SFL/METU Fall 2017 DBE WHO 3 NLL ELE Unit 5 ELEMENTARY GROUP (Student s Copy) Part 1. READING A. Pre-reading: Discuss the questions below with your partner. What methods of transportation do you use to travel in Ankara? Which one is more effective/cheaper/easier to use? Do you have any ideas about the transportation systems in other countries? B. Read the text quickly and find the means of transport in Paris. C. Read the text again and underline the words that are used to connect ideas. Transportation in Paris is easy. There are several ways of transport that you can use to get around the city. The metro is the ideal way to travel in Paris. There are 16 lines that travel around the city. They seem confusing at first, but it becomes easy when you understand the system. Each line has a different colour and number. You have a large choice of different metro passes (daily, weekly or monthly passes). These passes are more convenient and cheaper than individual tickets. Buses are also a great option in Paris. There are a lot of buses there, so you can go almost everywhere by bus. The only problem is to find where they stop! Bus stops are more difficult to find than metro stations. The RER (a railway system) is another good way to get from one place to another very fast, but the lines are fewer than metro lines. People use RER mainly to travel to nearby suburbs or to travel in the city very fast. Apart from these, you can choose to travel by boat, by train, or you can cycle in the city. The free bicycle system in Paris is an excellent way to get around the city. 1
Part 2. LANGUAGE STUDY Connecting Ideas II In WHO 2A, you studied how linking words (and, but, or) connect parallel structures such as nouns, adjectives, adverbs, verbs and prepositional phrases. Study the examples below: * Each line has a different colour and number. * These passes are more convenient and cheaper than individual tickets. * The metro system is very convenient but expensive. * You can choose to travel by boat, train or bicycle. It is sometimes necessary to combine the sentences because if all the sentences in our writing are simple sentences, then it gets boring and more difficult to read. In order to make the writing fluent and varied, it is possible to join two or more sentences by using and, but, or, so. Sentence 1, AND / BUT / OR / SO sentence 2 There are different means of transport in Paris, and they are very convenient. RER is a good way to get around the city, but the lines are fewer than metro lines. People choose to travel by bus, or they use the free bicycle system in Paris. There are a lot of buses in Paris, so you can go almost everywhere by bus. 2
These linking words add a different meaning to a sentence, so they show different relationships between the ideas. AND connects two parallel ideas. Examples: * Cyclos are a fun way to get around in Hanoi, and they are good for the environment. * Cessna Citation is a small plane, and it only carries nine passengers. * Oz Air has a very good in-flight service, and its tickets are very cheap. BUT signals a change in the flow of ideas. It connects contrasting ideas. Examples: * My favourite means of transport is on foot, but I can t walk everywhere. * Modern cars go very fast, but there is a speed limit on the majority of motorways. * Passenger ships are relaxing, but they are slow. OR connects two or more alternatives or choices. Examples: * This city has different means of transport. You can use the metro, or you can travel by bicycles. * Passengers of Top Air can watch films, or they can play video games during the flight. * In the morning, I go to work by bus, or my husband drives me there. SO connects two ideas when there is a reason-result relationship. It introduces the result. Examples: * My office is near my home, so I go there on foot every day. * Riding a motorcycle is dangerous, so I wear a helmet all the time. Practice 1. Read the sentences and underline the correct linker. 1. The Moscow Metro is the busiest system in Europe, (and / or) the stations are the most beautiful. 2. Ships in this city are slow, (so / but) they are more comfortable and relaxing than other means of transport. 3. I go camping every summer with my family, (and / but) we usually have fun. 4. We can call the airline company for the problem, (but / or) we can send them an e-mail. 5. Monique wants to become a tourist guide, (so / but) she is learning English and Spanish. 6. We can travel around the city by taxi, (or / but) we can rent a car. 7. In Shanghai, the metro is cheaper than buses, (so / but) there are only two metro lines. 8. I don t want to pay a lot of money for the plane tickets, (or / so) I am planning to go by bus. 9. I really like sightseeing holidays, (and / but) I love spending time in old buildings. 10. I have nothing to do this afternoon. I can ride my bike, (but / or) I can take a walk around the woods. 3
