GREATER LONDON City of Westminster 1 /186 (B.01.6114) TQ 30378110 11-14 HANOVER PLACE, 49-52 FLORAL STRET, 7-12 BOW STREET, 55-59 LONG ACRE, 19-20 BOW STREET & 5-9 B 11-14 Hanover Place, 49-52 Floral Street, 7-12 Bow Street, 55-59 Long Acre, 19-20 Bow Street & 5-9 Broad Court, London WC2, City of Westminster. An Archaeological Impact Assessment Miller, P London : Museum of London Archaeology Service, 2000, 38pp, figs, tabs, refs The desk-based based assessment considered the archaeological potential of the site and the impact proposed redevelopments could have. The site lay within the Area of Special Archaeological Priority, as major concentrations of settlement were known from historic and archaeological sources. The site lay within the nationally important 7th-9th century Saxon town of Lundenwic and within a probable 7th century cemetery. The basements of the present buildings may have removed some of the horizontal archaeological stratigraphy but deeper local cut features from this period such as graves, ditches, wells and refuse pits were likely to have survived beneath the basement slabs. However, because of the natural topographic slope in the vicinity, there may have been better archaeological survival beneath the southern basement areas. The archaeological potential of the site was therefore found to consist primarily in Saxon features such as burials, pits, and ditches with perhaps areas of truncated occupation deposits to the south. The proposed development was likely to impact on the above mentioned archaeological features in relation to refurbishment works within the existing buildings, in particular those located in the basement areas. [Au(abr)] 1 /187 (B.01.6118) TQ 36018180 14 WALEY STREET, STEPNEY Archaeological Desk-Based Assessment. 14 Waley Street, Stepney, London, E1 Hawkins, D London : CgMs Consulting, 2000, 113pp, figs, refs Work undertaken by: CgMs Consulting An archaeological desk-based assessment was undertaken prior to residential development. No finds of any of the prehistoric periods were recorded within 300m of the study site. A small assemblage of Roman finds were recorded within 300m of the site in the area of White Horse Lane. Overall the archaeological potential of the site, prior to its quarrying for brick-earth, could be defined as low to moderate and now as non-existent. Despite documentary evidence for a Saxon settlement at Stepney there was no evidence for its extent or form. A single find of Saxon date was recorded within 300m of the site, a pit from Stepney High Street. The site was believed to have been located open agricultural land until the mid-18th century, when it was quarried for brick-earth and then developed in the period c.1805 to 1810. The 'Prince of Wales' public house was first built in c.1805 and was rebuilt in c.1880. Overall, the archaeological potential of the site for this period could be defined as low. Due to past post-depositional impacts the site no longer had any archaeological potential. [Au(abr)] 1 /188 (B.01.6109) TQ 30258075 15-16 BEDFORD STREET, COVENT GARDEN 15/16 Bedford Street, Covent Garden, London. Archaeological Desk Study Hughes, R London : Richard Hughes, Consulting Archaeologist, 2000, 120pp, figs, tabs, refs Work undertaken by: Richard Hughes, Consulting Archaeologist The archaeological desk-based assessment was commissioned in relation to the proposed upgrading of the structure, rooms and facilities within 15-16 Bedford Street. The history of the site had been documented by a study of historical maps, books and articles. Archaeological evidence from the area of 1
the development site had also been examined in the form of the SMR held by English Heritage. A major part of the research had been to locate information concerning the setting of the site in relation to the Mid Saxon settlement of London - Lundenwic or 'The Strand Settlement'. This data showed the site to be located in an area now known to be the centre of the Mid Saxon and possibly Early Saxon occupation. Since then the site had a long and varied history with significant post-medieval remains. [Au(abr)] 1 /189 (B.01.6143) TQ 27607960 198 KNIGHTSBRIDGE 198 Knightsbridge, City of Westminster, London SW7. An Archaeological Assessment Hemley, S Twickenham : AOC Archaeology Group, 2000, 37pp, figs, refs An archaeological desk-based assessment was undertaken in support of a planning application for residential redevelopment of the site. Although there had been very little study of any