Bronze Age Greece
Ionian Greek colonies
Athens
Piraeus, Athens Harbor
Persian Empire
Earth and Water In 492 B.C. King Darius I of Persia demanded earth and water from the Greek city-states. Athens and Sparta REFUSED! Persians conquered the city-states of Ionia. In 499 B.C. the Ionian Greeks revolted against Persia. Athens (wealthiest Greek city-state) sent ships to Ionia to help them! King Darius I was furious at Athens...
Marathon 490 BCE 26 miles from Athens Thermopylae 480 BCE 300 Spartans at the pass Naval battle Salamis 480 BCE Largest naval battle in ancient history Plataea 479 BCE Final land battle Combined Greek city-state victory
Marathon 490 BCE 26 miles from Athens Thermopylae 480 BCE 300 Spartans at the pass Naval battle Salamis 480 BCE Largest naval battle in ancient history Plataea 479 BCE Final land battle Combined Greek city-state victory
Marathon 490 BCE 26 miles from Athens
Marathon 490 BCE 26 miles from Athens
Marathon 490 BCE 26 miles from Athens
Marathon 490 BCE 26 miles from Athens
Thermopylae 480 BCE -300 Spartans at the pass -Naval battle
Thermopylae 480 BCE -300 Spartans at the pass -Naval battle
Thermopylae 480 BCE -300 Spartans at the pass -Naval battle
Thermopylae 480 BCE -300 Spartans at the pass -Naval battle
Salamis 480 BCE -Largest naval battle in ancient history
Salamis 480 BCE -Largest naval battle in ancient history
Salamis 480 BCE -Largest naval battle in ancient history
Salamis 480 BCE -Largest naval battle in ancient history
Salamis 480 BCE -Largest naval battle in ancient history
Salamis 480 BCE -Largest naval battle in ancient history
Plataea 479 BCE Final land battle Combined Greek city-state victory
Plataea 479 BCE Final land battle Combined Greek city-state victory
Plataea 479 BCE Final land battle Combined Greek city-state victory
Plataea 479 BCE Final land battle Combined Greek city-state victory
Short term results: Persia: Defeated Greeks at Thermopylae Sacked Athens Gained temporary foothold in Europe north of city-states back to the Hellespont Gained control of several western Aegean islands City-States: Defeated Persians at Salamis, Plataea
Long term results: Persia withdrew, regrouped to invade, internal problems City-states began to prepare for next invasion Athens formed Delian League-alliance against Persia Sparta suspicious Delian League power play to control all citystates Mistrust between Athens and Sparta: separate alliances City-states divided between Athens and Sparta Peloponnesian League controlled by Sparta Persia never invaded again Athens began to be an Empire
Greece during the Peloponnesian War
Greece during the Peloponnesian War: Phase 1 Sparta launched repeated invasions of Attica Citizens lived inside city walls Navy supplied city 1/3 of the population died from disease and overcrowding Pericles Athens took advantage of its naval supremacy to raid the coast of the Peloponnese
Greece during the Peloponnesian War
Greece during the Peloponnesian War: Pericles gives his famous speech, "The Funeral Oration Acknowledge the citizens Athens and reminded them of the power they hold in their own government Encouraged the people of Athens to uphold their democratic social order and take pride in their system and what it represents
Greece during the Peloponnesian War: Phase 2 Athens voted and sent a massive naval invasion force to attack Syracuse in Sicily Total failure, destruction of entire force
Greece during the Peloponnesian War: Phase 3 Sparta, receiving support from Persia, supported rebellions in Athens' subject states in the Aegean Sea and Ionia Destruction of Athenian fleet at Aegospotami, 9 ships escaped Athens surrendered
Greece during the Peloponnesian War: Results: Peloponnesian War lasted over 27 years Cities, crops were destroyed; thousands of Greeks died All the Greek city-states suffered economic, military losses King Philip II of Macedon came to power in 359 B.C Macedon was kingdom north of Greek city-states Philip planned empire, looked south to weakened Greek city-states
Greece during the Peloponnesian War: Results: Next 30 years Sparta dominated Greek city-states, but very unpopular, rebellions Athenian government changed to oligarchy controlled by Sparta, but remained unchanged culturally Athens = cultural, intellectual, philosophical, scientific, mathematical, theatrical, historical, geographic, medical, architectural, sculptural, best way of living life navel of the world