6203 TABLE OF CONTENTS Inoperative Components or Visual Aids Table...A Explanation of Terms/Landing Minima Data...B General Information...C Abbreviations...D IAP Planview...E IAP Profile...F Departure Procedures and Standard Terminal Arrival Charts...G Airport Diagram/Sketch...H Approach Lighting Systems...I Frequency Pairing...J Index of Terminal Charts and Minimums...K IFR Takeoff Minimums, Departure Procedures, and Diverse Vector Area (Radar Vectors)...L IFR Alternate Airport Minimums...M Radar Minimums...N Land and Hold-Short Operations (LAHSO)...O Hot Spots...P Standard Terminal Arrival Charts...Z Terminal Charts...Page Rate of Climb/Descent Table...Inside Back Cover Area of Coverage...Outside Back Cover CORRECTIONS, COMMENTS AND/OR PROCUREMENT FOR CHARTING ERRORS, OR FOR CHANGES, ADDITIONS, RECOMMENDATIONS ON PROCEDURAL ASPECTS CONTACT: FAA, Aeronautical Information Services Customer Operations Team 305 East-West Highway SSMC 4, Suite 4400 Silver Spring, MD 2090-328 Telephone -800-638-8972 Email 9-AMC-Aerochart@faa.gov FOR PROCUREMENT: For a list of approved FAA Print Providers, visit our website at http://www.faa.gov/ air_traffic/flight_info/aeronav/print_providers/ For digital products, visit http://www.faa.gov/air_traffic/flight_info/ aeronav/digital_products/ Frequently asked questions (FAQ) are answered on our website at http://www.faa.gov/go/ais. See the FAQs prior to contact via toll free number or email. Request for the creation or revisions to Airport Diagrams should be in accordance with FAA Order 790.4. 6203
623 GENERAL INFORMATION/INSTRUCTIONS CHANGE NOTICE (CN) FOR UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT TERMINAL PROCEDURES PUBLICATION GENERAL : The United States Terminal Procedures are published in 25 Bound Volumes on a 56-day cycle. This CN is published at the mid 28-day point and contains revisions, additions and deletions to the last complete issue of the 24 volumes covering the conterminous U.S. There is no CN published for airports in the states of Alaska, Hawaii, or Pacific Islands. OPERATIONAL USE OF THE CHANGE NOTICE : During flight planning or in the case of an in-flight diversion, it is imperative that the pilot first consult this CN before making any decision as to which procedures are current at the airport of intended landing. If the airport of intended landing is not listed in the supplementary information or Index of Charts then the airport information in the basic 24 volumes has not changed. INDEX OF TERMINAL PROCEDURES: All civil airports which have revised, added or deleted procedures are listed alphabetically by city in the Index. In addition to the airport name, the Index includes the CN page number, the current procedure designation, the affected page and volume number in the last issue of the 24 conterminous US volumes and an indicaton whether the procedure is new, has been deleted, or replaces an existing procedure. EFFECTIVE DATES: All procedures in this CN are effective on the dates shown on the front cover unless indicated otherwise in the Index, i.e., if the procedure revision is effective on a date other than the CN publication date, this will be noted in the Index instructions by "Effective (date)". This will also be shown on the planview of the affected Chart(s) CONSULT CURRENT NOTAMS. 623
6203 TERMINAL PROCEDURES TABLE OF CONTENTS Inoperative Components or Visual Aids Table...A Explanation of Terms/Landing Minima Data...B General Information...C Abbreviations...D IAP Planview...E IAP Profile...F Departure Procedures and Standard Terminal Arrival Charts...G Airport Diagram/Sketch...H Approach Lighting Systems...I Frequency Pairing...J Index of Terminal Charts and Minimums...K IFR Takeoff Minimums, Departure Procedures, and Diverse Vector Area (Radar Vectors)...L IFR Alternate Airport Minimums...M Radar Minimums...N Land and Hold-Short Operations (LAHSO)...O Hot Spots...P Standard Terminal Arrival Charts...Z Terminal Charts...Page Rate of Climb/Descent Table...Inside Back Cover CORRECTIONS, COMMENTS AND/OR PROCUREMENT FOR CHARTING ERRORS, OR FOR CHANGES, ADDITIONS, RECOMMENDATIONS ON PROCEDURAL ASPECTS CONTACT: FAA, Aeronautical Information Services Customer Operations Team 305 East-West Highway SSMC 4, Suite 4400 Silver Spring, MD 2090-328 Telephone -800-638-8972 Email 9-AMC-Aerochart@faa.gov FOR PROCUREMENT: For a list of approved FAA Print Providers, visit our website at http://www.faa.gov/ air_traffic/flight_info/aeronav/print_providers/ For digital products, visit http://www.faa.gov/air_traffic/flight_info/ aeronav/digital_products/ Frequently asked questions (FAQ) are answered on our website at http://www.faa.gov/go/ais. See the FAQs prior to contact via toll free number or email. Request for the creation or revisions to Airport Diagrams should be in accordance with FAA Order 790.4. PAC 6203