kind of Knightsbridge's history, a survey of historical and archaeological sources relevant to the site revealed activity or possible activity at a number of different periods. Borehole records from Knightsbridge Green and adjacent sites revealed that the underlying drift geology was up to 10m of alluvial material overlying London Clay and the terrace gravels in places. These deposits were all likely to be Palaeolithic in date. It had long been thought that a Roman road formerly ran down the line of Piccadilly and along Knightsbridge. The historic boundary of Knightsbridge and Kensington, running to the north of Brompton Road and through the southern half of the Knightsbridge site, could also represent the former line of such an early road. There was evidence to suggest that Knightsbridge had some form of independent status in the Saxon period, when it was granted to Westminster Abbey by Edward the Confessor. Medieval records suggested that it formerly extended further to the north, across the modern area of Kensington Park, on the west side of the Westbourne stream, joining up with the manor of Westbourne, with which it formed a single manor in the medieval period. It seemed likely that any settlement at these periods, as in the early post-medieval period, was focused on the road junction at Knightsbridge Green. [Au(abr)] 1 /190 (B.01.6108) TQ 30228037 22-25 NORTHUMBERLAND AVENUE 22-25 Northumberland Avenue, London WC2, City of Westminster. An Archaeological Impact Assessment Tyler, K London : Museum of London Archaeology Service, 2000, 45pp, figs, tabs, refs The archaeological desk-based assessment considered the archaeological potential of the site, and the impact the proposed redevelopment would have. Probable archaeological deposits and features consisted, in summary, of prehistoric features associated with the Thames floodplain alluvium, Saxon features associated with the site's proximity to the Thames and medieval and post-medieval buildings dating from the 13th century onwards. The principle impact of the proposed works would involve the construction of a new basement at a level lower than that of the current basement. This would truncate archaeological deposits and features, which may have survived beneath the existing basement slab. The report concluded that further investigation (field evaluation) may be necessary to determine the exact nature and depth of such deposits. [Au(abr)] 1 /191 (B.01.6041) TQ 28107549 33-39 KNIGHTSBRIDGE An Archaeological Assessment of 33-39 Knightsbridge, SW1. London Hemley, S Twickenham : AOC Archaeology Group, 2000, 35pp, figs, refs 2
An archaeological desk-based assessment was undertaken in respect of the proposed construction of two basemented residential buildings. It was believed that a Roman road formerly ran down the line of Piccadilly and along Knightsbridge. The historic boundary of Knightsbridge and Kensington, which did not respect any modern topographic features, running to the north of Brompton Road and through the southern half of Knightsbridge Green, could also have represented the former line of such an early road. Evidence suggested that Knightsbridge had some form of independent status in the Saxon period, when it was granted to Westminster Abbey by Edward the Confessor. Medieval records suggested that it formerly extended further to the north, across the modern area of Kensington Park, on the west side of the Westbourne Stream, joining up with the manor of Westbourne, with which it formed a single manor in the medieval period. It seemed likely that any settlement in these periods was focused on the road junction at Knightsbridge Green. Although the area of Knightsbridge, the site and its vicinity proved to have had a history of human activity, it was deemed extremely unlikely that archaeological deposits remained upon the proposed development site due to the nature and depth of the current basements. [Au(abr)] 1 /192 (B.01.6045) TQ 28307845 59-63 PIMLICO ROAD AND 16 BLOOMFIELD TERRACE An Archaeological Assessment of 59-63 Pimlico Road and 16 Bloomfield Terrace, London, SW1 Hemley, S Twickenham : AOC Archaeology Group, 2000, 36pp, figs, refs An archaeological desk-based assessment was undertaken in relation to the proposed redevelopment of the site. The site was not located within an Area of Archaeological Priority and did not contain any SAMs. It did, however, contain a Grade II Listed Building, 16 Bloomfield and was situated within The Belgravia Conservation