Tourism Impacts and Second Home Development in Pender County: A Sustainable Approach (Funded by North Carolina Sea Grant) Center for Sustainable Tourism Division of Research and Graduate Studies East Carolina University www.sustainabletourism.org
Purpose of this meeting... First stab at interpreting the findings--maximize community benefits; Dress rehearsal for public presentations of the study findings; Identify ways to reach policy makers, planners, tourism personnel, environmental advocates, vacation property associations, developers and business representatives.
Community Tourism Industry Components Host Community Infrastructure Long & Nuckolls
Factors Affecting Gateway & Resort Communities Housing Stock and Related Housing Issues Ability to Seek Clarity & Agreement on Issues Leading to Effective Planning Workforce Issues Recruitment, Retention, Compensation & Housing Understanding Wealth, Economic Drivers, and Base Industries Community Sense of Place Balancing Local Economy & Quality of Community Experience for Residents and Visitors Environmental Stewardship Water, Climate, Energy & Land Encouraging Business and Entrepreneurship Adjusting to Changing Community Demographics Access and Transportation East Carolina University Center for Sustainable Tourism
The Tourism Cycle. (R.W. Butler, The Concept of a Tourist Area Cycle of Evolution, Canadian Geographer, vol. 24, no. 1, 1980, p. 7). Critical Range of Elements of Capacity Stagnation Consolidation Rejuvenation A B C Number of Tourists Decline D Development E Involvement Exploration Time
Next Steps for Pender County Become familiar with the details of the study findings look behind the curtain! Put this information within the context of the current private and public climate and discussions. Determine appropriate audiences most interested in the study s content and contribution. Discuss publicly the implications of the findings to public policy, growth and development, and effective planning. Think and act strategically on how tourism contributes in a sustainable manner to the future of the place you live and work.
Study Objectives
Land Use Issues Affecting the Study Area Development of Second Homes Cost of Living Real Estate Prices Jobs and Job Growth Affordable Housing Choices for Work Force and Local Residents Transportation Environmental Issues
Objectives of Study 1. Assess property owners perceptions of the impact of tourism on community land use, the economy, service provision, cultural opportunities, infrastructure, the environment and general community quality of life; 2. Profile economic value of second homes documenting by number, type and value; 3. Identify perceptions of the importance of sustainable actions on future economic success;
Objectives of Study 4. Determine how climate impacts resident and second home owners property and recreational decisions; 5. Compare differences between second homeowners and resident property owners regarding impacts, benefits, and future support for tourism; 6. Compare assessment of community attachment and the factors that produce that attachment.
Housing Stock Pender County GIS Data Base
12% 47% 14% 24% 32% 100% 90% 255 396 713 5360 80% 4202 70% 60% 50% 40% 1791 2532 2253 11215 % Second Home Second Home Full Time Home 30% 4768 20% 10% 0% Burgaw Topsail Grady Long Creek Rocky Point Other Total
Methodology and Sampling
Methodology Qualitative focus groups Establish an understanding of the perceptions about the tourism industry and study area. Determine the primary issues and concerns regarding the impact that tourism has on the community. Quantitative survey Estimate the extent and degree of perceptions regarding the concerns and issues expressed by the focus groups. Compare perceptions of tourism s impact on community life between local residents and second home owners.
Sampling and Survey The Geographic Information System (GIS) Tax Records of Pender County provided a list of the county s housing stock from which a random sample was selected of both resident and second home property owners; Survey of homeowners starting from Spring 2011 to Summer 2011 (2,476 full time property owners; 2,385 second home owners); Collection effort included initial mailing, two reminder notices, two telephone reminder calls and incentive drawing; 428 usable responses from internet survey: 60% full time residents; 40% second home owners.
Summary of Findings
Background and Demographics Tourism is a significant economic development component for Pender County in direct, indirect and induced spending. The presence of second homes in Pender County is noticeable in both numbers and value. Second home owners have substantially higher annual household income at all income levels starting at $100,000 than do full-time residents (e.g. see slide 39). Over seventy percent (74.7%) of second home owners are 55 years of age or older. Over fifty percent (56%) of second home property owners intend to maintain current use of their second home properties.
