General characteristics Official denomination Republic of Hungary Surface area, sq. km 93,3 Population in thousand a 1,64 Population density, inhabitants per sq. km 18 Distribution of surface by height above sea level, % Below 2 m 2 4 m Above 4 m 84 14 2 The largest latitudinal distance., km 528 The largest longitudinal distance., km 268 Length of state borders, km 2,246 Distribution of nationalities, % Official language Currency per 1 Euro (yearly average exchange rate) per 1 USD (yearly average exchange rate) a) Preliminary data of January 1 st 27. Hungarian (96.9) Gipsy (1.9), German (.6), Slovakian (.2), Croatian (.2), other (.2) Hungarian forint (HUF) 264.27 HUF 21.51 HUF Population Density, 1 January 27 Western Transdanubia Central Transdanubia Southern Transdanubia Central Hungary Northern Southern Great Hungary Northern Great Plain Plain Number of inhabitants per square km 11 to 415 76 to 1 68 to 75 1
Demography Composition of population 199 21 27 at the beginning of the year Males, thousand 4,985 4,851 4,778 Females, thousand 5,39 5,349 5,286 Total, thousand 1,375 1,2 1,64 Number of females per thousand males 1,81 1,13 1,16 Number of foreign citizens residing in Hungary, thousand 138 a 11 164 Of which by nationality, %: Romanian Ukrainian Serbian and Montenegrin 5 3 11 38 8 12 43 b 1 b 9 b a) 1995. b) 26. The number of births per 1, inhabitants reached 9.9, the highest rate of the recent 1 years in Hungary. The number of deaths decreased, nevertheless it still strongly surpasses that of births. Natural decrease caused a drop of 32 thousand, while international migration resulted in a rise of 19 thousand in the number of inhabitants. In this way, the number of inhabitants was 13 thousand below the level of the previous year. Million 1 Population by age-group (at the beginning of the year) 8 6 4 2 199 21 27 14 15 64 65 2
Demography Vital statistics 199 2 26 Per thousand inhabitants marriages divorces live births deaths 6.4 2.4 12.1 14. 4.7 2.3 9.6 13.3 4.4 2.4 9.9 13.1 Infant mortality (per thousand live-born) 14.8 9.2 5.7 Average life expectancy at birth, year males females 65.1 73.7 67.1 75.6 68.6 a 76.9 a a) 25. The demographic reason for the rise of number of births in the recent years is that generations of women of child-bearing age over 3 succeeded in counterbalancing the plummeting childbirths of younger generations. The transformation of forms of co-habitation contributed to the fact that the share of births outside marriage rose from 13% in 199 to 36% in 26. Infant mortality decreased below 6 thousandths. Natural decrease Per thousand inhabitants 16 14 12 Natural decrease 1 8 4 2 Live births Deaths 199 1994 1998 22 26 3
Demography Distribution of settlements and population by number of inhabitants, January 1 st 26 Number of inhabitants Number of settlements Number of population, thousand Distribution of population, % 499 5 999 1, 1,999 2, 4,999 5, 9,999 1, 49,999 5, 99,999 1, 24,293 Budapest 1,46 674 651 491 14 122 12 8 1 281 489 941 1,475 969 2,312 759 1,152 1,698 2.8 4.9 9.3 14.6 9.6 22.9 7.5 11.4 16.9 Central Hungary is the only region where the low level of natural decrease is parallel with a high level of net internal and international migration. Thus the actual number of inhabitants increased by 15,2 in one year. The number of live births per 1, inhabitants is the highest in Northern Great Plain (1.5), while the death rate is the lowest here (12.5). The number of deaths per 1, inhabitants is the highest in Northern Hungary, 13.8, and Southern Great Plain has a hardly lower level. Increase or decrease of population, 26 Western Transdanubia Central Transdanubia Southern Transdanubia Central Hungary Northern Southern Great Hungary Northern Great Plain Plain Actual increase/ decrease to 15,2 increase 4,85 to 1 decrease 8,55 to 4,851 decrease 4