Area. There was little evidence of activity occurring in the vicinity of the proposed development site until the medieval period when the area began to expand. However, the site itself was utilised as open ground until the mid-19th century. The formation of Bloomfield Terrace, which were all Grade II listed, could be dated to c. 1840's. Possible palaeochannels, dating to the prehistoric period and the post-medieval remains of foundations of the internal dividing walls within, what was currently, the builders yard could have remained. There was also the possibility of medieval remains, as the site lay adjacent to a medieval road junction. The proposed redevelopment would have some impact upon any archaeological remains and it was recommended that a watching brief be undertaken upon the site. [Au(abr)] 1 /193 (B.01.6120) TQ 29697852 60 VAUXHALL BRIDGE ROAD 60 Vauxhall Bridge Road, London SW1, City of Westminster. A Revised Archaeological Assessment Elsden, N J London : Museum of London Archaeology Service, 2000, 34pp, figs, tabs, refs An archaeological desk-based assessment was undertaken to assess the archaeological implications of the proposed development. A moderate potential for prehistoric archaeological remains was identified, due to the topographic location on what may have been a low lying eyot, and illustrated by residual prehistoric pottery from Vincent Square, bronze weapons found in Pimlico and Millbank, and other isolated finds from the study area. There was a low potential for remains from other periods, from the Roman through to the post-medieval period. The latter may include Civil War defences and a late 18th century building. The impact of 19th century buildings on potential remains was unknown, and may have been confined to those along Douglas Street. The proposed development would have a high impact upon potential archaeological remains, completely truncating any surviving archaeological deposits. It was therefore recommended that an archaeological field evaluation should be conducted outside of the area of the existing basement, in order to determine whether archaeological remains were present on the site, their nature and date. [Au(abr)] 3
1 /194 (B.01.6117) TQ 29258011 74 ST. JAMES STREET AND 14 LITTLE ST. JAMES STREET Archaeological Desk-Based Assessment. 74 St. James Street and 14 Little St. James Street, London SW1 Kain, A & Stephenson, A London : CgMs Consulting, 2000, 33pp, figs, refs Work undertaken by: CgMs Consulting An archaeological desk-based assessment was undertaken in relation to proposed developments. The report concluded that the site had a low archaeological potential for in-situ Palaeolithic faunal remains, human activity of the prehistoric periods, or indeed the Roman, Saxon, medieval and early postmedieval periods. The site's archaeological potential for the post-medieval periods (from c.1660) was good in the non-basemented parts of the site, and non-existent in the basemented areas. The site had been subject to a number of post-depositional impacts, namely the foundations of 74 St James' Street and 14 Little St James' Street and their associated basements. The construction of the piles and pile caps for the 1960's construction in the central part of the site would also have severely impacted any underlying archaeological deposits. At this stage, however, the potential for archaeological deposits to survive between the pile caps could not be ruled out. [Au(adp)] 1 /195 (B.01.6141) TQ 28838145 9-10 CAVENDISH SQUARE Archaeological Desk Study for Site at 9-10 Cavendish Square, City of Westminster Mills Whipp Partnership London : Mills Whipp Partnership, 2000, 25pp, figs, tabs, refs Work undertaken by: Mills Whipp Partnership The assessment concluded that there was little reason on the basis of present knowledge to believe that the subject site had ever contained deposits of archaeological significance although the possibility of a occasional Palaeolithic hand axe turning up could never be wholly ruled out in this area of London. [Au(abr)] 1 /196 (B.01.6049) TQ 30158105 BLOCK C, MERCERS' COMPANY ESTATE, COVENT GARDEN An Archaeological Assessment of Mercers' Company Estate - Block C, Covent Garden, London, WC2 AOC Archaeology Group Twickenham : AOC Archaeology Group, 2000, 26pp, figs, tabs, refs The site lay within the Covent Garden Conservation Area; it did not contain any SAMs but lay within a Special Archaeological Priority Area, Lundenwic (Middle Saxon London). The site