po!