Health Distribution of deaths by cause (%) Cause of death 199 2 26 Heart diseases 28. 28.5 34.7 Malignant neoplasms 21.4 24.5 22.9 Cerebro-vascular diseases 14.7 14. 11.8 Arteriosclerosis 7.8 5.6 4. Liver diseases 3.7 5.1 3.9 Bronchitis, pulmonary emphysema, asthma 3.3 2.8 3.6 Accidents 6. 4.3 3.5 Basic health care is provided by more than 5 thousand general practitioners and nearly 16 family paediatricians. There were 2 inhabitants per doctor on the average in 25. The number of consultations with the GP and that of home visits amounted to 12 thousand. The main reason for adult population consulting with the GP was hypertonia, annual number of cases approaching 2 millions. The number of consultations with family paediatricians is an annual average of 6 thousand. This is complemented by 66 home visits, 37% of which was carried out with the aim of prevention. Road traffic accidents Accidents, thousand 3 25 2 15 1 5 Persons killed, thousand 3. 2.5 2. 1.5 1..5 199 1995 2 26. Number of accidents, thousand Persons killed, thousand 5
Health Dispensaries and hospitals 199 2 26 Consultations in pulmonary dispensaries, thousand 2,77 2,35 1,948 Consultations in psychiatric dispensaries, thousand 921 1,262 1,482 Consultations in addictology dispensaries, thousand 29 178 162 Number of operating hospital beds 11,954 83,43 79,847 Operating hospital beds per 1 inhabitants 983 818 793 Patients discharged, thousand 2,258 2,61 2,716 Average length of treatment, days 12.7 8.9 7.9 The number of hospital beds dropped by one fifth in the last 16 years in Hungary, however, the number of beds per ten thousand inhabitants is still high in international comparison. Three quarters of the 8 thousand hospital beds is in acute wards. The number of such beds in acute wards was 6 per ten thousand inhabitants, compared with the rate of 4 of EU average. The occupancy rate of hospital beds is 79%. Public medicament turnover Billion HUF 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 2 23 26 % 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 1 Turnover, billion HUF Price index of pharmaceutical products, % (2=1) 6
Employment, unemployment Number of employed persons by industries, 26 Persons, Of which: share of thousand females, % Agriculture 19.8 25.5 Industry 947.8 37.5 Construction 321.6 6.7 Trade and repair 582. 53.7 Hotels and restaurants 157.2 55.9 Transport, storage and communication 31.3 27.3 Financial intermediation 8.3 65.4 Real estate, renting and business activities 282.8 44.2 Public administration, defence, compulsory social security, education, health, social work, other community, social and personal service activities 1,66.3 66.3 Total 3,93.1 45.6 55% of the population aged 15-74 in 26, i.e. 4 million 247 persons were economically active, 42 thousand more than in 25. 3 million 93 thousand of them were employed and 317 thousand were unemployed. The number of those economically inactive, belonging to this age-group amounted to 3 million 475 thousand. The largest group of inactive people were the pension recipients, accounting for 56%. The share of those studying in full-time education was 23%, that of child-care recipients was 8% and 13% belonged to the category of other dependent. Employment rate, 26 Western Transdanubia Central Transdanubia Southern Transdanubia Central Hungary Northern Southern Great Hungary Northern Great Plain Plain As a % of economically active persons 55.1 to 56.2 5.1 to 55. 45.1 to 5. 44.3 to 45. 7
Employment, unemployment Unemployment 2 26 Number of unemployed persons 263.7 316.8 of which: males females 158.9 14.8 164.6 152.2 Unemployment rate, % 6.4 7.5 of which: males females Distribution of the unemployed by length of search for job, % 6 months 7 11 months 12 months or more 7. 5.6 34.6 16.3 49.1 7.2 7.8 36.4 16.8 46.8 Out of the 317 thousand unemployed persons in 26 - excluding those starting a new job within 9 days - 144 thousand had been seeking a job for one year or longer. The average length of search was 16.5 months in 26. Broken down by age-groups, it is the unemployment of the young (between 15 and 24 years) that is the highest, 19.1%. Unemployment rate of females had been below that of males for a long time, equalling it in 24, and surpassing it since then. Unemployment rate, 26 Western Transdanubia Central Transdanubia Southern Transdanubia Central Hungary Northern Southern Great Hungary Northern Great Plain Plain % 9.6 to 11. 7.6 to 9.5 5.1 to 7.5 8
