Appedix C Airside Vehicle Driver Traiig Itroductio Traiig Delivery Framework for a Airside Vehicle Driver Traiig Programme Framework for Maoeuvrig Area Vehicle Driver Traiig Programme Framework for a Radiotelephoy (RTF) Traiig Programme Summary Refereces Useful Web sites Europea Actio Pla for the Prevetio of Ruway Icursios - Editio 2.0 C1
Appedix C Airside Vehicle Driver Traiig Itroductio Iformatio that idicates vehicles ad their drivers have caused ruway icursios at a umber of aerodromes is available i a variety of studies of ruway icursios from EUROCONTROL. It is the resposibility of the Aerodrome Operator to have i place, a formal traiig, assessmet ad authorisatio programme for all drivers operatig airside. As a result of local hazard aalysis the operatio of vehicles o the aerodrome should have bee highlighted as a potetially high risk activity which demads a umber of formal cotrol measures to be put i place to maage the risk. A vehicle driver traiig programme is oe of these cotrol measures ad should form part of the overall Safety Maagemet System of the Aerodrome Operator. The Aerodrome Operator is resposible for developig a agreed stadard for the vehicle driver traiig programme. There will be a requiremet for co-operatio ad partership with Air Traffic Cotrol, Groud Hadlig Agets, Airlies ad other Service Providers airside to esure the cotiued operatio of the programme. Depedig upo the scale ad complexity of the aerodrome ad the idividual requiremets of the driver, the programme should take ito accout the followig mai areas: A geeric airside vehicle driver traiig programme which covers operatioal safety ad health ad safety aspects of operatig vehicles, plat ad equipmet i close proximity to aircraft o apros, stads ad airside roads; Specific traiig o the vehicle, plat ad equipmet, e.g. car, tug, high loader, coach; Where the specific job fuctio requires the driver to operate o the maoeuvrig area the additioal traiig o the hazards associated with ruways ad taxiways should be covered; The followig programme frameworks describe what may be cosidered as good practice guidace for Airside ad Maoeuvrig Area vehicle driver traiig, with special attetio give to a separate framework for radio telephoy traiig. The guidace is a compilatio of material draw from may sources icludig ICAO, IATA, ACI ad a large umber of aerodromes that already operate vehicle driver traiig programmes. It is vital that both theoretical classroom traiig ad practical experiece cover all the areas metioed. The aim of this guidace is to esure cosistecy ad a high degree of stadardisatio i the maer i which a driver obtais a Airside Drivig Permit, therefore it may be applied to the majority of aerodromes. Traiig Delivery The three programme frameworks are iteded as geeric guidace ad each aerodrome will eed to apply those areas of traiig that are applicable to their local geography, coditios ad type of operatio. All of the three traiig programmes should cosist of two mai parts, the first beig the classroom/theoretical part which should iclude the use of prepared presetatios, maps, diagrams, video, booklets, checklists as appropriate. The secod part should ivolve practical tuitio ad visual familiarisatio o the aerodrome with a suitably traied perso. This practical tuitio will take a period of time depedig upo the complexity of the aerodrome. Followig iitial traiig, a programme of refresher traiig should be orgaised after a agreed period of time. Where delivery for vehicle driver traiig (apro ad maoeuvrig area) ad RTF is delegated to a third party provider the aerodrome should istitute a programme of audits, as part of its SMS, to esure that agreed stadards are beig maitaied. A essetial requiremet of operatig a vehicle o the maoeuvrig area is the eed to use VHF radio commuicatios with Air Traffic Cotrol that will require traiig i the correct use of RTF ad stadard phraseology; Works I Progress. C2 Europea Actio Pla for the Prevetio of Ruway Icursios - Editio 2.0