INOP COMPONENTS 8088 INOPERATIVE COMPONENTS OR VISUAL AIDS TABLE (For Civil Use Only) Straight-in and Sidestep landing minimums published on instrument approach procedure charts are based on full operation of all components and visual aids associated with the particular approach chart being used. Higher minimums are required with inoperative components or visual aids as indicated below. If more than one component is inoperative, each minimum is raised to the highest minimum required by any single component that is inoperative. ILS glideslope inoperative minimums are published on the instrument approach charts as localizer minimums. This table applies to approach categories A thru D and is to be used unless amended by notes on the approach chart. Such notes apply only to the particular approach category(ies) as stated. Category E inoperative notes will be specified when published on civil charts. The inoperative table does not apply to Circling minimums. See legend page for description of components indicated below. () ILS, PAR, LPV, GLS minima Inoperative Component or Visual Aid Increase Visibility All ALS types (except ODALS) 4 mile (2) ILS, LPV, GLS with visibility minima of RVR 800 /2000 * /2200* Inoperative Component or Visual Aid Increase Visibility To RVR 4000 ALSF & 2, MALSR, SSALR To RVR 4500* TDZL or RCLS To RVR 2400# RVR To 2 mile #For ILS, LPV, GLS procedures with a 200 foot HAT, RVR 800 authorized with use of FD or AP or HUD to DA. (3) All Approach Types and all lines of minima other than () & (2) above Inoperative Component or Visual Aid ALSF & 2, MALSR, SSALR MALSF, MALS, SSALF, SSALS, SALSF, SALS Increase Visibility 2 4 mile mile (4) Sidestep minima (CAT C-D) Inoperative Component or Visual Aid to Sidestep Runway ALSF & 2, MALSR, SSALR Increase Visibility 2 mile (5) All Approach Types, All lines of minima Inoperative Component or Visual Aid ODALS (CAT A-B) ODALS (CAT C-D) Increase Visibility 4 8 mile mile INOP COMPONENTS 8088
TERMS/LANDING MINIMA DATA 77 IFR LANDING MINIMA The United States Standard for Terminal Instrument Procedures (TERPS) is the approved criteria for formulating instrument approach procedures. Landing minima are established for six aircraft approach categories (ABCDE and COPTER). In the absence of COPTER MINIMA, helicopters may use the CAT A minimums of other procedures. LANDING MINIMA FORMAT In this example airport elevation is 79, and runway touchdown zone elevation is 52. DA Visibility (RVR 00's of feet) Aircraft Approach Category HAT/HATh Straight-in ILS to Runway 27 Straight-in with Glide Slope Inoperative or not used to Runway 27 CATEGORY S-ILS 27 S-LOC 27 CIRCLING A B C D 352/24 200 (200-2 ) 440/24 288 (300-2 ) 540-640- 36 (400-) 46 (500-) 640- MDA HAA Visibility in Statute Miles COPTER MINIMA ONLY 2 46 (500-2 ) 440/50 288 (300-) 740-2 56 (600-2) CATEGORY H-76 All weather minimums in parentheses not applicable to Civil Pilots. Military Pilots refer to appropriate regulations. COPTER 680-2 363 (400-2 ) Copter Approach Direction Height of MDA/DA Above Landing Area (HAL) No circling minimums are provided NOTE: The W symbol indicates outages of the WAAS vertical guidance may occur daily at this location due to initial system limitations. WAAS NOTAMS for vertical outages are not provided for this approach. Use LNAV minima for flight planning at these locations, whether as a destination or alternate. For flight operations at these locations, when the WAAS avionics indicate that LNAV/VNAV or LPV service is available, then vertical guidance may be used to complete the approach using the displayed level of service. Should an outage occur during the procedure, reversion to LNAV minima may be required. As the WAAS coverage is expanded, the W will be removed. RNAV minimums are dependent on navigation equipment capability, as stated in the applicable AFM, AFMS, or other FAA approved document. See AIM paragraph 5-4-5, AC 90-05 and AC 90-07 for detailed requirements for each line of minima. COLD TEMPERATURE RESTRICTED AIRPORTS NOTE: A -2 Csymbol indicates a cold temperature altitude correction is required at this airport when reported temperature is at or below the published restricted temperature. Pilots familiar with cold temperature procedure in the Notice to Airman Publication (NTAP) and correcting all altitudes from the IAF to the MA final holding altitude do not have to reference the NTAP. Pilots wishing to correct on individual segments must reference the NTAP airport list for affected segments. See Notice to Airman Publication (NTAP) Graphic Notices General for complete list of published airports, temperature, segments, and procedure information. www.faa.gov/air_traffic/publications/notices. Pilots will advise ATC with the required altitude correction when making a correction to any segment other than the final segment. See following Cold Temperature Error Table to make manual corrections. COLD TEMPERATURE ERROR TABLE REPORTED TEMP C +0 0-0 -20-30 -40-50 HEIGHT ABOVE AIRPORT IN FEET 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 000 500 2000 3000 4000 5000 0 0 0 0 20 20 20 20 20 30 40 60 80 90 20 20 30 30 40 40 50 50 60 90 20 70 230 280 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 00 50 200 290 390 490 30 50 60 70 90 00 20 30 40 20 280 420 570 70 40 60 80 00 20 40 50 70 90 280 380 570 760 950 50 80 00 20 50 70 90 220 240 360 480 