Living standards Average gross monthly earnings, 26 HUF Purchasing Power Standard (PPS) Business sector 162,391 1,8 Manual workers 111,722 743 Non-manual workers 259,73 1,723 Budgetary sector 193,924 1,29 Manual workers 113,819 754 Non-manual workers 219,341 1,459 National economy, total 171,239 1,139 Manual workers 111,843 744 Non-manual workers 239,4 1,593 Real value of earnings rose by 44% on the whole between 2 and 24. The rate of growth was uneven, real earnings increased by 9.7% annually between 21 and 23, followed by a drop of 1 percent in 24. Real earnings were 3.5% higher in 26 than in 25. Real value of earnings were strongly influenced by government measures in the whole of this period. Thousand HUF 14 12 1 8 Earnings 199= 1 14 13 12 11 6 4 2 2 21 22 23 24 25 26 1 9 8 7 Average net monthly earnings, thousand HUF Real earnings, 199=1 9
Living standards Pensions, child raising and family support, 26 Pensions Child-care allowance Child-care fee Family allowance* Amounts paid, billion HUF 2,51 55 69 329 Amounts paid as % of GDP 1.7.2.3 1.4 Average number of recipients, thousand 3,28 167 92 1,269 Average monthly amount of provision, per head, HUF 69,88 27,432 62,684 21,637 * The number of allowance recipients refers to families, the average amount of the allowance is calculated for one family. Monetary social incomes are mainly supporting the elderly, besides, significant amounts are spent on children and families with children. Among nonmonetary social incomes aiming to help the latter group, child welfare services provide free-of-charge assistance in solving social, mental hygienic, financial, life-style problems. Children or parents can claim for such help locally in 87% of Hungarian settlements. Pensions As a % of average earnings 199=1 68 14 66 13 64 12 62 11 6 1 58 9 56 8 54 7 52 6 5 5 199 1995 2 26 Average pensions as a % of average earnings Real pensions, 199= 1 1
Living standards Distribution of household consumption expenditures (at current prices) 1996 2 24 Food 22.6 19.4 17.4 Alcoholic beverages and tobacco 8.1 8.3 8.7 Clothing and footwear 4.9 4.6 3.9 Housing, water, furnishing, household equipment 26.9 25.8 25.6 Health 2.9 3.4 3.6 Transport, communication 15.5 19.6 19.4 Recreation, culture, education, hotels and restaurants 14.2 13.7 13.8 Other 4.9 5.2 7.6 Total 1. 1. 1. Consumption of households rose by an annual 6% between 2 and 25. The rate of change was more moderate in 26, reaching only 2.6%. Food consumption within this is growing slowly, its share diminishing. Daily calory intake per inhabitant is nearly 14 thousand kj on the national average, 26% more than the phsyiologically recommended value. Composition of nutrients is slowly changing: shares of sugar and flour are slightly decreasing, while those of meat and especially of vegetables and fruits are increasing. (%) % 8 7 6 Consumer durables in households 2 25 5 4 3 2 1 Microwave oven VCR Passenger car Hifi-set CD-player DVD-player 11
Living standards Change of consumer prices by main groups of commodities Annual average rate of change, 21 26 Rate of change in 26, compared to 25 Food 6.4 7.7 Alcoholic beverages, tobacco 8.4 4.3 Clothing and footwear 2.5.7 Consumer durables 1.5 4. Electricity, gas and other fuels 8.3 6.4 Other goods, including motor fuels and lubricants 4. 2.7 Services 6.6 4.1 Total 5.6 3.9 (%) Average growth of consumer prices was 3.9% in 26, with significant differences among diverse social strata. Consumer price index of pensioners was 15.%, while active households experienced a price rise of 3.4%. Out of the households, price index of those belonging to the category of low income indicated a growth higher than the average, 4.8%, while highincome households had an index of 13.3% as a result of their different consumption structure. % 35 Consumer prices of selected goods (1995= 1) 3 25 2 15 1 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2 21 22 23 24 25 26 Consumer prices, total Petrol (96) Bread Beef 12