Background and Demographics Approximately thirty-one percent (31.9%) of second home property owners intend to increase personal use of their second home properties. Almost nineteen percent (18.5 %) of second home owners suggest they will retire to Pender County full time. 41.1% of second home owners compared to 25.4% of fulltime residents have post-graduate education. Second home owners were substantially more inclined than full-time residents to be a couple with children no longer in the household.
Tourism and Community Life Second home owners are more satisfied with all the land use issues including: 1. the amount of non-commercial and commercial tourism development; 2. amount of residential development. Second home owners expressed greater satisfaction with the relationship of tourism to all of the questions regarding local economy and jobs (e.g. see Slide 49).
Tourism and Community Life Second home owners expressed greater satisfaction with tourism and: 1. Cleanliness and upkeep of the community; 2. Crime prevention; 3. Quality of local public educational system. Second home owners expressed greater satisfaction with the relationship of tourism to cultural offerings including: 1. interactions between visitors and property owners; 2. promotion of cultural and historical resources; 3. mix of cultural offerings; 4. numbers of cultural offerings.
Tourism and Community Life Second home owners were more satisfied with all the community infrastructure issues including: 1. management of storm water runoff; 2. availability of public sewer system; 3. management of traffic generated by tourists; 4. quality of parks; 5. greenways and bike lanes; 6. availability of public parking during tourist season.
Tourism and Community Life Full time resident property owners expressed less satisfaction with: 1. current water quality; 2. air quality; 3. availability of quality recreational opportunities; 4. availability of quality health care services; 5. affordability of work force housing.
Community Sense of Place Full time residents expressed greater level of attachment than did second home property owners on the question I feel that I have political influence on community decisions. Second home property owners expressed greater level of attachment than did full time residents on: 1. I really miss it when I am away too long; 2. I feel that I can really be myself here.
Sustainable Actions Full time resident and second home property owners hold similar views on all fifteen sustainable action items: 1. Full access for everyone in the community to participate in tourism development decisions; 2. Training and educating clients and employees on sustainable practices; 3. Purchasing from companies with certified green practices; 4. Preserving culture and heritage; 5. Providing economic benefits from tourism to locals; 6. Reducing noise; 7. Protecting water quality; 8. Protecting air quality; 9. Protecting our community s natural environment for future generations; 10. Conserving the natural environment; 11. Being energy efficient; 12. Managing wastewater; 13. Reducing consumption of freshwater; 14. Managing, reducing and recycling solid waste; 15. Reducing and managing greenhouse gas emissions.
Climate and Weather Factors Second home property owners indicated a greater level of agreement that weather and climate conditions were important in deciding to own property in Pender County. Second home property owners feel sea level rise and coastal flooding as well as coastal storms, will affect their future property values to a greater extent than do full time residents.
Support for Further Tourism Development Second home owners expressed a greater level of environmental, social, economic and overall benefits received from tourism than did full time residents. Second home property owners perceived a greater level of positive impacts that tourism brought to Pender County than did full time residents.
Support for Further Tourism Development Second home property owners expressed a greater level of support for: 1. tourism should be developed in harmony with the natural environment; 2. we need to take a long-term view when planning for tourism development; 3. Pender County should plan and manage tourism s growth; 4. I support tourism having a vital role in Pender County; 5. tourism holds great promise for Pender County s future.