720 970 20 60 90 20 50 80 20 240 270 300 450 590 890 90 500 AIRCRAFT APPROACH CATEGORIES Aircraft approach category indicates a grouping of aircraft based on a speed of VREF, if specified, or if VREF not specified,.3 VSO at the maximum certificated landing weight. VREF, VSO, and the maximum certificated landing weight are those values as established for the aircraft by the certification authority of the country of registry. Helicopters are Category A aircraft. An aircraft shall fit in only one category. However, if it is necessary to operate at a speed in excess of the upper limit of the speed range for an aircraft's category, the minimums for the category for that speed shall be used. For example, an airplane which fits into Category B, but is circling to land at a speed of 45 knots, shall use the approach Category D minimums. As an additional example, a Category A airplane (or helicopter) which is operating at 30 knots on a straight-in approach shall use the approach Category C minimums. See following category limits: MANEUVERING TABLE Approach Category Speed (Knots) A B C D E 0-90 9-20 2-40 4-65 Abv 65 TERMS/LANDING MINIMA DATA 77
TERMS/LANDING MINIMA DATA 7229 CIRCLING APPROACH OBSTACLE PROTECTED AIRSPACE The circling MDA provides vertical obstacle clearance during a circle-to-land maneuver. The circling MDA protected area extends from the threshold of each runway authorized for landing following a circle-to-land maneuver for a distance as shown in the tables below. The resultant arcs are then connected tangentially to define the protected area. STANDARD CIRCLING APPROACH MANEUVERING RADIUS Circling approach protected areas developed prior to late 202 used the radius distances shown in the following table, expressed in nautical miles (NM), dependent on aircraft approach category. The approaches using standard circling approach areas can be identified by the absence of the C symbol on the circling line of minima. Circling MDA in feet MSL All Altitudes Approach Category and Circling Radius (NM) CAT A CAT B CAT C CAT D CAT E.3.5.7 2.3 4.5 C EXPANDED CIRCLING APPROACH MANEUVERING AIRSPACE RADIUS Circling approach protected areas developed after late 202 use the radius distance shown in the following table, expressed in nautical miles (NM), dependent on aircraft approach category, and the altitude of the circling MDA, which accounts for true airspeed increase with altitude. The approaches using expanded circling approach areas can be identified by the presence of the C symbol on the circling line of minima. Circling MDA in feet MSL 000 or less 00-3000 300-5000 Approach Category and Circling Radius (NM) CAT A CAT B CAT C CAT D CAT E.3.7 2.7 3.6 4.5.3.8 2.8 3.7 4.6.3.8 2.9 3.8 4.8 A use 2400 RVR with the resultant visibility of 2 mile. TERMS/LANDING MINIMA DATA.3.9 3.0 4.0 5.0.4 2.0 3.2 4.2 5.3.4 2. 3.3 4.4 5.5 Visibility in Statute Miles All minimums in parentheses not applicable to Civil Radar Minima: Pilots. Military Pilots refer to appropriate regulations.. Minima shown are the lowest permitted by established criteria. Pilots should consult applicable directives for their category of aircraft. 2. The circling MDA and weather minima to be used are those for the runway to which the final approach is flown- not the landing runway. In the above RADAR MINIMA example, a category C aircraft flying a radar approach to runway 0, circling to land on runway 28, must use an MDA of 560 feet with weather minima of 500-2. NOTE: Military RADAR MINIMA may be shown with communications symbology that indicates emergency frequency monitoring capability by the radar facility as follows: (E) VHF and UHF emergency frequencies monitored (V) VHF emergency frequency (2.5) monitored (U) UHF emergency frequency (243.0) monitored Additionally, unmonitored frequencies which are available on request from the controlling agency may be annotated with an "x". A NA Alternate minimums are Not Authorized due to unmonitored facility or absence of weather reporting service. T 500-7000 700-9000 900 and above Comparable Values of RVR and Visibility The following table shall be used for converting RVR to ground or flight visibility. For converting RVR values that fall between listed values, use the next higher RVR value; do not interpolate. For example, when converting 800 RVR, RADAR MINIMA PAR ASR CIR 0 2.5 /42/000 28 2.5 /48/068 0 28 0 28 RVR (feet) Visibility (statute miles) RVR (feet) Visibility (statute miles) 600 2400 3200 4000 ABCDE 95/6 ABCDE 87/6 ABC AB AB AB 4 2 5 8 3 4 560/40 600/50 560-4 600-4 00 00 463 53 463 503 (00-4 ) (00-4 ) 3 (500-4 ) (600-) (500-4 ) (600-4 ) DE 560/50 463 (500-) 600/60 560-2 600-2 Visibility (RVR 00's of feet) Alternate Minimums not standard. Civil users refer to tabulation. USA/USN/USAF pilots refer to appropriate regulations. 4500 5000 7 8 6000 4 HAT/ HAT/ DA/ HATh/ DA/ HATh/ RWY GP/TCH/RPI CAT MDA-VIS HAA CEIL-VIS CAT MDA-VIS HAA CEIL-VIS 7229 CDE CDE CDE 53 463 503 (600-4 ) (500-2 ) (600-2 ) Airport is published in the Takeoff Minimums, (Obstacle) Departure Procedures, and Diverse Vector Area (Radar Vectors) tabulation.