included 4 Listed Buildings: 116 Long Acre, 8 Mercer Street and two warehouses on Langley Street. A review of documentary, geological, archival and cartographic sources indicated that the site lay in an area known to have archaeological potential. There was little evidence for prehistoric or Roman occupation in the immediate area but the site lay on the edge of the important Middle Saxon settlement known as Lundenwic, which occupied approximately 60ha of the Strand/Aldwych Covent Garden area c. AD 680-860. It was thought that a substantial proportion of the deposits upon the site would have been truncated by the existing basements. Any features that may have survived would probably be in the form of cut features (pits, ditches and wells). From the information from Colette O'Shea of the Mercers' Company, a tunnel was found to exist underneath Langley Street leading from Block D of the Mercers' Company, towards Block C. [Au(abr)] 1 /197 (B.01.6115) TQ 30058021 CABINET OFFICE NEW ACCOMMODATION PROJECT, WHITEHALL Cabinet Office New Accommodation Project, Whitehall, London SW1, City of Westminster. An Archaeological Assessment 4
Watson, S London : Museum of London Archaeology Service, 2000, 36pp, figs, tabs, refs The desk-based assessment was undertaken as a planning condition relating to proposed developments. Historical and archaeological evidence suggested the site had a high potential for archaeological deposits from all periods and it fell within an Area of Special Archaeological Priority. The ancient topographical profile contained deposits (and associated floral and faunal remains) dating to the last interglacial period (122,000-128,000 years ago) and might have contained flint tools that could provide evidence of early human activity. The area was known to be a centre of Saxon and early medieval occupation. A watching brief had observed alluvial sediments in many of the pits, indicating the site overlay natural stream channels and masonry was observed in four of the test pits thought to have belonged to the earlier Admiralty building designed by Sir Christopher Wren in c.1695. Development on the site predominantly consisted of substructure repairs to the existing buildings; the exposure of an 18th century brick sewer, infilling of existing voids caused by rotting timber raft supports, and extensive underpinning to shore up the foundations. [Au(adp)] Archaeological periods represented: MD, PM, UD 1 /198 (B.01.6044) TQ 28578120 DOLCIS HOUSE, NEW BOND STREET An Archaeological Assessment of Dolcis House, New Bond Street, London, W1. City of Westminster Stabler, K Twickenham : AOC Archaeology Group, 2000, 36pp, figs, tabs, refs The desk-based assessment was undertaken in support of a planning application for the redevelopment of the site. The site lay within a Conservation Area but did not include any Listed Buildings and did not lie within a designated Area of Archaeological Priority, although it was adjacent to the Tyburn Settlement Area of Archaeological Priority. Documentary, geological, archival and cartographic sources indicated that the site appeared to have limited archaeological potential. Prior to the existing buildings 18th and 19th century land-use was characterised by retail and residential use and before this there was no evidence for building on the site, which had been pastureland. The underlying drift geology was Taplow Gravel in which Palaeolithic stone tools were sometimes found, the nearest site was in Trafalgar Square and probably didn't extend as far as Dolcis House. The proposed development would involve ground reduction of c.1m across the site, with limited deeper excavation to facilitate ground beams and piled foundations. Site investigation test pits and bore holes examined and recorded by AOC Archaeology demonstrated that late post-medieval structural remains and deposits had survived at the site. [Au(abr)] 1 /199 (B.01.6110) TQ 28857805 LAND AT PEABODY AVENUE, PIMLICO Archaeological Desk-Based Assessment. Land at Peabody Avenue, Pimlico, London Stephenson, A London : CgMs Consulting, 2000, 32ppp, figs, refs Work undertaken by: CgMs Consulting An archaeological desk-based assessment was undertaken as a result of a planning application for a largely residential development. The study found that this part of Pimlico was marshland during the prehistoric period and for a long time afterwards. Layers of peat marsh at a considerable depth below current ground level dated to various prehistoric