Framework for a Airside Vehicle Driver Traiig Programme The Airside Drivig Permit (ADP) The issuig authority (ormally the aerodrome operator), its validity i terms of time, coditios of use, o trasferability of owership of the permit, cotrol ad audit of permit issue; Local eforcemet ad drivig offece procedures; Relatioship to State driver licesig system. Natioal Legislatio ad Regulatio Govermet/State regulatios related to geeral vehicle drivig liceces; State/Regioal/Local govermet requiremets; Regulatory requiremets/guidace for drivig airside; ad Local Orgaisatios. Aerodrome Regulatios ad Requiremets Rules of Air Traffic Cotrol, rights of way of aircraft; Specific aerodrome regulatios, requiremets ad local istructios; Local methods used to dissemiate geeral iformatio ad istructio to drivers; Local methods used to dissemiate iformatio regardig works i progress. Right Of Way O The Groud Vehicles must always give priority to taxiig aircraft, aircraft o tow or beig pushed back ad aircraft with their ati-collisio lights o. Persoal Resposibilities Fitess to drive (medical/health stadards) atioal or airport agreed requiremets (alcohol/drugs); Issue ad use of persoal protective equipmet such as high visibility clothig ad hearig protectio; Geeral drivig stadards; No smokig requiremets airside; Resposibilities with respect to FOD ad fuel/oil spillage; Resposibility for idividuals to esure vehicle is suitable for the task, ad used correctly; Cocetratio o use of mobile phoes/portable electroic devices for persoal use. Vehicle Stadards Coditio ad maiteace stadards agreed at aerodrome ad/or atioal level; The requiremet to display obstructio lights ad compay isigia; Requiremets ad cotet of daily vehicle ispectios ; Agreed stadards of aerodrome ad compay vehicle fault reportig ad rectificatio; Local requiremets for the issue ad display of Airside Vehicle Permits (AVP s). Geeral Aerodrome Layout The geeral geography of the local aerodrome; Aviatio termiology used such as ruway, taxiway, apro, roads, crossigs etc; All stadard aerodrome sigs, markigs ad lights for both vehicles ad aircraft; Specific referece to those sigs, makigs ad lights used to guard ruways; Specific referece to ay cotrolled/ucotrolled taxiway crossig procedures. Hazards of Geeral Airside Drivig Speed limits, prohibited areas ad o parkig regulatios; The dager zoes aroud aircraft; Egie suctio/igestio ad blast, propellers ad helicopters; Aircraft refuellig, fuellig zoes, vehicle access/exit; FOD ad spillages; Vehicle reversig, use of baksma; Staff ad passegers walkig across apros, rights of way; Air-bridges ad other services such as fixed electrical groud power; The geeral aircraft turaroud process; Aircraft emergecy stop ad fuel cut off procedures; Hazardous cargo; Local vehicle towig requiremets; Requiremets for drivig at ight; Requiremets for drivig i adverse weather coditios, particularly low visibility. Europea Actio Pla for the Prevetio of Ruway Icursios - Editio 2.0 C3
Appedix C - Airside Vehicle Driver Traiig Local Orgaisatios The role of the Aerodrome Operator i settig ad maitaiig stadards; The Regulator ad its resposibilities; The Natioal ad/or local Police ad their ivolvemet with airside drivig other eforcemet authorities dealig with vehicles, drivig, health ad safety. Emergecy Procedures Actio to be take i the evet of a vehicle accidet; Specific actio to be take i the evet of a vehicle strikig a aircraft; Actio to be take i the evet of fire; Actio to be take i the evet of aircraft accidet/ icidet; Actio to be take i the evet of persoal ijury. Commuicatios Radio procedures to be used, if applicable; Light sigals used by ATC, if applicable; Procedures to be used by vehicle drivers if lost or usure of positio; Local emergecy telephoe umber; How to cotact the local aerodrome safety uit; Pedestria ad traffic had sigals. Practical Traiig (Visual Familiarisatio) Airside service roads, taxiway crossigs ad ay restrictios durig low visibility, stadard taxiways used; Apros ad stads; Surface pait markigs for vehicles ad aircraft; Surface pait markigs that delieate the boudary betwee apros ad taxiways; Sigs, markigs ad lights used o the taxiway ad help idicate ruways ahead; Parkig areas ad restrictios; Speed limits ad regulatios; Hazards durig aircraft turarouds ad aircraft movemets. Framework for Maoeuvrig Area Vehicle Driver Traiig Programme It is aticipated that all drivers expected to operate o the maoeuvrig area of a aerodrome will obtai a airside vehicle driver s permit which has covered the programme detailed above. It is also aticipated that ay driver expected to drive o the maoeuvrig area will have obtaied a agreed period of experiece of geeral airside drivig before traiig to operate o the maoeuvrig area. The umbers of drivers permitted to drive o the maoeuvrig area should be kept to the miimum ecessary, ad the fuctios they perform should ormally be withi the followig areas of resposibility: Ruway ad taxiway ispectios; Bird Cotrol; Rescue ad Fire Fightig; Essetial Egieerig; ATC; Sow clearig ad De-icig; Airlie/Hadlig aget for aircraft towig ad ruway crossigs. All drivers should be traied iitially ad be provided with refresher traiig at agreed itervals with particular additioal emphasis o the followig areas. Aerodrome Regulatios ad Requiremets Rules of Air Traffic Cotrol, rights of way of aircraft; Defiitios of movemet area, maoeuvrig area, apros, stads; Methods used to dissemiate iformatio regardig works i progress. C4 Europea Actio Pla for the Prevetio of Ruway Icursios - Editio 2.0