GENERAL INFO 8088 GENERAL INFORMATION This publication is issued every 56 days and includes Standard Instrument Approach Procedures (SIAPS), Standard Instrument Departures (SIDs), Standard Terminal Arrivals (STARs), IFR Takeoff Minimums and (Obstacle) Departure Procedures (ODPs), IFR Alternate Minimums, and Radar Instrument Approach Minimums for use by civil and military aviation. The organization responsible for SIAPs, Radar Minimums, SIDs, STARs and graphic ODPs is identified in parentheses in the top margin of the procedure; e.g., (FAA), (FAA-O), (USA), (USAF), (USN). SIAPS with the (FAA) and (FAA-O) designation are regulated under 4 CFR, Part 97. SIAPs with the (FAA-O) designation have been developed under Other Transaction Agreement (OTA) by private providers and have been certified by the FAA. See 4 CFR, Part 9.75 (a) and the AIM for further details. 4 CFR, Part 9.75 (g) and the Special Notices section of the Chart Supplement contains information on civil operations at military airports. The FAA uses an internal numbering system on all charts in the TPP. This Approach and Landing (AL) number is located on the top center margin of the chart followed by the organization responsible for the procedure in parentheses, e.g., AL-8 (FAA), AL-227 (USAF). CHART CURRENCY INFORMATION Date of Latest Revision 09365 The Date of Latest Revision identifies the Julian date the chart was added or last revised for any reason. The first two digits indicate the year, the last three digits indicate the day of the year (00 to 365/6) in which the latest revision of any kind has been made to the chart. FAA Procedure Orig 3DEC09 Procedure Amendment Amendment Number Amdt 2B 2MAR09 Effective Date The FAA Procedure Amendment Number represents the most current amendment of a given procedure. The Procedure Amendment Effective Date represents the AIRAC cycle date on which the procedure amendment was incorporated into the chart. Updates to the amendment number & effective date represent procedural/criteria revisions to the charted procedure, e.g., course, fix, altitude, minima, etc. NOTE: Inclusion of the "Procedure Amendment Effective Date" will be phased in as procedures are amended. As this occurs, the Julian date will be relocated to the upper right corner of the chart. MISCELLANEOUS Indicates a non-continuously operating facility, see Chart Supplement. For Civil (FAA) instrument procedures, "RADAR REQUIRED" in the planview of the chart indicates that ATC radar must be available to assist the pilot when transitioning from the en route environment. "Radar required" in the pilot briefing portion of the chart indicates that ATC radar is required on portions of the procedure outside the final approach segment, including the missed approach. Some military procedures also have equipment requirements such as "Radar Required", but do not conform to the same charting application standards used by the FAA. Distances in nautical miles (except visibility in statute miles and Runway Visual Range in hundreds of feet). Runway Dimensions in feet. Elevations in feet. Mean Sea Level (MSL). Ceilings in feet above airport elevation. Radials/ bearings/headings/courses are magnetic. Horizontal Datum: Unless otherwise noted on the chart, all coordinates are referenced to North American Datum 983 (NAD 83), which for charting purposes is considered equivalent to World Geodetic System 984 (WGS 84). Terrain is scaled within the neat lines (planview boundaries) and does not accurately underlie not-to-scale distance depictions or symbols. GENERAL INFO 8088
GENERAL INFO 8088 STANDARD TERMINAL ARRIVALS AND DEPARTURE PROCEDURES The use of the associated codified STAR/DP and transition identifiers are requested of users when filing flight plans via teletype and are required for users filing flight plans via computer interface. It must be noted that when filing a STAR/DP with a transition, the first three coded characters of the STAR and the last three coded characters of the DP are replaced by the transition code. Examples: ACTON SIX ARRIVAL, file (AQN.AQN6); ACTON SIX ARRIVAL, EDNAS TRANSITION, file (EDNAS.AQN6). FREEHOLD THREE DEPARTURE, file (FREH3.RBV), FREEHOLD THREE DEPARTURE, ELWOOD CITY TRANSITION, file (FREH3.EWC). RNAV DP and STAR. Effective March 5,2007, these procedures, formerly identified as Type-A and Type-B, will be designated as RNAV in accordance with amended Advisory Circular (AC) and ICAO terminology. Refer to AC 90-00A U.S. TERMINAL AND EN ROUTE AREA NAVIGATION (RNAV) OPERATIONS and the Aeronautical Information Manual for additional guidance regarding these procedures. NOTE: RNAV NOTE: DME/DME/IRU or GPS required Standard RNAV Procedure Chart Notes Some procedures may require use of GPS and will be identified by a "GPS required" note. RNAV Procedure Characteristics and Operations. Require use of an RNAV system with DME/DME/IRU, and/or GPS inputs. 2. Require use of a CDI, flight director, and/or autopilot, in lateral navigation mode, for flight guidance while operating on RNAV paths (track, course, or direct leg). Other methods providing an equivalent level of performance may be acceptable. 