periods and a few scattered early prehistoric finds had been recovered from the area but no major concentrations were found near the site. A major concentration of finds from the construction of Chelsea Bridge in the 19th century seemed to have been a product of some very local circumstances. There was no evidence of settlement nearby in the later prehistoric or Roman periods, after which time the area continued to be used for agricultural purposes until the late post-medieval period. Only a few farms and other buildings predated the Grosvenor Estates in Pimlico and Belgravia. Since the late-19th century the site was used for housing. The existing and previously existing buildings had some minor basementing in them and several blocks at the southern end were badly damaged by World War II bombing. As finds were unlikely and the 5
prehistoric marshes were at a depth below the new development foundations, no further archaeological work was recommended. [Au(adp)] 1 /200 (B.01.6116) TQ 29728061 PANTON HOUSE, 25-26 HAYMARKET & 39-40 PANTON STREET Panton House, 25-26 Haymarket & 39-40 Panton Street, London SW1. City of Westminster. An Archaeological Assessment Miller, PLondon : Museum of London Archaeology Service, 2000, 29pp, figs, tabs, refs An archaeological desk-based assessment was undertaken in relation to the refurbishment and redevelopment of Panton House. Although it did not fall within one of the City Council's defined Areas of Special Archaeological Priority, the site was directly to the western limit of the Middle Saxon settlement of Lundenwic. Consultation of the GLSMR, archaeological archives of archaeological sites in the vicinity and other historical data indicated a good potential for archaeology of local and regional significance with particular reference to occupation from the 17th century. Although the existing 20th century building on the site was basemented, it was possible that deep cut archaeological features relating to land-use activity and occupation from the 17th century or earlier may have survived below the existing basement slab. The proposed options for development would have probably affected any surviving archaeological material. [Au(abr)] 1 /201 (B.01.6112) TQ 28907875 THE BLUE CROSS NEW VICTORIA ANIMALS' HOSPITAL, 1-5 HUGH STREET The Blue Cross New Victoria Animals' Hospital, 1-5 Hugh Street, London SWIV 1QQ, City of Westminster. An Archaeological Impact Assessment Cowan, C London : Museum of London Archaeology Service, 2000, 26pp, figs, tabs, refs The desk-based assessment considered the archaeological potential of the site and the likely impact on this of the proposed redevelopment. Archaeological potential was found to be concerned with prehistoric alluvial deposits formed by the tributaries of the River Thames, the rivers Westbourne and Tyburn. Nearby site investigations had revealed part of a Mesolithic/Neolithic lake and further remains of this may have survived across the study site. Bronze Age metalwork in the vicinity indicated a potential for prehistoric settlement. Ground reduction for the proposed development would be kept to a minimum and proposed ground beams and pile caps would not significantly affect deeply buried deposits. The piling works for the proposed new hospital would impact upon these deposits. [Au(abr)] 1 /202 (B.01.6111) TQ 29508080 THE MOULIN SITE, GREAT WINDMILL STREET Archaeological Desk-Based Assessment. The Moulin Site, Great Windmill Street, City of Westminster, London W1 Stephenson, A London : CgMs Consulting, 2000, 33pp, figs, tabs, refs Work undertaken by: CgMs Consulting An archaeological desk-based assessment was undertaken prior to the proposed redevelopment of the site. Because all the properties on the site had a single basement, it was safe to assume that virtually all, if not all, of any possible archaeological remains would have been removed. Research revealed that a small Roman settlement might have existed nearby and that in the medieval period, before the construction of the Great Windmill in the late 16th century, the site was fields. Whilst the basements would have removed any remains, which may have related to these periods, there was a chance that foundation traces of the windmill or associated buildings, may exist beneath the foundations of the buildings fronting on to Great Windmill Street, especially the Lyric Pub. However, the building materials would probably have been recovered when the windmill was demolished. Palaeolithic remains consisting of 12 struck flints had been found within a 200m radius of the site. This was not a 6
