Greece made up of two parts: mainland hundreds of small islands Two main features: Mountains Seas
Geography MOUNTAIN RANGES mountain ranges separated the small, independent Greek communities caused them to develop different ways of life SEAS Encourage trade with each other and other civilizations Greek City states relied on trade because of the land was not good for farming.
Greek Polis
included a city and the surrounding land and villages. Usually located on a hill. Government buildings and temples AGORA: an open area where people could meet or shop.
Possible Forms of Governments found in Greece Monarchy Aristocracy/Oligarchy State ruled by a king Rule is hereditary Some rulers claim divine right Form practiced in Mycenae(2000 BCE) Tyranny Rule by a Tyrant Has all of the power Rules for the people State ruled by nobility Rule is hereditary and based on family wealth Social status and wealth support rulers authority Form practiced in Athens(Prior to 594 BCE)
Direct democracy State ruled by citizens Rule is based on citizenship Majority rule decides vote Form practiced in Athens(by 500 BCE)
The Polis: Distinct City-States People felt strong ties/loyalty to their city-state (Rep your city) bitter rivalries between citystates led to continuous fighting lead to Greece s down fall
Group Work In your groups: Spend 15 minutes to fill out the comparison chart between Athens and Greece. Use chapter 5 section 2. Be prepared to report back.
Athens: Rule of the Tyrants Solon: aristocrats in power and the poor unable to obtain land aristocrats gave power to Solon in 594 B.C. favored reform canceled debts but did not give land to the poor Cleisthenes: Began a limited democracy in Greece Created the Council of 500 Group of 500 male citizens who made laws Pericles Expanded democracy in Athens Athens became a direct democracy All male citizens became members of the government Women and slaves were excluded
Direct Democracy Athens had the world s first democracy Every male citizen had the right to attend the Assembly There they participated in the decision making process and voted on all government issues Athenians practiced ostracism* *a person could be banished from the city for 10 years with 6,000 votes from the government!
The Persian Wars: Overview Despite their cultural ties, the Greek city-states were often in conflict with one another. The threat of the powerful Persian empire united the Greek city-states.
The Persian Wars: Overview United, the city-states defeated the Persians and ended the threat of Persian invasions. Persian prisoners
Results Athens increases its status among the city-states. Athens enters into a Golden Age Athens formed the Delian League: an alliance of Greek city-states with them in charge Sparta is upset! Persian Wars: The Outcome!
The Peloponnesian War: The Alliance System Fails!
The Peloponnesian War: CAUSES 1. Many Greeks outside of Athens resented Athenian domination. 2. Sparta formed the Peloponnesian League to rival the Delian League. 3. Sparta and Athens rivaling for supremacy
A Mysterious Plague Hits Athens! During the war a plague (disease) sweeps through Athens Plague destroys 1/3 of Athenian population Kills many Athenians including Pericles This allows Sparta to win the war!!!!!!!!!
The Peloponnesian War: Effects 1. All the Greek city- states divided and in chaos! 2. Defeated democracy in Greece 3. Greece would eventually would be taken over by Macedonia to the north
Macedonia North of Greece viewed by the Greeks as barbarians Philip II became king of Macedonia in 359 B.C. Macedonia defeated Greece in 338 B.C.E. Greek city-states united in a league under Macedonian control Philip was assassinated
Alexander the Great Philip s son student of Aristotle became king of Macedonia at age 20 put down idea of Greek rebellion by destroying the city of Thebes began his quest to take over the Persian Empire
Alexander s Conquest 334 B.C. began invasion of the Persian Empire 331 B.C. conquered all of the Persian Empire 327 B.C. moved through modern Pakistan into India 323 B.C. Alexander died after his return to Babylon at 32 years old
AlexAnder s Legacy Created an empire that stretched across three continents and over 200,000 miles Cultural Diffusion = the rise of the Hellenistic Culture After Alexander s death, his Empire fell apart
Hellenistic Culture blend of Greek and Persian cultures Greek language, architecture, literature, and art spread throughout Southwest Asia, Central Asia and parts of North Africa Greeks absorbed aspects of Eastern culture all eventually conquered by the Romans Alexander the great names Alexandria, Egypt: home to scholars of many different kinds
HOW ARE THE TWO OUTER BUDDHA STATUES DIFFERENT FROM THE ONE IN THE CENTER?
The Library of Alexandria in Egypt The ancient library possibly destroyed in 642 The rebuilt library today
Other Hellenistic Achievements Astronomy Geometry Philosophy Art