Education Number of students in tertiary education by fields of training Students total, thousand 21 26 Of which students in full-time education, % Teacher training and education science 47.4 45.9 49. Arts 4.6 5.8 86.4 Humanities 23.2 28.6 77.6 Social sciences 29.8 31.7 65.1 Business and administration 66.9 95.7 45.9 Law 17.6 18.2 54.3 Science 5.4 9.4 92.7 Engineering, manufacturing and construction; computing 54.6 63.9 75.8 Agriculture 14.7 1.8 59. Health and welfare 25.3 33.6 63.2 Services 23.8 32.3 48.9 Total 313.2 375.8 59.8 78% of the population aged 25-64 in Hungary had at least a secondary qualification in 26. The same rate among those aged 2-24 years was 83%. 18% of the population between 25 and 64 years had a tertiary qualification. The shares of those having completed primary school education as well as tertiary degree holders was above the average among males, while the share of secondary school G. C. E. holders was higher than the average among females. 53% of university and college education participants were females; within the fields of training, their shares were outstanding (over 7%) in health, humanities, special education, primary school teacher and nursery school instructor, as well as in social fields. Thousand 1, 8 6 4 2 Students in secondary and tertiary education Tertiary education in part-time forms Full-time tertiary education Secondary education for adults Full-time secondary education 199 1995 2 26 13
Culture Main cultural indicators 1995 2 26 Library units lent per inhabitant a 3,6 3,4 3,2 b Number of libraries a 3,648 3,132 3,23 b Registered users, thousands a 1,382 1,357 1,454 b Theatre attendances per hundred inhabitants 4 39 43 Museum attendances per hundred inhabitants 89 99 116 Concert attendences per thousand inhabitants 45 42 4 Number of daily newspapers 41 35 36 b Copies of daily newspapers, million 641 579 661 b a) Public libraries. b) 25. The number of cinema attendances dropped from 15 in 22 to 119 in 26, while box-office receipts rose from HUF 722 to 829 during this period. Nearly half of the films shown were American, beside this the number of French and Hungarian films appearing on the screen is also high. 14 to 15% of cinema-goers watch Hungarian films. Number and copies of published books Published books, thousand Copies, million 16 14 14 12 12 1 1 8 8 6 6 4 4 2 2 199 1995 2 25 Number of published books and booklets Copies 14
Legal and public security Main criminal indicators 2 26 Change compared to 2, % Number of discovered crimes 45,673 425,941 5.5 against the person of which: homicide violating traffic rules against law and order economic frauds against property Number of discovered perpetrators Number of persons with definitive sentence 16,591 23 19,566 76,312 1,986 311,611 16,26 174 21,67 83,318 17,862 26,147 2. 14,3 +1.8 +9.2 +62.6 16.5 122,86 124,171 +1.1 95,213 97,444 +2.3 The number of natural persons offended as a result of discovered crimes was 233 thousand in 26. 2.5% of discovered natural persons offended were children, aged -13 years, 3.9% of them were juveniles (14 to 17 years old), 15.5% were 6 years or over. Share of offended persons decreased in case of all these categories compared to the previous year. 74 thousand crimes were committed against organizations, almost 4% fewer than in 25. Number of discovered perpetrators per 1, inhabitants, 26 (by domicile) Western Transdanubia Central Transdanubia Southern Transdanubia Central Hungary Northern Southern Great Hungary Northern Great Plain Plain 1,31 to 1,425 1,151 to 1,3 1, to 1,15 15
Environment Protected natural areas and values Area (thousand hectares) Number National parks 486 1 Protected landscapes 324 36 Natural conservation reserves 29 144 Protected natural areas of local significance 39 1,287 Protected areas, total Of which: Biosphere reserves Ramsari areas (watery habitats) 878 13 18 1,477 5 23 Partly protected areas 1,17 Natural areas under any kind of protection, total 2,48 Caves Plants Animals Territory of Hungary is outstandingly rich in natural habitats and biocoenoeses. Our game stock is characterised by a relatively low number of small and a high number of big game. The latter has been prevailing for at least 5 years. Out of the nearly 5 thousand big game living in our forests, the roe-deer is represented by the highest share (63%), wild boars account for 16, red deer account for 15%. Fallow deer represent 4%, moufflons 2%. Area of our forests is 1.85 million hectares, more than one fifth of the forest stands being covered by black locust trees, another fifth by oaks, 13% by conifers, 11% by Turkey oak. 4,1 695 965 % 12 Emission of air pollutants (2=1) 11 1 9 8 7 6 5 4 Oxides of nitrogen Sulphur dioxide Methane Volatile (non-methane) organic compounds Carbon dioxide Carbon monoxide 2 21 22 23 24 16
