CLASSICAL GREECE Spolufinancováno ESF a státním rozpočtem ČR, reg. č. projektu CZ.1.07/1.1.00/14.0143 OPVK
CLASSICAL GREECE Greco-Persian /Persian Wars (499 449 BC) No 1 Herodotus, The Histories Peloponnesian War (431 404 BC) No 2 Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War
PERSIAN WARS Black Sea Greece The Halys Caspian Sea Persian Empire the Indus Persian Gulf The Nile Red Sea
PERSIAN WARS 547 BCE -Cyrus the Great conquered Ionia 500/499 Ionian Revolt started (499-493) DARIUS I (THE GREAT) to punish Athens (helped in the Ionian Revolt) to subjugate Greece Persian Wars PERSIAN EMPIRE - divided into provinces (satrapies) (satraps to govern) - new uniform monetary system - Aramaic - official language TASK: Why were these reforms so important for the Persian Empire?
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PERSIAN WARS MAIN BATTLES Battle of Marathon Battle of Thermopylae Battle of Salamis Battle of Plataea Battle of Mycale
BATTLE OF MARATHON 490 BCE (first Persian invasion of Greece) Athens (+Platae) - Miltiades X Persian Empire - Darius decisive Greek victory (about 200 X 6400 ) Pheidippides -Νενικήκαµεν(We were victorious!) 42.195km Marathon Run Baron Pierre de Coubertin No 4
BATTLE OF 480 BCE (second Persian invasion of Greece) THERMOPYLAE Greek city-states (King Leonidas of Sparta) X Persian Empire (Xerxes I) Thermopylae ('The Hot Gates') - narrow coastal pass Persian victory BUT!!! 300 No 5 No 6
BATTLE OF SALAMIS 480 BCE straits between the mainland and Salamis (island near Athens) decisive Greek vistory Oracle at Delphi: Salamis will"bring death to women's sons, the Greeks would be saved by a "wooden wall" TASK: Delphi Oracle. What is typical for it?
PERSIAN WARS Battle of Plataea (479 BC) - Persians defeated Battle of Mycale(479 BC) Persians defeated Delian League (478 BC) -Delos meeting place - over 150 poleis (Athens) - to fight the Persian Empire 449 BC Peace of Callias (Callias Athenian politicain) end of Persian Wars (Delian League (winner) and Persian Empire)
PELOPONNESIAN WAR Delian League prominent position of Athens many poleis against Peloponnesian League(Sparta) No 7
Περικλης/ PERICLES 495 429 BC Athenian statesman, strategos (general), orator very popular many reforms Golden Age of Athens long walls to protect Athens, port Piraeus - strong navy Acropolis, Sofocles, Herodotus, Anaxagoras, etc. 449 BC Peace of Callias 445 BC peacy treaty with Sparta -Thirty Years Peace (broken 431) 429 BC died of plague No 9 No 8
ACROPOLIS UNESCO World heritage site acropolis (akron = edge, polis city) city on a hill originally - Mycenaean castle /palace Parthenon dedicated to maiden Goddess Athena No 11 No 10
PELOPONNESIAN WAR 431-421 BC Archidamian war (Spartan king Archidamian) after Pericles Athens weakened no strong leader 421 BC Peace of Nicias (50 years peace broken) ALCIBIADES (450 404 BC) - Athenian statesman, orator, general - nephew of Pericles, student of Socrates - character? had to leave Athens to Sparta (against Athens) helped Persia (against Sparta) to Athens (against Sparta) murdered No 12
PELOPONNESIAN WAR MAIN BATTLES 422 BC -Battle of Amphipolis Macedonia Spartan victory; Peace of Nicias 418 BC -Battle of Mantinea Peloponnese (First Battle of Mantineia) Spartan victory 405 BC -Battle of Aegospotami Hellespont Spartan victory;
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LYSANDER ( 395 BC) Spartan commander Cyrus the Younger (Persian prince) money to built strong Spartan fleet to defeat Athens Battle of Aegospotami - defeated Athens end of Peloponnesian War Sparta most powerful polis Athens: Spartan conditions rule of 'Thirty Tyrants ; oligarchy 403 BC democracy restored
GREECE AFTER PELOPONNESIAN WAR CORINTHIAN WAR (395 387 BC) Sparta X Corinth, Athens, Thebes, Persians THEBAN HEGEMONY (371 362 BC) 371 BC -Battle of Leuctra (Boeotia) - Thebes X Sparta - Theban victory 362 BC Battle of Mantineia (Second Battle of Mantineia) - Thebes X Sparta, Athens Result: Greek No 14 No 14 poleis weak MACEDONIA
CULTURE OF CLASSICAL PHILOSOP HY Empedocles Anaxagoras Protagoras Socrates Plato Aristotle GREECE HISTORY Herodotus - The Father of History Thucydides Xenophon - Socrates SCULPTURE Myron Phidias Praxiteles THEATRE Aeschylus Sophocles Euripides Aristophanes
Zdroje No 1: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/herodotos_met_91.8.jpg/300px- Herodotos_Met_91.8.jpg No 2: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/thucydides-bust-cutout_rom.jpg/160px- Thucydides-bust-cutout_ROM.jpg No 3: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/map_greco-persian_wars-en.svg/750px- Map_Greco-Persian_Wars-en.svg.png No 4: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/statue_of_pheidippides_along_the_marathon_ro ad.jpg/250px-statue_of_pheidippides_along_the_marathon_road.jpg No 5: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/thermopylae_ancient_coastline_large.jpg/220px- Thermopylae_ancient_coastline_large.jpg No 6: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/molon_labe2_edit_crop.jpg/220px- Molon_labe2_edit_crop.jpg No 7: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/peloponnesian_war_alliances_431_bc.png/387px -Peloponnesian_war_alliances_431_BC.png No 8: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/pericles_pio-clementino_inv269_n4.jpg/399px- Pericles_Pio-Clementino_Inv269_n4.jpg No 9: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/pelopennesian_war%2c_walls_protecting_the_ City%2C_431_B.C..JPG/400px-Pelopennesian_War%2C_Walls_Protecting_the_City%2C_431_B.C..JPG No 10: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/athens_acropolis.jpg/800px- Athens_Acropolis.jpg
No 11: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/the_parthenon_in_athens.jpg/220px- The_Parthenon_in_Athens.jpg No 12: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/bust_alcibiades_musei_capitolini_mc1160.j pg/220px-bust_alcibiades_musei_capitolini_mc1160.jpg No 13: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/pelopennesian_war%2c_key_actions_in_e ach_phase%2c_431_-_404_b.c..jpg/387px- Pelopennesian_War%2C_Key_Actions_in_each_Phase%2C_431_-_404_B.C..JPG No 14: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/362bcthebanhegemony.png/637px- 362BCThebanHegemony.png Levi, P.: Svět starého Řecka. Knižní klub, Praha 1995. Čornej, P.: Dějepis 1 pro gymnázia a střední školy. Pravěk a starověk. SPN, Praha 2009. Slovník antické kultury. Svoboda, Praha 1974.