Demographic Information about Respondents
75 and older 65-74 55-64 45-54 35-44 26-34 25 and under % 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 Full time Second home
Other Couple, children no longer at home Couple, children at home Couple, no children Single, children no longer at home Single, children at home Single, no children % 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 Full time Second home
Other Caucasian Asian American Indian African American % 0 20 40 60 80 100 Full time Second home
Female Male % 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 Full time Second home
Post graduate 4 - year college Some college, but no degree 2 - year college/technical School High School or GED Less than high school % 0 10 20 30 40 50 Full time Second home
Other Retired Looking for work Own my own business Working part-time Working full-time % 0 10 20 30 40 50 Full time Second home
No Yes % 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 Full time Second home
$400,000+ $200,000 - $399,999 $150,000 - $199,999 $100,000 - $149,999 $75,000 - $99,999 $50,000 - $74,999 $35,000 - $49,999 $25,000 - $34,999 $15,000 - $24,999 $0 - $14,999 % 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 Full time Second home
No Yes % 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 Full time Second home
I like the climate I like the scenery This is where I have retired/plan to retire To be with family and friends I like the community atmosphere More affordable than other coastal areas This is a very friendly place Recreational opportunities My job is here Other I was born here Because of job opportunities 5.0 19.6 17.8 21.0 42.9 42.8 39.7 39.1 37.6 37.0 32.9 50.0 0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Beach Affordability of the area Friendliness of the area Investment value Recreational opportunities General climate Closeness to family and friends Proximity to permanent residence Other Water quality Rental value Air quality Culture/history of the area 24.5 24.4 21.0 18.1 15.4 11.9 8.8 45.1 44.4 37.7 36.1 34.0 82.5 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90
Maintain current use 56.0 Increase personal use 31.9 Retire to it full time Rent it part time 14.2 18.5 Sell it Other Don't know Rent it full time 8.1 6.2 6.2 5.6 Live in it full time and telecommute 1.2 0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Highly Satisfied Satisfied Neither Satisfied nor Dissatisfied Dissatisfied Highly Dissatisfied The amount of residential development The amount of non-tourism commercial development Full time The amount of tourism commercial development % 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 The amount of residential development The amount of non-tourism commercial development Second Home The amount of tourism commercial development
p The amount of residential development.004 The amount of non-tourism commercial development.000 The amount of tourism commercial development.001 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 Full time Second home
Highly Satisfied Satisfied Neither Satisfied nor Dissatisfied Dissatisfied Highly Dissatisfied Number of tourism businesses Employment opportunities Full time Cost of living compared to other coastal counties % 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 Number of tourism businesses Second Home Employment opportunities Cost of living compared to other coastal counties
p Number of tourism businesses.000 Employment opportunities.000 Cost of living compared to other coastal counties.000 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 Full time Second home
Highly Satisfied Satisfied Neither Satisfied nor Dissatisfied Dissatisfied Highly Dissatisfied Cleanliness and upkeep of the county Fire and emergency services Crime prevention Educational offerings for adults Full time Quality of local public educational system % 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 Cleanliness and upkeep of the county Fire and emergency services Crime prevention Second Home Educational offerings for adults Quality of local public educational system
Cleanliness and upkeep of the county p.000 Fire and emergency services.387 Crime prevention.001 Educational offerings for adults.059 Quality of local public educational system.003 1 2 3 4 5 Full time Second home
Highly Satisfied Satisfied Neither Satisfied nor Dissatisfied Dissatisfied Highly Dissatisfied Interactions between visitors and property owners Promotion of cultural and historical resources Mix of cultural offerings Full time Number of cultural offerings % 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 Interactions between visitors and property owners Promotion of cultural and historical resources Second Home Mix of cultural offerings Number of cultural offerings
Interactions between visitors and property owners p.000 Promotion of cultural and historical resources.000 Mix of cultural offerings.000 Number of cultural offerings.000 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 Full time Second home
Highly Satisfied Satisfied Neither Satisfied nor Dissatisfied Dissatisfied Highly Dissatisfied Management of storm water runoff Availability of public sewer system The management of traffic generated by tourists Full time The quality of parks, greenways and bike lanes Availability of public parking during tourist season % Management of storm water runoff 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 Availability of public sewer system The management of traffic generated by tourists Second Home The quality of parks, greenways and bike lanes Availability of public parking during tourist season
Management of storm water runoff p.001 Availability of public sewer system The management of traffic generated by tourists The quality of parks, greenways and bike lanes Availability of public parking during tourist season.000.000.000.005.007 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 Full time Second home
Highly Satisfied Satisfied Neither Satisfied nor Dissatisfied Dissatisfied Highly Dissatisfied Current water quality Current air quality Availability of quality recreational opportunities Availability of quality healthcare services Affordability of work force housing Full time Availability of work force housing The range of housing styles and designs % 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 Current water quality Current air quality Availability of quality recreational opportunities Availability of quality healthcare services Affordability of work force housing Second Home Availability of work force housing The range of housing styles and designs