Economic growth and level of development Distribution of gross value added by industries Gross domestic product (GDP) of Hungary has been growing at an even rate of 4 to 5% since the millennium. Within this period in 26 the economy expanded by 3.9% in spite of the boom experienced in the world and in Europe, so Hungary's dynamism was below the average of previous years. The background for this phenomenon is primarily the effect of measures aiming to restore economic equilibrium, causing a diminishing demand. GDP per capita in Purchasing Power Standard, 26 (EU-25=1) (at current prices) Industry 1995 2 26 Total, billion HUF 4,933 11,563 2,467 Of which: distribution, % Agriculture 6.7 5.4 4.3 Industry 26.3 27.2 26. Construction 4.6 5. 4.7 Trade and repair; hotels and restaurants 13.3 12.5 12.6 Transport, storage and communication 9. 8.3 7.6 Real estate, renting and business activities 19.6 2.1 22. Public administration, defence; compulsory social security; health and social work, education Other community, social and personal service activities 16.9 17.4 18.4 3.6 4.1 4.4 Slovenia Czech Republic Estonia Hungary Slovakia Lithuania Latvia Poland Romania Bulgaria 25 5 75 1% 17
Economic growth and level of development Use of gross domestic product (previous year=1.) Use 21 22 23 24 25 26 Gross domestic product (GDP) 14.1 14.4 14.2 14.8 14.1 13.9 Actual final consumption of households Actual final consumption of government 15.7 19.9 17.8 13.2 13.9 11.9 11. 15.3 15.1 99.9 99.9 1.2 Gross fixed capital formation 15.2 11.2 12.2 17.6 15.3 97.9 Exports 18.1 13.9 16.2 115.7 111.5 117.9 Imports 15.3 16.8 19.3 114.1 16.9 112.4 In 26 structure of use side of GDP was different from the one seen in the last 1 years from many aspects. Gross fixed capital formation decreased, consumption expenditure rose at a slow rate, thus the source of growth became exclusively external trade. It happened for the first time for 1 years that the value of domestic use did not exceed that of gross domestic product. GDP per inhabitant as a % of national average, 25 Western Transdanubia Central Transdanubia Southern Transdanubia Central Hungary Northern Southern Great Hungary Northern Great Plain Plain 1.1 to 163.3 7.1 to 1. 63.6 to 7. 18
Economic growth and level of development Volume of investments (annual change, %) Industries 24 25 26 Industry 1.4 2.6 5.9 Transport, storage, communication 31.9 19.2 5.6 Real estate, renting, business activities 11.2 2. 4.1 Public administration, education, health 1.4 27.9 7.5 Other industries.9 6.4 3.7 Total 9.1 4.7 2. The share of investments of companies within total investments accounts for 65%, that of budgetary sector is 14%. The remaining 21% is linked to investments of household sector (non-market economic activity). The weight of households' investments rose parallel with the growth in the number of dwelling constructions at the beginning of the millennium, reaching 26% in 24. At the same time, the share of companies' investments dropped. This trend turned in 25 and the distribution of investments between companies and households in 26 was again similar to that measured 6 years before. Distribution of investments, 26 Agriculture, forestry and fishing 4% Public administration, education and health 8% Trade and repair 8% Industry 27% Other branches 9% Transport, storage, and communication 19% Real estate, renting and business activities 25% 19
Balance External trade of merchandises by groups of countries, 26 Groups of countries Imports Exports (%) European Union (EU-25) Of which: EU-15 New member states 67.5 56.7 1.8 74. 61. 13. Extra-EU countries Of which: European countries Asian countries Countries of other continents The biggest main commodity group in external merchandise trade has been machineries and transport equipment for several years, representing 62 percent of the exports and 5 percent of the imports in 26. The most determinant products of the machinery export generally belong to the headings of telecommunication appliances as well as to the automotive industry (cellular phones, LCD television sets as well as automobiles and motor engines). A significant part of the machinery imports like parts and components serves the production of the abovementioned articles, arriving predominantly from the Far East region. The turnover of motor-cars also represents an important part of the imports, main suppliers being the EU member states. The largest markets of the machinery exports can also be found in the European Union. 32.5 14.2 16. 2.3 26. 15.6 5.3 5.1 Total 1. 1. Balance of external merchandise trade (at current prices) Billion HUF % 2 1 2 4 6 8 1, Billion HUF As a % of exports 1,2 199 1992 1994 1996 1998 2 22 24 26 1 2 3 4 5 6 2
