ANCIENT GREECE
Instructions Anything written in yellow (slow down and pay attention) is useful information. You should write it in your notes IN YOUR OWN WORDS. Anything in red (STOP and pay close attention) is critical information and should be copied exactly. Anything in green (go on to the next point) you do not have to write.
Ancient Greece is GREECE (and parts of surrounding countries) located in modern day -
Greece is made up of land on the Balkan Peninsula as well as several surrounding islands.
Three quarters of the land is covered by mountains, leaving the soil thin and rocky.
Climate Winters are mild and wet. Summers are hot and dry, which leads to drought!
The Pindus Mountains run north to south, creating many narrow valleys with small plains. People settled in the valleys between mountains, which kept them from uniting.
Because Greece is very mountainous, Athens 10 miles Sparta 90 miles cities were separated, and farming was difficult.
The mountains made trade and travel difficult. As a result, they did a lot of sailing.
Economics
Agriculture Cities relied on the farmland around them for food supplies, cities with good trade links could add to their local produce by importing food. Grains (barley and wheat) were the most important crops, along with beans, vegetables, olives and grapes. Terrace (step) farming was designed to allow Greeks to grow crops on various levels of the mountainside.
Terracing saves water and soil in mountainous environments
Occupations Ancient Greeks practiced many different crafts including pottery, metalworking and woodworking, shoemaking, weaving, tanning (making leather). These jobs could be carried out by free citizens, who often have slaves to help, but crafts were generally regarded as inferior work and so were very Frequently practiced by resident foreigners.
Economics Greece does not have the land or climate for farming.
ECONOMICS Greece couldn t grow enough food for all of the people, so
they had to trade to get wheat.
Eventually, they traded with people as far away as Asia!
ECONOMICS To meet their needs, Greeks used Why didn t I think of that? technology like terrace farming. They also traded and exchanged goods and ideas!
GOVERNMENT Greece was organized into separate city-states; each had their own laws, rulers, and money. Two of the most famous city-states were Athens & Sparta. city-state = polis
One city-state, Athens, developed a democracy; however, Athens started as a monarchy (like most of their neighbors!)
The monarchy became an oligarchy as wealthy nobles gained power. oligarchy - a government ruled by a small group, usually the rich and powerful
These rich rulers treated the poor citizens badly and had stricter laws for them than for themselves...
...so the poor people began to prefer a tyrant, who would at least stick up for them (even if he did it selfishly to get more power for himself!) tyranny - a government with one leader, who does not have legal authority to rule
Eventually tyranny gave way to democracy, at least for a period of time!
GOVERNMENT demos kratos demokratia people rule democracy democracy government in which the supreme power is held by the people.
Using your notes and vocabulary, complete The Evolution of Democracy in Athens worksheet. In your own words, describe each type of government and infer the reasons it didn t last in Athens. (Think about how you would want to be ruled!)
A democracy by any other name... direct democracy - a form of government in which every citizen votes for every single law!
...is still a democracy! representative democracy: a form of government in which citizens vote for representative s, who vote on laws & decisions!
Representative Democracy Direct Democracy Person is chosen to represent a group. Elected official votes on laws. Usually used for large groups. Citizens can vote. Citizens have the power. All citizens vote on all laws. People rule directly. Best for small groups.
Comparing Democracies Use the Venn Diagram to predict which statements about democracy are true for the U.S., which are true for Ancient Athens, and which are true for both!
Ancient Athens United States C. O. E. F. P. G. H. L. J. Q. M. A. B. D. I. K. N. R.
Most city-states had monarchies or oligarchies, but Athens developed a direct democracy. GOVERNMENT
Society & Culture ATHENS V. SPARTA
An isolated city-state ruled by an oligarchy SPARTA Culturally and politically different from Athens
SPARTA Spartan society was obsessed with war.
Athens Athens was ruled by a direct democracy. Athenians were encouraged to engage in activities like art, philosophy, music.
Athens V. Sparta ruled by direct democracy became wealthy from trade and colonies created a strong navy created advanced architecture, art, drama, literature, philosophy, science, math, etc. ruled by military oligarchy became wealthy from work of slaves created a strong army, had the most feared soldiers created a simple, military lifestyle
In Athens, boys were... announced to neighbors by hanging olive leaves on the door. educated @ 5 years old until age 14 18, depending on the wealth of the family. taught reading, writing, math, music, poetry, gymnastics, sports, philosophy, and public speaking. given preference over girls and received more food and education.