Air Traffic Cotrol All access to a ruway (eve if iactive) should take place oly after receivig a positive ATC clearace ad providig a correct readback, ad after the stop bar (where provided) has bee switched off; Eterig a ruway without a valid ATC clearace will create a ruway icursio, irrespective of the status of aeroautical groud lightig. Fuctio of aerodrome cotrol ad its area of resposibility; Fuctio of groud movemet cotrol ad its area of resposibility; Normal ad emergecy procedures used by ATC relatig to aircraft; ATC frequecies used ad ormal had over/trasfer poits for vehicles; ATC call sigs, vehicle call sigs, phoetic alphabet, stadard phraseology; Demarcatio of resposibilities betwee ATC ad Apro Cotrol if applicable; Familiarisatio with low visibility procedures ad the chages they brig to maoeuvrig area vehicle operatios. Persoal Resposibilities Fitess to drive with particular emphasis o eyesight ad colour perceptio; Correct use of persoal protective equipmet; Resposibilities with respect to FOD; Resposibilities with respect to escortig other vehicles / aircraft o the maoeuvrig area; Awareess briefig at the start of a shift. Briefig Maoeuvrig area drivers should be briefed at the start of shift so they are aware of the airfield status. This should iclude: Vehicle Stadards Resposibility to esure vehicle used is fit for purpose ad task e.g. vehicles airside should have fitted ad drivers should use flashig yellow lights (ideally all of airside, but at a miimum those drive o the maoeuvrig area); Requiremets for daily ispectio prior to operatig o the maoeuvrig area; Particular attetio to the display of obstructio ad geeral lights; Serviceability of all essetial commuicatios systems with ATC ad base operatios. Aerodrome Layout Particular emphasis o stadard ICAO sigs, markigs ad lights used o the maoeuvrig area; Special emphasis o those sigs, markigs ad lights used to protect the ruway; Descriptio of equipmet essetial to air avigatio such as ILS; Descriptio of protected zoes related to ILS atea; Descriptio of ILS protected areas ad their relatio to ruway holdig poits; Descriptio of ruway istrumet/visual strip, cleared ad graded area; Descriptio of lights used o the maoeuvrig area with particular emphasis o those related to low visibility operatios e.g. particular care should be take if a cotigecy procedure to be used i Low Visibility Operatios or at ight turs off the gree taxiway cetrelie lights liked to ad ioperable stop bar. Hazards of Maoeuvrig Area Drivig The ruways i use; If airfield low visibility procedures are i force; Ay sigificat works areas i place, or beig established or removed that day; Stop bars that are ioperable makig the taxiway uusable for ruway etry or crossig. Maoeuvrig area drivers should also esure they carry a up to date airfield map i the vehicle ad esure that situatioal awareess is maitaied. Egie suctio/igestio ad blast, vortex, propellers ad helicopter operatios; Requiremets for drivig at ight; Requiremets for operatios i low visibility ad other adverse weather coditios; Procedures for vehicle ad or radio becomig userviceable whilst o maoeuvrig area; Rights of way for aircraft, towed aircraft ad Rescue ad Fire Fightig Service vehicles i emergecy. Europea Actio Pla for the Prevetio of Ruway Icursios - Editio 2.0 C5
Appedix C - Airside Vehicle Driver Traiig Emergecy Procedures Actios to be take i evet of vehicle accidet/icidet; Actios to be take i evet of aircraft accidet/icidet; Actios to be take if FOD or other debris is foud o ruways ad taxiways; Procedures to be used by vehicles if lost or usure of positio; Local emergecy telephoe umber. Aircraft Familiarisatio Kowledge of aircraft types ad ability to idetify all types ormally operatig at the aerodrome; Kowledge of Airlie call sigs; Kowledge of aircraft termiology relatig to egies, fuselage, cotrol surfaces, udercarriage, lights, vets etc. Framework for a Radiotelephoy (RTF) Traiig Programme The movemet of vehicles o the maoeuvrig area is subject to authorisatio by Air Traffic Cotrol. Depedig upo the complexity of the aerodrome, ATC may operate a umber of frequecies. Typically the aerodrome (tower) cotroller will