Balance Consolidated balance of general government (on cash-flow basis) Denomination 1995 2 25 (Billion HUF) Revenues 2,623. 5,568.1 1,163.2 Expenditures 2,995.7 6,48.3 11,23.9 Balance (excluding revenues of privatization) 372.8 48.2 1,67.6 Balance as % of GDP 6.6 3.6 4.8 Central government gross debt amounted to HUF 14.7 trillion on cash-flow basis at the end of 26, i.e. 62.4% of GDP. A slightly rising share of the debt stock, more than 7% was liabilities in HUF, the rest being in foreign exchanges. More than 96% of forint liabilities and more than 8% of foreign exchange liabilities were government securities. Share of credits within total liabilities amounted to 8%. Balance of current account Million EUR % 1, 2 1, 2, 2 3, 4 4, 5, 6, 6 8 7, 8, 1 199 1995 2 26 Million EUR As % of GDP 21
Agriculture Livestock population, December 1 st (thousand) 1995 2 26 Cattle 928 85 72 Pig 5,32 4,834 3,987 Sheep 977 1,129 1,298 Poultry 35,659 37,16 39,677 Horse 71 75 6 The diminishing demand for agricultural products had an impact on animal husbandry stronger than on crops and horticulture, the former accounting for 39% of gross output of agriculture, while this share was 47% in 2. A reason for this loss of significance has been an EU support of smaller volume compared to that provided to crops and horticulture. Output of animal husbandry hardly changed between the mid-nineties and 23, although there was an annual fluctuation. The decline of 13% in output of slaughter animals, as well as a decreasing production of animal products (a 1% drop of cow milk and a 15% fall of eggs) significantly contributed to the decrease from 23. Production of wool, representing a smaller weight, is gradually increasing, while production of honey slightly fell after the record of 23. % 16 15 14 13 12 Gross production of agriculture (average of 1996 2=1) Crops and horticulture Animal husbandry Total 11 1 9 8 2 21 22 23 24 25 26 22
Agriculture Output of basic crops Average of 1996 2 21 25 (thousand tons) 25 26 Wheat 4,79 4,629 5,88 4,376 Maize 6,219 7,179 9,5 8,282 Sunflower 681 939 1,18 1,181 Sugar beet 3,328 2,86 3,516 2,454 Vegetables 1,683 1,846 1,547 1,779 Fruits 912 822 732 863 Grapes 671 632 476 523 38% of agricultural area in Hungary was cultivated by agricultural enterprises in 26, while 45% of it was used by private farms. Agricultural activity was pursued on three quarters of area unidentifiable to holdings. Share of private farmers is the highest in case of orchard and vineyard area, each representing 57%, and it is also private farmers who cultivate nearly half of arable land. Ton/hectare 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Average yield of main crops Maize Grapes Wheat Sunflower 1991 1995 1996 2 21 25 26 23
Industry Share of industrial branches in the output (%) Branch 1995 2 26 Mining and quarrying 1.1.5.5 Food industry 22.4 13.9 1.1 Manufacture of textiles and leather products 4.7 3.6 2. Manufacture of wood and wood products 5.9 4.9 3.8 Chemical industry 19.2 15.2 16.6 Building material industry 3.2 2.4 2.4 Metallurgy 1.5 7.3 7.9 Manufacture of machinery 19.5 42.5 49.2 Of which: manufacture of electric machinery and optical instrument 7.2 24.7 27.4 Electricity supply 12.1 8.4 6.4 Other 1.3 1.1 1.1 Production of renewable energy resources (hydroelectric and wind energy, fire-wood and other renewables) in 26 reached 47 PJ, providing more than one tenth of the total national production. As the majority of energy use in Hungary is covered by imports, the share of renewables within energy consumption was only slightly more than half of the EU average (6.3%) in 24. Industrial production, number of employees and productivity (1995=1) % 3 26 22 18 Industrial production Productivity Number of employees 14 1 6 1995 2 26 24