In Sparta, boys were... inspected @ birth to check health and strength. moved out of their homes @ 7 years old to train and study. taught reading, writing, music, dancing, and physical training until age 12. forced to go barefoot with only 1 piece of clothing (to make them tougher ). encouraged to steal extra food because they were not given enough to eat. beginning military training @ age 12.
In Athens, girls were... announced to neighbors by hanging sheep s wool on the door. sometimes abandoned in public places to die or be taken as slaves. not usually educated formally. taught to be good wives and mothers by learning chores such as spinning and weaving and helping care for siblings. considered to be adults @ age 13 and may be married any time after that.
In Sparta, girls were... inspected @ birth to check health and strength. educated @ age 7 at home. taught reading, writing, athletics, gymnastics, and survival skills. encouraged to participate in athletic events, like races in honor of goddesses. ready to be married and become mothers by 18 years old.
In Athens, women were... married at early ages sometime after they turned 13. kept at home with no participation in politics or athletics. considered to be property of their husbands and could not own any of their own property. responsible for household chores like spinning and weaving, even if they were very wealthy! only able to work in public if they were selected to serve in a temple of a goddess.
In Sparta, women were... assigned a husband @ age 18. expected to be strong and healthy and to have strong, healthy babies. free from domestic work because helots (like slaves) and lower class folks did chores like spinning and weaving. free to own their own property. expected to oversee and protect the property belonging to their husbands during times of war.
In Athens, men were... trained in a military camp from age 18 20. considered full citizens @ age 18. usually engaged in a trade (farming, arts, etc.) required to participate in the government by voting and serving on juries as selected.
In Sparta, men were... considered soldiers (and men) @ age 20. forced to continue living in military barracks until age 30. free to marry and live at home after they turned 30. dedicated to the state @ age 30, so they would be required to serve in battle any time after.
1. Using your, chart add THREE illustrations or props for your character. Include captions for each drawing. 2. Write a five sentence paragraph explaining what your life was like on the back of your page.
SOCIETY & CULTURE Athens focused on cultural improvements. Sparta focused on military development.
Alexander the Great Alexander was not from Athens, but Macedonia. Alexander was a brilliant military strategist. His favorite book was Homer s Iliad
KEY PEOPLE - PHILOSOPHERS a. Socrates taught thinking through questioning. Plato tried to create the ideal community. Aristotle looked for truth by testing facts.
KEY PEOPLE Pericles: politician responsible for the Parthenon
KEY PEOPLE Alexander the Great Alexander the Great was the son of King Phillip II of Macedonia. Alexander conquered Persia, Egypt, the Middle East and Northern India. He died at age 33 from malaria.
spread Greek (Hellenistic) culture to the world!
CONTRIBUTIONS & ACCOMPLISHMENTS
aqueduct: brick water pipe CONTRIBUTIONS & ACCOMPLISHMENT S
terracing
SPRINT LONG JUMP BOXING JAVELI N WRESTLING DISCUS CHARIOT RACE olympic games
architecture arches & columns
written history, math, theater, medicine, literature
Alexander conquered the Persian empire and controlled the largest empire the world has ever seen.
What happens when cultures collide?
Alexander spread Hellenistic culture throughout Asia. Hellenistic is a fancy word for Greek. Alexander spread Greek technology and ideas throughout his empire
The Roman Coliseum has a strong Hellenistic influence.
What buildings in the USA have a Hellenistic influence?
Lincoln Memorial
Technology results from necessity Since Greek coastal cities were sandwiched between the ocean and the sea, they developed an awesome navy for trading and fighting.
Technology results from scarcity All cities need fresh water. This is a Greek aqueduct, basically a brick water pipe. The first aqueduct was Assyrian, but most ancient societies had them.
Greek Inventions The Greeks invented dice.
The Greeks were the original Olympiads. Their scientists studied the best way to perform sports
Greek Invention The Greeks invented the crane.
Greek Architecture Greeks invented arches and columns. This obviously took advanced mathematics.
More Greek Architecture
Greek religion was polytheistic.