3. RNAV paths may start as low as 500 feet above airport elevation. PROCEDURE EQUIPMENT REQUIREMENTS Users will begin to see Performance-Based Navigation (PBN) Requirements and ground-based Equipment Requirements prominently displayed in separate, standardized notes boxes. For procedures with PBN elements, the PBN box will contain the procedure's navigation specification(s); and, if required: specific sensors or infrastructure needed for the navigation solution; any additional or advanced functional requirements; the minimum Required Navigation Performance (RNP) value and any amplifying remarks. Items listed in this PBN box are REQUIRED for the procedure's PBN elements. The separate Equipment Requirements Box will list ground-based equipment requirements. On procedures with both PBN elements and equipment requirements, the PBN requirements box will be listed first. The publication of these notes will continue incrementally until all charts have been amended to comply with the new standard. Ground-Based Procedure with PBN Elements PBN Requirements Box Equipment Requirements Box Standard Procedure Notes Box From WINRZ, LIBGE: RNAV- GPS, RNAV-GPS from MAP to YARKU. DME Required for LOC only. T Circling to Rwy 25 NA at night. # For inop MALSR increase S-ILS 6R all cats visibility to 2 SM. PILOT CONTROLLED AIRPORT LIGHTING SYSTEMS Available pilot controlled lighting (PCL) systems are indicated as follows:. Approach lighting systems that bear a system identification are symbolized using negative symbology, e.g., A, V, 2. Approach lighting systems that do not bear a system identification are indicated with a negative " L " beside the name. A star ( ) indicates non-standard PCL, consult Chart Supplement, e.g., L To activate lights, use frequency indicated in the communication section of the chart with a L or the appropriate lighting system identification e.g., UNICOM 22.8 L, A, V KEY MIKE 7 times within 5 seconds 5 times within 5 seconds 3 times within 5 seconds FUNCTION Highest intensity available Medium or lower intensity (Lower REIL or REIL-off) Lowest intensity available (Lower REIL or REIL-off) GENERAL INFO 8088
GENERAL INFO 77 ABBREVIATIONS AAUP... Attention All Users Page GPS... Global Positioning System ADF... Automatic Direction Finder GS... Glide Slope ADIZ... Air Defense Identification Zone HAA... Height above Airport AFIS... Automatic Flight Information HAL... Height above Landing Service HAT... Height above Touchdown ALS... Approach Light System HATh... Height Above Threshold ALSF... Approach Light System with HGS... Head-up Guidance System Sequenced Flashing Lights HIRL... High Intensity Runway Lights AP... Autopilot System HUD... Head-up Display APCH... Approach IAF... Initial Approach Fix APP CON... Approach Control ICAO... International Civil Aviation ARR... Arrival Organization ASOS... Automated Surface Observing IF... Intermediate Fix System IM... Inner Marker ASR/PAR... Published Radar Minimums at INOP... Inoperative this Airport INT... Intersection ASSC... Airport Surface Surveillance K... Knots Systems KIAS... Knots Indicated Airspeed ATIS... Automatic Terminal Information LAAS... Local Area Augmentation Service System AUNICOM... Automated UNICOM LDA... Localizer Type Directional Aid AWOS... Automated Weather Observing Ldg... Landing System LIRL... Low Intensity Runway Lights AZ... Azimuth LNAV... Lateral Navigation BC... Back Course LOC... Localizer BND... Bound LP... Localizer Performance C... Circling LPV... Localizer Performance with CAT... Category Vertical Guidance CCW... Counter Clockwise LR... Lead Radial. Provides at least CDI... Course Deviation Indicator 2 NM (Copter NM) of lead to Chan... Channel assist in turning onto the CIFP... Coded Instrument Flight intermediate/final course. Procedures MAA... Maximum Authorized Altitude CIR... Circling MALS... Medium Intensity Approach CLNC DEL... Clearance Delivery Light System CNF... Computer Navigation Fix MALSF... Medium Approach Lighting CTAF... Common Traffic Advisory System with Sequenced Flashers Frequency MALSR... Medium Intensity Approach CW... Clockwise Light System with RAIL D-ATIS... Digital-Automatic Terminal MAP... Missed Approach Point Information Service MDA... Minimum Descent Altitude DA... Decision Altitude MIRL... Medium Intensity Runway Lights DER... Departure End of Runway MM... Middle Marker DH... Decision Height MRA... Minimum Reception Altitude DME... Distance Measuring Equipment N/A... Not Applicable DTHR... Displaced Threshold NA... Not Authorized DVA... Diverse Vector Area NDB... Non-directional Radio Beacon ELEV... Elevation NFD... National Flight Database EMAS... Engineered Material Arresting NM... Nautical Mile System NoPT... No Procedure Turn Required FAF... Final Approach Fix (Procedure Turn shall not be FD... Flight Director System executed without ATC FM... Fan Marker clearance) FMS... Flight Management System ODALS... Omnidirectional Approach GBAS... Ground Based Augmentation Light System System ODP... Obstacle Departure Procedure GCO... Ground Communications Outlet OM... Outer Marker GLS... Ground Based Augmentation PAR... Precision Approach Radar System Landing System PRM... Precision Runway Monitor GP... Glidepath GPI... Ground Point of Interception GENERAL INFO 77
GENERAL INFO 77 ABBREVIATIONS R... Radial RA... Radio Altimeter setting height RAIL... Runway Alignment Indicator Lights RCLS... Runway Centerline Light System REIL... Runway End Identifier Lights RF... Radius-to-Fix RLLS... Runway Lead-in Light System RNAV... Area Navigation RNP... Required Navigation Performance RPI... Runway Point of Intercept(ion) RRL... Runway Remaining Lights Rwy... Runway RVR... Runway Visual Range S... Straight-in SALS... Short Approach Light System SALSF... Short Approach Lighting System with Sequenced Flashing Lights SSALF... Simplified Short Approach Lighting System with Sequenced Flashers SSALR... Simplified Short Approach Light System with RAIL SSALS... Simplified Short Approach Lighting System SDF... Simplified Directional Facility SM... Statute Mile SOIA... Simultaneous Offset Instrument Approach TAA... Terminal Arrival Area TAC... TACAN TCH... Threshold Crossing Height (height in feet Above Ground level) TDZ... Touchdown Zone TDZE... Touchdown Zone Elevation TDZ/CL... Touchdown Zone and Runway Centerline Lighting TDZL... Touchdown Zone Lights THR... Threshold THRE... Threshold Elevation TODA... Takeoff Distance Available TORA... Takeoff Run Available TR... Track VASI... Visual Approach Slope Indicator VCOA... Visual Climb Over Airport VDP... Visual Descent Point VGSI... Visual Glide Slope Indicator VNAV... Vertical Navigation WAAS... Wide Area Augmentation System WP/WPT... Waypoint (RNAV) GENERAL INFO 77