Current water quality Current air quality Availability of quality recreational opportunities Availability of quality healthcare services p.001.000.000.000 Affordability of work force housing Availability of work force housing The range of housing styles and designs.013.157.226 Full time 1 2 3 4 5 Second home
Very Important Important Neither Important nor Unimportant Unimportant Not at all Important Protecting our community's natural environment for future Conserving the natural environment Being energy efficient Managing wastewater Reducing consumption of freshwater Full time Managing, reducing and recycling solid waste Reducing and managing greenhouse gas emissions % Protecting our community's natural environment for future generations 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 Conserving the natural environment Being energy efficient Managing wastewater Reducing consumption of freshwater Managing, reducing and recycling solid waste Second Home Reducing and managing greenhouse gas emissions
Very Important Important Neither Important nor Unimportant Unimportant Not at all Important Full access for everyone in the community to participate in tourism Training and educating employees on sustainability practices Purchasing from companies with certified green practices Providing economic benefits from tourism to locals Preserving culture and heritage Reducing noise Full time Protecting water quality Protecting air quality % 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 Full access for everyone in the community to participate in Training and educating employees on sustainability practices Purchasing from companies with certified green practices Second Home Providing economic benefits from tourism to locals Preserving culture and heritage Reducing noise Protecting water quality Protecting air quality
Full access for everyone in the community to participate in Training and educating employees on sustainability practices Purchasing from companies with certified green practices Providing economic benefits from tourism to locals Preserving culture and heritage Reducing noise Protecting water quality Protecting air quality Protecting our community's natural environment for future Conserving the natural environment Being energy efficient Managing wastewater Reducing consumption of freshwater Managing, reducing and recycling solid waste Reducing and managing greenhouse gas emissions p p.444.444.292.292.926.926.773.962.962.282.627.627.581.581.717.717.942.545.194.458.660.794 1 2 3 4 5 Full time Second home
Very Important Important Neither Important nor Unimportant Unimportant Not at all Important Impacts of climate change are evident in Pender County Changing climate conditions will make Pender County NO longer Climate change will have a noticeably negative impact on my Full time I feel I am adequately prepared for a severe weather event (e.g. I feel the climate conditions here are ideal to attract new property Weather conditions have changed enough in Pender County that I Weather and climate conditions were important in deciding to own % Impacts of climate change are evident in Pender County 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 Changing climate conditions will make Pender County NO longer attractive to new residents Climate change will have a noticeably negative impact on my property values in the next 25 years I feel I am adequately prepared for a severe weather event (e.g. hurricanes, floods, heavy rainfall) I feel the climate conditions here are ideal to attract new property owners. Weather conditions have changed enough in Pender County that I would NOT consider buying property here in the future. Weather and climate conditions were important in deciding to own property in Pender County. Second Home
p Impacts of climate change are evident in Pender County.620 Changing climate conditions will make Pender County NO longer attractive to new residents Climate change will have a noticeably negative impact on my property values in the next 25 years I feel I am adequately prepared for a severe weather event (e.g. hurricanes, floods, heavy rainfall) I feel the climate conditions here are ideal to attract new property owners Weather conditions have changed enough in Pender County that I would NOT consider buying property here Weather and climate conditions were important in deciding to own property in Pender County.977.360.743.835.171.018 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 Full time Second home
Very Important Important Neither Important nor Unimportant Unimportant Not at all Important Precipitation Wind Full time Humidity Temperature % 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 Precipitation Wind Humidity Second Home Temperature
Weather Factors & Personal Recreational Decisions Precipitation Wind Humidity Temperature p.259.805.837.715 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 Full time Second home
Very Important Important Neither Important nor Unimportant Unimportant Not at all Important Sea level and coastal flooding Number and intensity of coastal storms Availability of freshwater Changes in temperature and/or humidity Full time Changes in precipitation % Sea level and coastal flooding Number and intensity of coastal storms 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 Second Home Availability of freshwater Changes in temperature and/or humidity Changes in precipitation
Affect of Climate Change on Future Property Values? Sea level rise and coastal flooding p.000 Number and intensity of coastal storms.010 Availability of freshwater.053 Changes in temperature and/or humidity.069 Changes in precipitation.057 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 Full time Second home