Industry Distribution of industrial output and sales by enterprise size, 26 Category (number of employees) Output Domestic sales Export 4 4.1 7.9.2 (%) 5 49 8.1 16. 3.3 5 249 15.6 19.6 11.3 over 25 72.1 56.5 85.2 On the basis of their share in industrial output three regions, providing two thirds of production, can be highlighted. One of them is Central Hungary, including the capital and thus being the most populous, another is Western Transdanubia, and the third is Central Transdanubia. The latter region has become the one providing the largest industrial production in the country since 25. Per capita industrial output is the highest in Central Transdanubia as well (HUF 4.9 million), followed by Western Trandanubia (HUF 3.2 million). This indicator remains below the national average of HUF 1.9 million in all other regions. Distribution of industrial sales, % 28% 51% 1989 2 72% 49% 54% 26 46% Domestic sales Export sales 25
Construction, dwellings Dwelling construction 1995 2 26 Dwelling construction, number 24,718 21,583 33,864 Dwelling construction per thousand inhabitants 2.4 2.2 3.4 Number of construction permits issued 39,53 44,79 44,826 Dwellings ceased, number 6,423 6,53 4,9 Average basic floor area of dwellings constructed, sq. m 99 98 89 Booming construction market resulted in a durable growth in construction output since the turn of millennia. The most dynamic expansion, the rate of which reached 17 to 18% was experienced in 22 and 25, while in 25 a slight drop of 1.6% was measured. Growth rate of building construction surpassed that of civil engineering works until 22, but in the succeeding three years the dynamics of the latter was stronger, primarily due to road construction. In 26 it was again building construction that rose more intensively in spite of the fact that the number of dwellings constructed was significantly below the level of the previous year. % 18 Construction output by main building groups (2=1) 16 14 12 1 8 2 21 22 23 24 25 26 Buildings Construction industry, total Other structures 26
Construction, dwellings Dwelling stock by number of rooms Number of rooms 199 21 27 Change between thousand 199 and 27, % 1 645 517 522 19.1 2 1,681 1,682 1,719 2.3 3 or more 1,527 1,866 1,996 3.8 Total 3,853 4,65 4,238 1. The boom of dwelling construction, having started at the turn of millennia, resulted in an at least 1% annual growth of the number of dwellings built. However, since then the number of dwellings constructed declined. Until 25 this market was characterised by entrepreneurial dwelling construction and a boom of construction in towns, especially in Budapest as well as construction of multi-storey buildings containing several dwellings and buildings in residents' parks. In 26 again detached houses built by natural persons for own use formed the majority. % 1 Public utilities in inhabited dwellings, 25 8 6 4 2 Budapest Other towns Villages With public water-conduit With toilet With bathroom With public sewerage With piped gas 27
Telecommunication, internet Number and duration of phone calls 23 24 25 26 Number of phone calls (million) from fixed lined a 3,278 3,43 2,841 2,554 from mobile phone 4,7 5,124 5,994 6,76 Duration of phone calls (million minutes) from fixed lined a 7,61 7,154 7,635 7,41 from mobile phone 6,169 7,492 9,496 11,95 Average duration of calls (minutes) from fixed lined a 2.3 2.4 2.7 2.9 from mobile phone 1.3 1.5 1.6 1.8 a) Without internet calls. 32% of households and 8% of enterprises employing at least 1 persons had an internet connection in 26. Within them, the share of those using a broadband connection was high in both groups, 77% for enterprises and 68% for households. Internet subscriptions by type of connection Thousand 1,4 1,2 1, 8 6 4 2 Dial-up modem ISDN xdsl Cable TV Wireless Other 2 21 22 23 24 25 26 28