LEGEND 7229 INSTRUMENT APPROACH PROCEDURES (CHARTS) PLANVIEW SYMBOLS TERMINAL ROUTES 65 Procedure Track 345 Missed Approach Procedure Turn (Type degree and point Visual Flight Path of turn optional) 300 NoPT 5.6 NM to GS Intcpt 045 (4.2 to LOM) Minimum Altitude 2000 55 Feeder Route (5.) Mileage RADIO AIDS TO NAVIGATION 0. Underline indicates No Voice transmitted on this frequency Compulsory: VOR VORTAC DME NDB/DME VOR/DME TACAN NDB Non-Compulsory: VOR VORTAC DME NDB/DME VOR/DME TACAN NDB Missed Approach 360 80 HOLDING PATTERNS In lieu of Procedure Turn 270 (IAS) 090 (75K) applies to all altitudes. including 4000'. adjacent leg. Arrival Limits will only be specified when they deviate from the standard. DME fixes may be shown. FIXES/ATC REPORTING REQUIREMENTS Reporting Point Name (Compulsory) Name (Non-Compulsory) WAYPOINT (Compulsory) Computer Navigation Fix (CNF) 5 DME Distance From Facility R-98 FLYOVER POINT Intersection ARC/DME/RNAV Fix MAP WP (Flyover) x (NAME) ("x" omitted when it conflicts with runway pattern) AUSTN INT HOLD 8000 360 Arrival Holding Pattern altitude restrictions 80 Holding pattern with max. restricted airspeed: (20K) applies to altitudes above 6000' to and will be indicated when they deviate from the WAYPOINT (Non-Compulsory) Radial line and value LOC/DME Coordinates Frequency LOM/LMM (Compass locator at Outer Marker/Middle Marker) Marker Beacon Marker beacons that are not specifically part of the procedure but underlie the final approach course are shown in screened color. Identifier Primary Navaid with Coordinate Values LIMA 4.5 LIM Chan 92 S2 00.80' W77 07.00' Localizer (LOC/LDA) Course Right side shading- Front course; Left side shading- Back Course LOC/LDA/SDF Transmitter SDF Course (shown when installation is offset from its normal postion off the end of the runway.) Waypoint Data PRAYS N38 58.30' W89 5.50' 2.7 CAP 87. -56.2 LIM 590 Reference Facility Elevation LMM LIMA 248 NT Waypoint Name Radial-Distance (Facility to Waypoint) NT Secondary Navaid LR-98 Lead Radial LB-98 Lead Bearing ALTITUDES 5500 Mandatory Altitude 3000 Recommended Altitude SCOTT Chan 59 SKE (2.2) VHF Paired Frequency 2500 Minimum Altitude 4300 Maximum Altitude 5000 Mandatory Block 3000 Altitude 75K INDICATED AIRSPEED 20K 250K 80K Mandatory Airspeed Minimum Airspeed Maximum Airspeed Recommended Airspeed LEGEND 7229
LEGEND 5232 INSTRUMENT APPROACH PROCEDURES (CHARTS) PLANVIEW SYMBOLS Facility Identifier MINIMUM SAFE ALTITUDE (MSA) 80 MSACR W 25 NM 500 2200 MSA A I A 25 NM 2500 Airport Identifier 090 270 4500 2500 360 (arrows on distance circle identify sectors) TERMINAL ARRIVAL AREA (TAA) 2000 4200 090 270 Straight-in Area 090 270 500 2000 5 NM 20 360 360 2 N M 2000 Right Base Area Left Base Area MISCELLANEOUS SPECIAL USE AIRSPACE VOR Changeover Point S2 00.52' End of Rwy Coordinates RWY 5 W77 06.9' (DOD only) R-352 R-Restricted P-Prohibited W-Warning A-Alert Distance not to scale International Boundary Air Defense Identification Zone AIRPORTS Primary and Secondary (named in planview) Civil Seaplane Base OBSTACLES Spot Elevation Obstacle Highest Obstacle Highest Spot Elevation Group of Obstacles Doubtful accuracy LEGEND 5232
LEGEND 7229 INSTRUMENT APPROACH PROCEDURES (CHARTS) ILS or LOC APPROACH PROFILE VIEW Three different methods are used to depict either electronic or vertical guidance: "GS", "GP", or "VDA".. "GS" indicates that an Instrument Landing System (ILS) electronic glide slope (a ground antenna) provides vertical guidance. The profile section of ILS procedures depict a GS angle and TCH in the following format: GS 3.00. TCH 55 2. "GP" on GLS and RNAV procedures indicates that either electronic vertical guidance (via Wide Area Augmentation System - WAAS or Ground Based Augmentation System - GBAS) or barometric vertical guidance is provided. GLS and RNAV procedures with a published decision altitude (DA/H) depict a GP angle and TCH in the following format: GP 3.00. TCH 50 3. An advisory vertical descent angle (VDA) is provided on non-vertically guided conventional procedures and RNAV procedures with only a minimum descent altitude (MDA) to assist in preventing controlled flight into terrain. On Civil (FAA) procedures, this information is placed above or below the procedure track following the fix it is based on. Absence of a VDA or a note that the VDA is not authorized indicates that the prescribed obstacle clearance surface is not clear and the VDA must not be used below MDA. VDA is depicted in the following format: 3.00. TCH 55 AB LOM Procedure Turn (PT) Fix 4000 PT Fix Altitude until Established Outbound (Some approaches may use a restrictive note) PT Completion Altitude 2400 Glide Slope Threshold Crossing Height 307 27 GS 3.00 TCH 55 Glide Slope Intercept Altitude 2400 256 Glide Slope Altitude at Outer Marker/FAF FAF (precision approaches) FAF (non-precision approaches) ILS Missed Approach Point Glide Slope Missed Approach Track Airport Profile Glidepath RNAV and GLS PROCEDURES WITH VERTICAL GUIDANCE 7 NM Holding Pattern 303 800 23 GP 3.00 TCH 38 BAXKU 23 Vertical Descent Angle (VDA) Threshold Crossing height 5.8 Visual Descent Point (VDP) NON-VERTICALLY GUIDED CONVENTIONAL PROCEDURES AND RNAV PROCEDURES WITH MDA ONLY ABC VOR 7000 IPHIB 5700 * 4480 2.93 TCH 50 Visual segment below MDA/DA is clear of obstacles on 34: slope. (Absence of shaded area indicates 34: is not clear.) ABC VOR 3.3 VGSI and RNAV glidepath not coincident (VGSI Angle 3.00/TCH 23). ARUJU 5700 2400 33 WUGOD * LNAV only 4 NM to *.6 NM to RW2 RW2 ABC VOR 33 33 RW2 3000 One Minute Holding Pattern 2.5 NM 3.3 NM 5500 2500 4300 LEGEND DESCENT FROM HOLDING PATTERN Minimum Altitude Maximum Altitude ALTITUDES Mandatory Altitude 7229 3000 Recommended Altitude 5000 Mandatory Block 3000 Altitude ABC VOR 2400 2400 33 33 33 procedures. 3000 Glide Slope/Glidepath Intercept Altitude and final approach fix for vertically guided approach Visual Descent Point (VDP) PROFILE SYMBOLS Visual Flight Path Note: Facilities and waypoints are depicted as a solid vertical line while fixes and intersections are depicted as a dashed vertical line.