Connecting Ideas with BECAUSE BECAUSE connects two ideas when there is a reason-result relationship. It introduces the reason. We do not use a comma before because, but when it is at the beginning of a sentence, the two sentences are separated with a comma. BECAUSE + reason, result. Result BECAUSE + reason. Examples: * Air conditioned taxis are a comfortable way to travel in Hanoi because it s usually very hot outside. result reason Because it s usually very hot outside, air conditioned taxis are a comfortable way to travel in Hanoi. reason result * I don t like taking the underground because it is very crowded. Because it is very crowded, I don t like taking the underground. * Moscow needs a good transport system because it s the largest city in Europe. Because it s the largest city in Europe, Moscow needs a good transport system. Practice 2. Rewrite the following sentences by using SO and BECAUSE. 1. The bridge is closed. We cannot get across the river. 2. I m not interested in travelling. I don t read many travel books. 3. People usually take the bus in Turkey. Travelling by bus is a cheap way of transport. 4. I m late for the meeting. I ll take a taxi. 4
Practice 3. Fill in the gaps with a suitable connector from the box and a sentence below (a-d). Use each connector and sentence only ONCE. Be careful. The sentences are NOT in the correct order. There are many sightseeing tours in London, (1). Magic Tours has been organizing small group tours of London for more than ten years. We offer sightseeing tours of high quality and exceptional service. With our experienced guides, you can see the most popular tourist attractions within only eight hours. Our tour starts with a visit to the Tower of London, Discover London with Magic Tours which is a historic monument in central London. Afterwards, you take a short cruise on the river Thames. During this cruise, you can enjoy excellent views of St. Paul s Cathedral, Shakespeare s Globe Theatre, and the House of Parliament, but don t forget to bring a jacket (2). During our tour, you have the chance to visit popular tourist attractions and famous shops, (3). Finally, you visit Buckingham Palace, the official house of Queen Elizabeth II, and the tour finishes with this marvellous sight. With Magic Tours you ll see all the main sights and attractions of this lovely city at a price of 128 per person. For your reservations please visit our website, (4). so or because but a) London can be rainy even in summer b) you can buy gifts and souvenirs for your friends and family during your tour in London c) our company, Magic Tours, is the best d) you can reach us at 44 08702255303 Practice 3. Complete these sentences with your own words. 1. I want to go to school on foot, but... 2. We don t have a city map, so... 3. You can visit Ankara Castle today, or 4. Ankara is a big city, but 5. METU has a big campus, so 5
Practice 4. Read the text below. Fill in the gaps with a suitable connector from the box. and but so (X2) because or Los Angeles (LA) and New York City (NY) are very popular American cities. LA is located in California with a population of 3.5 million people. NY is located in New York State, and it is more crowded than LA. It has a population of 18 million people. The public transportation system isn t very good in LA, (1) it is sometimes very difficult to go from one place to another. In NY, it s easier to travel (2) the public transportation system is better. LA and NY are on opposite coasts. LA is on the west, and NY is on the east, (3) these cities have different temperatures. The annual average temperature in LA is almost 18 C. In NY, it is 13 C, so LA is hotter and drier than NY. The main job sectors are also different in these two cities. People who live in LA mostly work in movie business and tourism, (4) most New Yorkers are in finance, entertainment, telecommunications (5) publishing. These two cities have their own differences and characteristics. Both of them are among the most famous (6) attractive cities in the world. 6