Transport Railway and public road network Hungary in Figures, 25 (km) 1995 2 26 Length of railway lines operated, total 7,714 7,668 7,685 a Of which: electrified double-tracked 2,353 1,195 2,718 1,293 2,791 a 1,292 a National public road network, total 3,73 3,37 31,58 a) 25. Of which: motorways motor-roads trunk roads secondary main roads 335 85 2,55 4,39 448 57 2,173 4,33 785 129 2,196 4,49 In 26 the volume of transported goods increased by 8% compared to 25. Average transport distance lengthened as well, especially as a result of the increasing significance of international, generally long-haul transportation. Transport performance measured in freight-ton kilometre rose by 2% in international and by 6% in domestic transport, on the whole increasing by 15% compared to the previous year. Within international transport, the performance growth was 21% in road, 12% in rail, 3% in pipeline transport, while a decline of 1% occurred in inland waterway transport. Goods transport performance of transport sector 35 Billion freight-ton kilometres 3 25 2 15 1 5 International Domestic 24 25 26 24 25 26 24 25 26 24 25 26 Road Rail Pipeline Inland water 29
Transport Distribution of interurban passenger transport by means of transport (on the basis of passenger kilometre) (%) 1995 2 26 Train 41.3 38.2 31.4 Coach 46.8 47.7 38.6 Ship.2.2.1 Airplane 11.7 13.9 29.9 The composition of passenger car stock slowly altered for the favour of modern types. The average age of cars at the end of 26 was 1.3 years, 1.4 years less than 1 years earlier. Out of the cars registered for the first time in Hungary, Suzuki, Opel and Ford were the most common types, accounting for 15, 12 and 11% of the car stock respectively in 26. Air passenger transport at Budapest-Ferihegy airport 2=1 Share, % 2 3 18 25 16 2 14 15 12 1 1 5 8 2 21 22 23 24 25 26 Share of discount airlines in total air passenger transport, % Change in passenger transport, 2=1 3
Tourism Number of visitors 2 26 (thousand) Hungarians travelling abroad 11,65 17,612 Foreign visitors in Hungary 31,141 4,963 Of which by country of origin: Romania Slovakia Austria Serbia and Montenegro Germany Ukraine Croatia Poland Bulgaria Czech Republic Slovenia Italy United Kingdom United States 4,661 3,921 5,139 2,98 2,949 2,483 3,34 643 395 352 733 41 212 356 8,651 7,968 6,88 3,315 3,222 1,874 1,37 1,33 986 978 731 72 361 368 1.7 million foreigners arrived in Hungary for a business trip in 26. The share of such visitors was especially high, 16 to 2% among the British, the Americans and the French. 43.7 thousand domestic and 19.5 thousand foreign guests participated at congresses or conferences in 25, as a result of which 4.2 thousand domestic and 56.3 thousand international tourism nights were registered. 18 conference rooms were at the disposal of public accommodation establishments in 26, with a capacity enough for 126 thousand persons. Euro 2 15 1 5 Tourism receipts and expenditure in Hungary Balance, billion euro 3. 2.5 2. 1.5 1..5. 199 1995 2 26 Revenue per visitor, euro Expenditure per Hungarian travelling abroad, euro Travel balance, billion euros 31
Tourism Main indicators of public accommodation establishments, 26 Type of accommodation Hotels Five-star Four-star Three-star Two-star One-star Number of units 837 18 129 449 178 63 Number of bed-places 116,223 8,17 31,658 52,85 17,16 6,583 Number of tourist arrivals, thousand 5,134 584 1,925 2,164 352 19 In July 26 there were 54 spa hotels and 42 wellness hotels operating in Hungary, providing altogether 22.5 thousand bed-places. As a result of lively international and domestic demand their occupancy rates were higher than the average of hotels total. Swiss, Austrian, German and Japanese tourists had the highest relative shares in spa hotels, while wellness hotels were chosen the most often by Maltese, Latvian and Austrian guests. Distribution of tourism nights at public accommodation establishments, %, 26 Number of tourism nights, thousand 13,71 1,367 5,68 5,859 1,8 399 Boarding houses 1,195 42,539 883 2,17 Tourist hostels 245 26,787 37 76 Youth hostels 133 21,245 251 696 Bungalows 392 22,459 294 932 Camping sites 254 86,31 314 1,456 Total 3,56 315,284 7,183 19,652 Camping sites Boarding houses International tourism nights Other Camping sites Domestic tourism nights Other Boarding houses Hotels Hotels 32
Hungarian Central Statistical Office Published by the Dissemination Department of HCSO, 27 H-124 Budapest, Keleti Károly u. 5 7. Phone: (36-1)345-6789 Internet: www.ksh.hu