Current Activities and Future Developments in Arctic Shipping SNAME Annual Meeting Panel on ARCTIC CHALLENGE 16 October 2008 Ice Technology and Experience Kirsi Tikka Vice President, Global Technology & Business Development ABS 1
Drivers for Arctic Marine Development Natural resources Climate change Shorter routes Political environment Environmental concerns Technological advances 2
Drivers for Arctic Marine Development Shorter routes London to Tokyo shortened from 15,000 miles via the Panama Canal to 8,500 miles using the Northwest Passage Hamburg to Yokohama shortened from 11,000 miles via Suez Canal to 6,900 miles using the Northern Sea Route Receding polar ice 25% 30% of the world s unexploitated oil and gas reserves are in the Arctic 3
Arctic Climate Impact Assessment (ACIA) 4
Minimum Ice Cover in 2008 Source: National Snow and Ice Data Center 5
Trans-Arctic Shipping SS MANHATTAN in Northwest Passage (1969) Source: Sunship 6
Shipping Within the Arctic Varandey Arctic Shuttle Tanker 70,000 DWT ABS/RS Dual Class Ice Class LU6 2 x 10MW Azipod Propulsion Delivered January 2008 Varandey Oil Export Terminal (VOET) by LUKOIL in Timan-Pechora Completed June 2008 Source: SHI, Lukoil 7
Shipping from the Arctic POLAR EAGLE 87,500 m 3 LNG Carrier 8
Challenges on the Trading Route Murmansk to North America Newfoundland/Greenland Icebergs North Atlantic Severe waves Northern North Sea Severe waves Poor visibility Low temperature 9
Challenges on the Trading Route Canadian Arctic to Europe Foxe Basin Thick 1 st year ice with MY ice inclusion Hudson Straight Thick 1 st year ice Strong ice pressure Labrador Icebergs Severe waves North Atlantic Severe waves North Sea Severe waves Poor visibility Source: Trading Route - Baffinland Iron Mines Co. 10
Technical Issues Icebreaking performance Ice strengthening of hull Maneuvering in heavy ice or in landfast ice Harbor operations Winterization for low temperatures Ballast water management Ice strengthening of hull for growler collision at high speed Source: Trading Route - Baffinland Iron Mines Co. Seakeeping performance with ice breaking hull form Wave impact on ice breaking bow Bottom slamming Whipping/springing Fatigue performance Winterization de-icing, visibility 11
IACS Polar Ice Class: Background Dramatic increases in Polar shipping in 1970s and 1980s Alaska and Canadian Beaufort Sea Several administrations made proposals to IMO to develop a harmonized system of ice class rules Consensus reached in IMO: IMO to develop overall framework for the initiative IACS to produce detailed requirements for construction-related items 12
IACS Polar Ice Class Lowest Polar Class (PC7) general levels of strengthening roughly comparable to Baltic 1A Highest Polar Class (PC1) capable of independent operation without limitations 13
Beyond Current Ice Class Rules Structural Integrity Assessment of Cargo Containment Systems in Arctic LNG Carriers under Ice Loads Source: Arctic Shipping Conference 2008, St. Petersburg, Russia (ABS, HHI, BMT) 14
Beyond Current Ice Class Rules Structural Integrity Assessment of Cargo Containment Systems in Arctic LNG Carriers under Ice Loads Source: Arctic Shipping Conference 2008, St. Petersburg, Russia (ABS, HHI, BMT) 15
Beyond Ice Class Rules Operation in Cold Climates Hull construction and equipment Material selection Tank arrangement and heating De-icing Systems and machinery Reliability and redundancy Deck machinery Piping Safety systems Lifesaving appliances Navigational systems Human factors and ergonomic considerations Enclosed work spaces Protective gear Insulation of accommodation spaces Training and manning Environmental protection 16
Beyond Ice Class Rules Risk-Based Design Review Relies on risk assessment techniques to anticipate hazards Hazard identification leading to prevention and mitigation of undesired events as the project evolves Acceptable level of safety, in line with current offshore and marine practices Icebreaker Icebreaker Conventional ship Large capacity LNG carrier 17
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