THE HISTORY OF ANCIENT GREECE

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Transcription:

THE HISTORY OF ANCIENT GREECE

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rw3rdnc0qfc

Why is it so important? Ancient Greece is called 'the birthplace of Western civilisation'. Why? =>Because they created a way of life that has been admired and copied. (Ex: Romans copied Greek art and Greek gods). The Ancient Greeks also tried out democracy, started the Olympic Games and developed Science Literature Art Philosophy

How did the natural environment influence the development of Greek civilization? - Proximity to the sea commercial activities - Mountainous territory and so many islands : independent states.

"Ancient Greece" is not a country, but a group of several small citystates (Poleis). Each one had its own government, so they were independent.

City-states have In common Language (poems like The Iliad and the Odyssey) Religion Polytheistic. Gods lived on Mount Olympus Different own government laws currency army

Timeline: book

Periods: create your own timeline in your notebook following this information Prehellenistic Cultures (Cretan and Achaean: 2000BCE IX BCE) Archaic Period (8th-6th BC) Poleis Colonisation Classical Period (490-338 BC) The Greco-Persian Wars The Peloponnesian War Hellenistic Period (338-1st Century BC) Alexander The Great Helenistics Kingdoms

1. Archaic Period (8th-6th BC) The poleis became organised. There were more than 200 poleis. They started Colonisation

Colonisation Looking at this map: what do you think that was the main goal of Greek colonization? TRADE

2. The Classical period (490-338 BC) This was the greatest period for the Greek poleis. The most important ones were Athens and Sparta. But there were also a number of conflicts: Greco-Persian Wars Peloponnesian Wars

Athens The 5th century BC is known as the Age of Pericles because he ruled over Athens for 31 years. Parthenon During this time, Athens developed art, philosophy, theatre

Sparta: a military state Sparta did not develop trade and crafts Sparta remained a powerful military state The most important thing was the army. No literature, no arts, no philosophy Political structure

2 families Military leaders Free male athenians Political rights Military training Only ones with political rights Sustained by Sparta SPARTA ATHENS 2 KINGS THE EQUALS WOMEN PERIOECI Free, but no political rights Tradesmen or artisans HELOTS Had no rights Owned by Sparta Worked the lands Foreigners No political rights Artisans, merchants Part of the equals No political rights CITIZENS METICS SLAVES No political rights Stay at home WOMEN No rights By debts or by wars Heavy, domestic work

Democracy versus Oligarchy Democracy: rule by the people Oligarchy : rule by the few What are the differences you see between Athens and Sparta (book pg 119) that tell you one is a democracy and one is an oligarchy?

Democracy versus Oligarchy Athens: - Assembly (Ecclesia) made of all citizens(+18) has greater decisionmaking power. - Boule = 500 men Sparta -Assembly (Apella) (+30) has limited decision-making power. -Gerousia = 28 old men Ephors = 5 men - Magistrates = 19 men

Democracy? Which members of Athenian society did NOT have political rights? Women, Metics, Slaves Only 20% of people participated in the democracy!

Greco-Persian Wars (also called Median Wars ) -Battle of Marathon, 490 BCE https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qdmajpqwita -Battle of Salamina (Salami), 480 BCE Delian League (478 BCE): alliance of Greek poleis to protect against the Persians Peloponnesian Wars (431 404 BCE) -Conflicts between Greek poleis -Sparta eventually defeats Athens

Peloponnesian Wars (431 404 BCE) -Conflicts between Greek poleis -Sparta eventually defeats Athens -Spartan rule was oppressive, and some poleis revolt against it.

3. Hellenistic Period (338-30 BC) Alexander the Great (356-323) was the son of Philip II and continued his expansion. He unified the Greek city-states to confront the Persian Empire.He created a great empire that ranged from the Mediterranean to the Indian border. Alexander was a charismatic leader. He was educated by Aristotle. He spread Greek culture through the East. This process is called Hellenism

Do you know what the Gordian Knot is? Do you know what Alexander did with it?

The Conquests of Alexander The Great

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