large number considering the size of the area but it may have been considered sufficient to justify testing the subsoil against the published criteria of English Heritage for evaluating such remains. [Au(adp)] 1 /203 (B.01.6113) TQ 29527910 TOWNSEND HOUSE/EMMANUEL HOUSE, GREYCOTE PLACE Townsend House/Emmanuel House, Greycoat Place, London SW1. Archaeological Desktop Assessment Mills Whipp Partnership London : Mills Whipp Partnership, 2000, 21pp, figs, refs Work undertaken by: Mills Whipp Partnership The site was not within an Area of Special Archaeological Priority as defined in the City of Westminster. There was no direct evidence of any significant settlement or occupation at the site. The first known buildings dated to the mid-18th century, before this the site lay within open fields. However, the local authority had required archaeological investigations be carried out in the site area because potential prehistoric deposits existed, buried beneath alluvial deposits. There were existing basements across most of the site, which would have reduced its archaeological potential. There was also evidence of large scale quarrying for sand in the area, which would have destroyed most, if not all, archaeological evidence where it occurred. [Au(adp)] 1 /204 (B.01.6142) TQ 29908040 TRAFALGAR SQUARE World Squares For All. Technical Note 41. Archaeological Appraisal WS Atkins Consultants Ltd Epsom : WS Atkins Consultants Ltd, 2000, 12pp, figs, refs Work undertaken by: WS Atkins Consultants Ltd An appraisal of the archaeological remains below Trafalgar Square was prepared in advance of the redevelopment of the Square as part of the World Squares For All project. Past investigations in the area had revealed archaeological deposits surviving below ground level. The remains may be disturbed by the ground works for the scheme. Although its seemed likely the area was utilised by the Romano- British inhabitants of Londinium, it was unlikely that Roman features would be uncovered during the development as the Roman layers were assumed to be deeper than the impact of the development. The area had particular potential to deliver evidence of the Saxon period. Evidence from the area has included 'dark earth' deposits, from which useful environmental data can be gained. Medieval evidence in the area was likely to consist of structural remains, which may be close to the present ground surface. Cut features representing earlier phases of the Kings Mews may also have survived below the northern part of the Square. Stone walls possibly belonging to the 16th century phase of the Kings Mews were uncovered during a watching brief in the Square, and there were likely to be more structural remains below ground, particularly in the northern part of the Square. An important aspect of the archaeology in the area was the possible survival of early roads, many of which were below present alignments. Whitehall and the Strand were both thought to be medieval thoroughfares. [Au(abr)] Archaeological periods represented: EM, MD, PM 1 /205 (B.01.6119) TQ 30108100 WELLINGTON HOUSE, 6-9 UPPER ST MARTIN'S LANE Archaeological Desktop Assessment of Wellington House, 6-9 Upper St Martin's Lane, London WC2 Mills Whipp Partnership London : Mills Whipp Partnership, 2000, 35pp, figs, tabs, refs Work undertaken by: Mills Whipp Partnership An archaeological desk-based assessment was undertaken prior to proposals for redevelopment. The site had been redeveloped a number of times each time causing damage to any earlier deposits lying on the site. The insertion of 17th, 18th, 19th and 20th century basements across almost the whole site 7
would have removed most of the earlier Saxon stratigraphy. Only two parts did not appear to have been basemented, but both these areas had been disturbed by petrol tanks and modern foundations. It was unlikely that any significant prehistoric, Roman, medieval or post-medieval remains lay within the site. Evidence of the Middle Saxon town of Lundenwic probably would and the bases of deeply cut features, such as wells and pits, were likely to have been found beneath the present basement slabs. In those areas of the site with no basements, fragments of occupation levels and structural features be present, together with pits, ditches and wells. The proposed development would remove any archaeological deposits which may have been present. [Au(adp)] 8