be resposible for all vehicles operatig o the ruway, ad the groud cotroller will be resposible for all vehicles operatig o the taxiways. It is essetial to fit all vehicles that operate o the ruway with the appropriate radio commuicatio frequecies. All drivers of vehicles operatig o the maoeuvrig area should be expected to display a high degree of competece with respect to use of RTF phraseology ad aviatio Eglish. Hierarchy of Message Priority Practical Traiig (Visual Familiarisatio) All ruways (icludig access ad exit routes), holdig areas, taxiways ad apros; Message priorities, uderstadig of distress, alertig, cotrol, iformatio messages; Whe o the maoeuvrig area, messages from ATC take priority. All sigs, surface markigs ad lights associated with ruways, holdig positios, CAT 1/2/3 operatios; All sigs, surface markigs ad lights associated with taxiways; Specific markigs that demarcate the boudary betwee apros ad maoeuvrig area; Navigatio aids such as ILS, protected area, atea, RVR equipmet ad other meteorological equipmet; Hazards of operatig aroud aircraft ladig, takig off or taxiiig; Ay locally used amig covetio for particular areas or routes; Kowledge of stadard taxi routes, primarily iteded for aircraft. Use of the Phoetic Alphabet Correct prouciatio of both letters, words ad umbers. Use of Stadard Phraseology Emphasis o drivers usig stadard phraseology similar to pilots; Cautio should be oted with certai phrases such as cleared, ad go ahead. Use of Call Sigs for Aircraft, ATC ad Vehicles Uderstadig of termiology ad acroyms used by ATC ad pilots; Kowledge of the airlie call sigs used at the aerodrome; Vehicle call sigs should be appropriate to fuctio e.g. Operatios, Fire, Egieer, where there is more tha oe vehicle the use of umbers e.g. Fire 2. C6 Europea Actio Pla for the Prevetio of Ruway Icursios - Editio 2.0
Use of Read back Procedures Use of Portable Radios Vehicle drivers should use stadard read back i the same maer as pilots for istructios such as eter/ cross the ruway. Readability Scale Correct use of radios; Effective rage ad battery life; Screeig/shieldig effects o the aerodrome; Use of correct call sigs, either related to vehicle or a idividual perso. Uderstadig ad use of the readability scale from 1-5. Aerodrome iformatio Expect that ATC will provide real time sigificat aerodrome iformatio which may affect operatios o or ear the ruway whe NOTAMS ad ATIS (which are ormally used to advise pilots of sigificat iformatio regardig ruway operatios) are ot available. Lost or Ucertai of Positio Uderstadig of local procedures for vehicles lost or ucertai of positio o the maoeuvrig area. Vehicle Breakdow Local procedure for vehicle breakdow o ruways ad taxiways; Procedure for idicatig to ATC of vehicle failure. Radio Fail Procedure Uderstadig of the local procedure if radio failure occurs whilst o the ruway or taxiway; Uderstadig of the light sigals that may be used by ATC to pass istructios to vehicles. Correct Trasmittig Techique ad RTF Use Uderstad the reasos for listeig out prior to trasmittig; Use of stadard phraseology, aviatio Eglish; Words ad souds to be avoided; Correct positioig of microphoes to avoid voice distortio; Avoidace of clipped trasmissios; Be aware of regioal accets ad variatios of speech; Speed of delivery of RTF phraseology. Safety whilst usig Radios Local istructios regardig use of portable radios ad had held microphoes whilst drivig a vehicle; Local istructios o the use of mobile telephoes (cell phoe) whilst operatig airside. For more iformatio about commuicatio practices o the maoeuvrig area, refer to Appedix A Commuicatio. Summary The above frameworks are iteded oly as guidace ad are based o curret good practice. It is icumbet o aerodromes to regularly review their vehicle driver traiig programmes agaist programmes ad documetatio available across the idustry. Refereces 1. Airports Coucil Iteratioal ACI (World) Airside Safety Hadbook; 2. ACI (World) Apro Sigs ad Markigs Hadbook; 3. IATA Airport Hadlig Maual (AHM) curret editio; 4. UK Civil Aviatio Authority CAP 642 - Airside Safety Maagemet; 5. UK Airport Operators Associatio - Airside Driver Traiig Scheme; 6. ICAO Aex 14, ch. 8, Aerodrome Vehicle Operatios, ad attachmet A, para. 17 - Operators of vehicles; 7. ICAO Air Traffic Maagemet (PANS ATM) ch. 7 Procedures for Aerodrome Cotrol; 8. Airside Vehicle Drivers Guide Air Services Australia. Useful Web sites www.eurocotrol.it www.airports.org www.aci-europe.org www.iata.org www.caa.co.uk Europea Actio Pla for the Prevetio of Ruway Icursios - Editio 2.0 C7