Unit 3 Lesson 1 Early Greece Greece s s Geography 1. Greece s s geography was dominated by the mountainous terrain and easy access to the sea 2. The mountains: a) separated the Greek city-states b) made it hard to unite politically c) made it hard to grow grains, so trade with others was needed.
Unit 3 Lesson 1 Early Greece Early Greek Civilization 1. The Myceneans/Achaeans were the ancestors of the Greeks. Their peak of power came with victory over Troy in 1245 BC. 2. The advanced Minoan civilization on Crete influenced the Myceneans. 3. The invasion of the Dorians sent Greece into a Dark Age which shaped their governments.
Unit 3 Lesson 1 Early Greece Early Greek Politics 1. Greeks formed city-states called a polis. 2. The polis was built around a fortified hill called the acropolis, where the temples & government buildings were. 3. Important government forms: monarchy, aristocracy, oligarchy.
Unit 3 Lesson 2 Greek History Important Developments 1. Increased wealth and dependence on more people for warfare led to people seeking more political rights. (phalanx & hoplites)
Unit 3 Lesson 2 Greek History
Unit 3 Lesson 2 Greek History Important Developments 2. During the Persian Wars, the city-states fought together victoriously against the huge Persian Empire. Athens & Sparta emerged as powers. 3. The Delian League was formed between the city-states as a defensive alliance against Persia. Athens abused its power and a rival Peloponnesian League was formed under Sparta.
Unit 3 Lesson 2 Greek History Important Developments 4. The 31 year Peloponnesian wars between Athens & Sparta and their allies devastates the Greeks!
Unit 3 Lesson 2 Greek History Important Events 5. Between the Persian & Peloponnesian Wars, Greece enjoyed her golden age when intellectual pursuits flourished.
Greek Cultural Contributions 1. Literature A. Thespis wrote the first plays. B. Plays were tragedies or comedies. C. Satires were comedies that made fun of actual people & events. D. Homer wrote the first epic poetry. E. They wrote the first accurate histories.
Greek Cultural Contributions 2. Art- Greek art went through four stages: A. Archaic- stylized patterns
Greek Cultural Contributions B. Transitional or Severe
Greek Cultural Contributions C. Classical- idealized life-like. like.
Greek Cultural Contributions D. Hellenistic- very realistic.
Greek Cultural Contributions 3. Philosophy- they were the first to use naturalistic philosophy trying to explain things without the supernatural. A. The Big Three Socrates- use human reason Plato- we should seek the ideal Aristotle- systematically studied the world & classified things.
B. Important Discoveries/Ideas 1) Aristarchus- heliocentric, or sun-centered theory. 2) Thales- first Greek philosopher. 3) Anaximander- first theory of evolution. 4) Democritus- world is made up of atoms. 5) Euclid- important advances in geometry. 6) Archimedes- very talented inventor. 7) Hippocrates- set high moral & ethical standards for doctors.
Alexander the Great 1. Philip II of Macedonia admired Greek culture, so he hired Aristotle to tutor his son, Alexander. 2. He then conquered and unified Greece, but he was assassinated & his kingdom went to young Alexander. 3. After two years of strengthening his rule in Greece, his conquests began.
4. Alexander conquered lands from Egypt to India, but his empire broke up after his death at age 32. 5. Alexander s s most key contribution was spreading Greek culture around.