Strongly Agree Agree Neither Agree nor Disagree Disagree Strongly Disagree I feel that I have political influence on community It is important to be a member of local civic This is the best place to do the things I enjoy Full time I really miss it when I am away too long I feel that I can really be myself here % 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 I feel that I have political influence on community decisions It is important to be a member of local civic organizations This is the best place to do the things I enjoy I really miss it when I am away too long I feel that I can really be myself here
Personal Attitudes about Living in the Community I feel that I have political influence on community decisions It is important to be a member of local civic organizations This is the best place to do the things I enjoy p.000.627.280 I really miss it when I am away too long.009 I feel that I can really be myself here.008 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 Full time Second home
Strongly Agree Agree Neither Agree nor Disagree Disagree Strongly Disagree Overall, I benefit from tourism in our county I personally receive environmental benefits from tourism I personally receive economic benefits from tourism I personally receive social benefits from tourism % Overall, I benefit from tourism in our county I personally receive environmental benefits from tourism I personally receive economic benefits from tourism I personally receive social benefits from tourism Full time 0 10 20 30 40 50 Second Home
Personal Benefits Received from Tourism p Overall, I benefit from tourism in our county.000 I personally receive environmental benefits from tourism.000 I personally receive economic benefits from tourism.000 I personally receive social benefits from tourism.003 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 Full time Second home
Strongly Agree Agree Neither Agree nor Disagree Disagree Strongly Disagree Tourism improves the image of Pender County's culture Tourism helps preserve the cultural and historic identity of Pender County Tourism brings new income to Pender County Growth in tourism will create jobs for local residents Full time Tourism benefits other industries in Pender County Tourism creates new markets for our local products Tourism is a strong economic contributor to Pender County % Tourism improves the image of Pender County's culture Tourism helps preserve the cultural and historic identity of Pender County 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 Second Home Tourism brings new income to Pender County Growth in tourism will create jobs for local residents Tourism benefits other industries in Pender County Tourism creates new markets for our local products Tourism is a strong economic contributor to Pender County
Tourism s Positive Impacts Tourism improves the image of Pender County's culture Tourism helps preserve the cultural and historic identity of Pender County Tourism brings new income to Pender County Growth in tourism will create jobs for local residents Tourism benefits other industries in Pender County Tourism creates new markets for our local products Tourism is a strong economic contributor to Pender County p.012.012.000.000.000.000.000 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 Full time Second home
Strongly Agree Agree Neither Agree nor Disagree Disagree Strongly Disagree My quality of life has deteriorated because of tourism Tourism in Pender County is growing too fast Tourism development unfairly raises real estate costs Tourism increases the amount of crime in Pender County Tourism increases traffic problems Full time There is overcrowding due to tourism development Recreational resources are overused by tourists % 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 My quality of life has deteriorated because of tourism Tourism in Pender County is growing too fast Tourism development unfairly raises real estate costs Tourism increases the amount of crime in Pender County Second Home Tourism increases traffic problems There is overcrowding due to tourism development Recreational resources are overused by tourists
Tourism s Negative Impacts My quality of life has deteriorated because of tourism Tourism in Pender County is growing too fast Tourism development unfairly raises real estate costs Tourism increases the amount of crime in Pender County Tourism increases traffic problems There is overcrowding due to tourism development Recreational resources are overused by tourists Full time p.847.567.114.119.059.403.111.144.505.870 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 Second home
Strongly Agree Agree Neither Agree nor Disagree Disagree Strongly Disagree Tourism should be developed in harmony with the natural environment Tourism development should embrace the values of all community residences We need to take a long-term view when planning for tourism development I support new tourism facilities that will attract more tourists to Pender County Local government should provide tax incentives to encourage private Full time Pender County should plan and manage tourism's growth I support tourism having a vital role in Pender County Tourism holds great promise for Pender County's future % 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 Tourism should be developed in harmony with the natural environment Tourism development should embrace the values of all community residences We need to take a long-term view when planning for tourism development I support new tourism facilities that will attract more tourists to Pender County Local government should provide tax incentives to encourage private development in tourism Second Home Pender County should plan and manage tourism's growth I support tourism having a vital role in Pender County Tourism holds great promise for Pender County's future
Support for Further Tourism Development Tourism should be developed in harmony with the natural environment Tourism development should embrace the values of all community residences We need to take a long-term view when planning for tourism development I support new tourism facilities that will attract more tourists to Pender County Local government should provide tax incentives to encourage private development in tourism Pender County should plan and manage tourism's growth I support tourism having a vital role in Pender County Tourism holds great promise for Pender County's future p.028.567.129.014.879.904.002.022.036 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 Full time Second home