Guided Reading 2: The Formation of New Cultural Communities, 1000 BCE-400 CE Name: Period: List the large cultural zones that begin emerging based on shared traditions: 5. 6. What is unique about metallurgy in Mesoamerica? What is one side effect of common people learning writing systems? 7. 4. Chapter 4: Greece and Iran, 1000-30 BCE What is Iran s geographic significancez Ancient Iran, 1000-500 BCE What major empire came from Iranz Who is our source on Persia? Geography and Resources The fundamental topographical features of Iran are: What is unique about Iranian irrigation systems? The Rise of the Persian Empire What countries consist of ethnic Iranians? The first Iranian group to achieve political organization: What empire did the Iranians help defeat? The Persian king was called, meaning? Who united the Persian people, and when? Persian/Iranian Social Structure: (Most Power) Groups conquered include:
Who succeeded Cyrus? Greek Opinion: Conquests included: Egyptian Opinion: How did Darius I come to power? He expanded the empire to what new boundaries? Imperial Organization Define Satrap: Structural changes implemented by Darius I: Taxes were collected in the form of: The stereotype and truth about Persian royal women? Who traveled with the King alongside his moving capital? Where was the administrative center of Persia? Why? 4. 5. What was Persepolis? Ideology and Religion How was Darius leadership a response to Assyrian brutality? Define Zoroastrianism, who was their chief god? What affect did Zoroastrian beliefs have on Judaism?
The Rise of the Greeks, 1000-500 BCE What factors caused the Greeks to migrate away from their homeland? Geography and Resources What natural borders exist? What was grown in the various topographical features in Greece? The Emergence of the Polis Describe the Greek Dark Age, including dates, causes, and effects: What began the Archaic Period? What advantages did an alphabet have over cuneiform or hieroglyphs? Define Polis: What was usually the root of conflicts between the various Polis city-states? Describe a Hoplite, including why they were so effective: Why did Greek need colonies? What happened to the indigenous peoples wherever the Greeks migrated? What date range coincides with the largest Greek expansion? What term did Greeks use to self-describe? What are the economic benefits of coinage? Define the Greek world Tyrant: Define Oligarchy: Define Greek Democracy:
Greek gods reflect: Who wrote much of what we know about the gods? What is the central principle or ritual of the Greek religion? Examples? New Intellectual Currents What new ideas emerged during the Archaic period? One of Greece s earliest philosophers was: What is a logographer? Why is Herodotus considered the Father of History? Athens and Sparta Where did the Spartans migrate from? How did the Spartans handle the increasing pressures of a larger population? What was the Spartan state s greatest fear? What sacrifices did Spartan s make to live in a state of military preparedness? What was the Peloponnesian League, and why did it exist? What were the 4 Athenian social classes based on? What were the Athenian branches of Democracy? What was Athenian Democracy a response to? The Struggle of Persia and Greece, 546-323 BCE Early Encounters
What event led to the Persian Wars? What was the outcome of the Persian Wars? Describe what happened at Thermopylae Why did the Delian League replace the Hellenic League? Athens Salamis Platea The Height of Athenian Power Date the Classical Period: What happened to the Delian League? What is a trireme? How is Athenian democracy connected to military roles? For what reasons was Socrates tried? What is a Sophist? Who began the transition from orality to literacy? How? What is Aristotle known for? Who could be an Athenian Citizen? Who was not? Inequality in Ancient Greece What rationale did Aristotle provide for slavery? Failure of the City-State and Triumph of the Macedonians Who fought Whom in the Peloponnesian War? Why? Who transformed Sparta into a naval power? How did Macedonia alter the Hoplite?
What event was Alexander the Great hoping to avenge? Why did Alexander begin to adopt elements of Persian culture? The Hellenistic Synthesis, 323-30 BCE Major Kingdoms What challenges did the Seleucids face? Why did Egyptians resent the Ptolemaic dynasty? What did an indigenous person have to do to become Greek?