LEGEND Compulsory: VOR LEGEND STANDARD TERMINAL ARRIVAL (STAR) CHARTS RADIO AIDS TO NAVIGATION VOR/DME Non-Compulsory: VOR VOR/DME 7229 VORTAC TACAN VORTAC TACAN DEPARTURE PROCEDURE (DP) CHARTS Applies to both STAR and DP Charts unless otherwise noted. DME NDB DME NDB NDB/DME NDB/DME 4500 MEA-Minimum Enroute Altitude 3500 MOCA-Minimum Obstruction Clearance Altitude * 270 Departure Route - Arrival Route (65) Mileage between Radio Aids, Reporting Points, and Route Breaks V2 R-275 J80 ROUTES Transition Route Radial line and value Lost Communications Track Airway/Jet Route Identification LMM, LOM (Compass locator) Marker Beacon LOC LOC/DME (shown when installation is offset from its normal position off the end of the runway.) (DP) DP Holding Pattern (IAS) STAR Holding Pattern (IAS) Localizer Course SDF Course Holding pattern with max. restricted airspeed (75K) applies to all altitudes (20K) applies to altitudes above 6000' to and including 4000' (T) indicates frequency protection range (STAR) Frequency Underline indicates no voice transmitted on this frequency Coordinates Frequency Identifier Identifier L-9, H-5 DME or TACAN Enroute Chart Channel Reference PRAYS N38 58.30' W89 5.50' DME fix 2.7 CAP 87. -56.2 590 Reference Facility Elevation 75 ORL (Y) TACAN must be placed in "Y" mode to receive distance information Geographic Position Waypoint Name Radial-Distance (Facility to Waypoint) FIXES/ATC REPORTING REQUIREMENTS Reporting Points N00 00.00' W00 00.00' Fix-Compulsory and ORLANDO 2.25 (T) ORL Chan 59 (Y) N28 32.56' - W8 20.0' Non-Compulsory Position Report DME Mileage (when not obvious) R-352 5000 2000 SPECIAL USE AIRSPACE ALTITUDES INDICATED AIRSPEED 75K Mandatory Airspeed (DP) R-Restricted P-Prohibited 5500 2300 MOA-Military Operations Area 20K Minimum Airspeed AIRPORTS 250K Maximum Airspeed Joint Civil Military Civil-Military MISCELLANEOUS W-Warning A-Alert 4800 Mandatory Altitude Minimum Altitude Maximum Altitude (Cross at) (Cross at or above) (Cross at or below) Block Altitude Altitude change at other than Radio Aids(STAR) Airports not served by the procedure shown in screened color (STAR) Civil Military Joint Civil-Military WAYPOINT (Compulsory) WAYPOINT (Non-Compulsory) FLYOVER POINT Changeover Point Distance not to scale (DP) International Boundary (DP) X Computer Navigation Fix (CNF) N00 00.00' W00 00.00' T Air Defense Identification Zone Takeoff Minimums and (Obstacle) Departure Procedures entry published. (DP) LEGEND 7229
8032 LEGEND Runways INSTRUMENT APPROACH PROCEDURES (CHARTS) AIRPORT DIAGRAM/AIRPORT SKETCH Helicopter Alighting Areas H H H Hard Surface Other Than Hard Surface Stopways,Taxiways, Displaced Parking Areas, Threshold Water Runways Negative Symbols used to identify Copter Procedures landing point... H H H X X x x x Runway Threshold elevation...thre 23 Closed Runway Closed Pavement Under Construction Metal Surface Runway TDZ elevation...tdze 23 0.3% DOWN ARRESTING GEAR: Specific arresting gear systems; e.g., BAK2, MA-A etc., shown on airport diagrams, not applicable to Civil Pilots. Military Pilots refer to appropriate DOD publications. uni-directional bi-directional Jet Barrier Runway Slope...0.8% UP (shown when runway slope is greater than or equal to 0.3%) NOTE: Runway Slope measured to midpoint on runways 8000 feet or longer. ARRESTING SYSTEM (EMAS) REFERENCE FEATURES Hot Spot... Runway Holding Position Markings... U.S. Navy Optical Landing System (OLS) "OLS" location is shown because of its height of approximately 7 feet and proximity to edge of runway may create an obstruction for some types of aircraft. Buildings... 