Part 3. WRITING In writing, when the writer wants to analyse or show the differences between people or things, he/she can use comparative structures. Examples of comparative structures High-speed trains are faster than buses. Buses are more expensive in London than in São Paulo. Chicago O Hare Airport is busier than Paris Charles de Gaulle Airport. A. Which student answers the question correctly? B. Read the question and the responses of two students. Analyse the texts A & B in detail: a) Underline the irrelevant sentences. b) Underline the comparative structures. c) Circle the linkers. Question: Explain how Ankara is different from São Paulo in terms of their metro system. Student A Ankara and São Paulo are two big cities. Ankara is the capital of Turkey. It has a population of 5 million people. São Paulo is the largest city in Brazil with a population of 12 million people, so it is more crowded than Ankara. Ankara s metro system is older than São Paulo s metro system. The metro in Ankara is cheaper than the one in São Paulo. In Ankara, people also travel around the city by bus because it is cheap, too. There are several lines in both metro systems. In São Paulo, people use colours to name the lines, but in Ankara, the names of the metro lines are different because people use numbers to name them. Student B Ankara s first metro line opened in 1996 after four years of construction. The first metro line in São Paulo was built in 1968, so the metro system in São Paulo s is older than the one in Ankara. There are different lines in both Ankara and São Paulo. In Ankara, these lines have different names such as M1, M2 and M3, but in São Paulo, people use colours like blue, green and red to distinguish the metro lines. In Ankara, the total length of metro lines is 55.1 kilometres. It is longer in São Paulo because the length of metro lines is 77.4 kilometres there. In Ankara, people pay approximately $1 for one metro pass. In São Paulo, it costs $3.80, so the metro system in Ankara is cheaper than the one in São Paulo. 7
C. Writing Task. Study the information about the public transportation systems in Istanbul and Stockholm below. Use the necessary information in the chart to answer the following question. Question: Explain how Istanbul is different from Stockholm in terms of bus transportation system in 8 to 10 sentences. THE METRO SYSTEM THE BUS SYSTEM THE TRAM SYSTEM ISTANBUL opened in 1990s efficient, quick, punctual six lines (M1, M2, T1, T3, T4, F1) fare: 2.60 TL (one pass) (approximately 1) convenient, up-to-date fare: 2.60 TL (one pass) (approximately 1) average passengers per day: 927.546 / crowded slow because of heavy traffic payment: green / red buses Istanbul Kart blue buses cash or Istanbul Kart compulsory bus stops started in 1869 average passengers per day: 6000 line length: 1640 meters two wagons STOCKHOLM opened in 1950 efficient, fast, clean three main lines (Green, Red, Blue) fare: 43SEK (one pass) (approximately 4) convenient, modern fare: 30 SEK (one pass) (approximately 3) not very crowded fast - run on long routs the best option to go to the suburbs payment: only tickets (cash - not accepted) compulsory bus stops started in 1877 no ticket barriers ticket inspectors on-board run daily in the summer and on weekends Istanbul Kart: It is a card for fare payment on public transport in Istanbul. While writing, you can revisit New Language Leader Elementary Unit 5.1 and this handout for the appropriate language structures and vocabulary. 8
STEP 1: Write your text here. Cap. Punc. Fr. S/V 9
STEP 2: PEER-EDITING Exchange your papers. Underline the mistakes. DO NOT correct your friend s sentences. STEP 3: SELF-EDITING & REVISING Get back your own paper. Discuss the problem areas with your friend. Check your paper yourself using the self-checklist below. Put a tick ( ) in the relevant box. In order to self-edit your writing, the guideline will help you. Tick the relevant box. In this writing, we expect you to: explain how Istanbul is different from Stockholm in terms of bus transport use simple present tense use minimum THREE comparative adjectives use minimum TWO of the following linking words: and, but, or, so, because use the correct word order (S + V + O) and avoid fragments pay attention to Subject-Verb agreement use reference words (etc. he, she, his) when it is necessary pay attention to spelling, capitalization, and punctuation 10
Correct your text according to your peer s feedback and the self-checklist. Then, re-write and submit it to your instructor. Teacher s Notes STEP 4: INSTRUCTOR FEEDBACK 11
OPTIONAL WRITING TASK Explain how Istanbul is different from Stockholm in terms of the metro system? Teacher s Notes 12