Greece. Decorated vases: from geometric to red figure, humanism, strategies of visual story-telling, Exekias

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Greece Decorated vases: from geometric to red figure, humanism, strategies of visual story-telling, Exekias Statuary: from Archaic (Kouros) to Classical (Contrapposto), realism and idealization, Polykleitos and his Canon Architecture: The Greek temple, Doric and Ionic orders, The Parthenon, style and context Hellenism: losers, unbalanced poses, dynamism, realism

Funerary krater, from the Dipylon cemetry, Athens, c. 750-700 BCE, h. 42 5/8 Met

Ti Watching a Hippopotamus Hunt. Painted limestone relief ñ. 2400 B.C.. Tomb of Ti, Saqqara Funerary krater, from the Dipylon cemetry, Athens, c. 750-700 BCE, h. 42 5/8 Met

Humanism: an outlook or system of thought attaching prime importance to human rather than divine or supernatural matters. Humanist beliefs stress the potential value and goodness of human beings, emphasize common human needs, and seek rational ways of solving human problems Keith Haring, Ignorance=Fear, Silence=Death, poster, 1989

Archaic Period, 600-480 Exekias, Achilles and Ajax playing a dice game (detail from an Attic black-figure amphora), from Vulci, Italy, ca. 540-530 BC

Technique: black figure vs. red figure Exekias, Achilles and Ajax playing a dice game (detail from an Attic blackfigure amphora), from Vulci, Italy, ca. 540-530 BC Herakles driving a bull to sacrifice, c. 525-520, red-figure decoration, h. 20 15/16, Mus of Fine Arts, Boston

Details: Exekias, Achilles and Ajax playing a dice game, black figure decoration; Herakles driving a bull to sacrifice, c. 525-520, red-figure decoration

Kouros, ca. 600 BCE, marble, h. 6 Met

Archaic Style: - Frontality - Geometric simplification (hair) - Rigidity - Archaic smile

From Archaic to Classical Polykleitos, Doryphoros (Spear Bearer), Roman copy after a bronze original of ca. 450-440

Classical contrapposto (counterbalance) - human body as a structure, - Balance: shift of weight around the flexible axis of the spine - The frontal character of earlier statues has been broken: motion while at rest - Combination of realism and idealization - Polykleitos wrote the Canon (Greek for measure, rule, or law ), where he theorized the recipe of beauty

Polykleitos, Doryphoros (Spear Bearer), Roman copy from Pompeii, Italy, after a bronze original of ca. 450-440

Main similarities: the Pediment Both Doric and Ionic façades have triangular sculpted pediments

Main similarities: the structure Both Doric and Ionic orders have a clear and simple POST-LINTEL structure based on vertical elements (columns), horizontal elements (stairs, entablature)

Main differences: the column Between column and floor there is a base

Main differences: the column Ionic shaft: more elongated proportions

Main differences: the column Distinctive scrolled volute The capital (between column and architrave) has a simple, geometrical shape

Main differences: the frieze The frieze is composed by an alternation of geometric sections (triglyphs), and figural sections of sculpted reliefs (metopes) The frieze is a unique sculpted relief strand that develops all around the building without interruption

The Erechtheion(deta il of Ionic oder) Greece, ARCH 0-3C GRE 220246 Location:, Date: circa 420 BC Temple of Hera at Paestum,detail of Doric column capitals, Paestum,Italy, circa 460 BC

Doric Temple of Hera II, Paestum, Italy, ca. 460 BC

Metopes from the Temple C at Selinus, 550 BC Equestrian group from the north frieze of the Parthenon 442 BC-439 BC

-a mathematical relationship obtained harmony of architectural parts to one another (the ratio 4:9) - Idealization - correct the eye: There are adjustments to compensate for optical illusions - stylistic inconsistence (Doric + Ionic) Iktinos and Kallikrates, Parthenon (the temple of Athena Parthenos), Athens, 447-438 BC

The Acropolis - political background: Greeks vs. Persians (499-449 BCE) Athens dominant role over other poleis Iktinos and Kallikrates, Parthenon (the temple of Athena Parthenos), Athens, 447-438 BC

Hellenism 323-30 BCE Subject matter: Defeated BARBARIAN Epigonos (?), Dying Gallic Trumpeter, Roman copy after the original bronze of 220 BCE. Marble, h. 36 1/2, Capitoline Museum, Rome

HELLENISTIC SCULPTURE: 1) DIVERSE SUBJECT 2) EMOTIONALISM -EMPATHY 4) SRTONG REALISM (ALSO UNPLEASANT DETAILS) 3) UN-BALANCED POSE, DYNAMISM (TRANSITIONAL MOMENT)

Asymmetry, instability, and dynamism: main features of Hellenistic art Dynamism at 3 levels: -figures in movement -diagonal lines, asymmetrical compositions -subject matter: transformation (life/ death)

Old woman, Roman copy, 1st century CE, marble, h. 49 1/2, Met

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