24-Hour Self-Serve Fuel ##... Approach light symbols are shown in the Flight Information Handbook. Tanks... Obstructions... Airport Beacon #... Runway Radar Reflectors... Control Tower #... TWR # When Control Tower and Rotating Beacon are co-located, Beacon symbol will be used and further identified as TWR. ## A fuel symbol is shown to indicate 24-hour self-serve fuel available, see appropriate Chart Supplement for information. Runway length depicted is the physical length of the runway (end-to-end, including displaced thresholds if any) but excluding areas designated as stopways. Airport diagram scales are variable. True/magnetic North orientation may vary from diagram to diagram Coordinate values are shown in or 2 minute increments. They are further broken down into 6 second ticks, within each minute increments. Positional accuracy within 600 feet unless otherwise noted on the chart. NOTE: All new and revised airport diagrams are shown referenced to the World Geodetic System (WGS) (noted on appropriate diagram), and may not be compatible with local coordinates published in FLIP. (Foreign Only) A D symbol is shown to indicate runway declared distance information available, see appropriate Chart Supplement for distance information. Runway Weight Bearing Capacity/or PCN Pavement Classification Number is shown as a codified expression. Refer to the appropriate Supplement/Directory for applicable codes e.g., RWY 4-32 PCN 80 F/D/X/U S-75, D-85, 2S-75, 2D-325 HS Runway End Elevation BAK-2 20 ELEV 64 Runway Slope 0.7% UP 9000 X 200 023.2 Runway Dimensions (in feet) FIELD ELEV 74 SCOPE Displaced Threshold 2 Runway Heading operations. For revisions to Airport Diagrams: Consult FAA Order 790.4. Runway Identification 000 X 200 EMAS (Magnetic) Movement Area Dimensions (in feet) Visual Screen Airport diagrams are specifically designed to assist in the movement of ground traffic at locations with complex runway/taxiway configurations. Airport diagrams are not intended to be used for approach and landing or departure LEGEND
LEGEND 5344 INSTRUMENT APPROACH PROCEDURES (CHARTS) APPROACH LIGHTING SYSTEM - UNITED STATES A 2 V Approach lighting and visual glide slope systems are indicated on the airport sketch by an identifier, e.g.,,, etc. A dot " " portrayed with approach lighting letter identifier indicates sequenced flashing lights (F) installed with the approach lighting system e.g., A. Negative symbology, e.g., A, Vindicates Pilot Controlled Lighting (PCL). RUNWAY TOUCHDOWN ZONE AND CENTERLINE LIGHTING SYSTEMS A 2 SHORT APPROACH LIGHTING SYSTEM OMNIDIRECTIONAL APPROACH LIGHTING SYSTEM ODALS TDZ/CL RUNWAY CENTERLINE LIGHTS SALS/SALSF (High Intensity) 36 THRESHOLD CL SAME AS INNER 500' OF ALSF- TDZL TDZL SIMPLIFIED SHORT APPROACH LIGHTING SYSTEM AVAILABILITY of TDZ/CL will be shown by with Runway Alignment Indicator Lights NOTE in SKETCH e.g. "TDZ/CL Rwy 5" A 3 APPROACH LIGHTING SYSTEM SSALR V 500' LENGTH 500 FEET VISUAL APPROACH SLOPE INDICATOR VASI SEQUENCED FLASHING LIGHTS 2400'/3000' A 500' 000' RED WHITE SEQUENCED FLASHING LIGHTS ALSF-2 GREEN WHITE RED NOTE: CIVIL ALSF-2 MAY BE OPERATED AS SSALR DURING FAVORABLE WEATHER CONDITIONS 000' 2400'/3000' GREEN WHITE SEQUENCED FLASHING LIGHTS (High Intensity) LENGTH 2400/3000 FEET MEDIUM INTENSITY MALS ( and MALSF) OR SIMPLIFIED SHORT ( SSALS and SSALF ) APPROACH LIGHTING SYSTEMS VISUAL APPROACH SLOPE INDICATOR WITH STANDARD THRESHOLD CLEARANCE PROVIDED. ALL LIGHTS WHITE FAR LIGHTS RED NEAR LIGHTS WHITE ALL LIGHTS RED VASI 2 VASI 4 36 THRESHOLD 700' 800' VASI 2 TOO HIGH ON GLIDE SLOPE TOO LOW 36 THRESHOLD A 4 (High Intensity) LENGTH 2400/3000 FEET GREEN APPROACH LIGHTING SYSTEM 36 A 000' RED ALSF- GREEN 400' 000' 400' WHITE SEQUENCED FLASHING LIGHTS FOR MALSF/SSALF ONLY V 3 THRESHOLD VISUAL APPROACH SLOPE INDICATOR VASI 3-BAR, 6 OR 6 BOX, VISUAL APPROACH 2400'/3000' WHITE SEQUENCED LENGTH 400 FEET MEDIUM INTENSITY APPROACH LIGHTING SYSTEM with Runway Alignment Indicator Lights SLOPE INDICATOR THAT PROVIDES 2 GLIDE ANGLES AND 2 THRESHOLD CROSSING HEIGHTS. VASI 6 VASI 6 FLASHING LIGHTS A 5 MALSR (High Intensity) LENGTH 2400/3000 FEET SAME LIGHT CONFIGURATION AS SSALR. 36 36 THRESHOLD THRESHOLD LEGEND 5344
LEGEND 04330 INSTRUMENT APPROACH PROCEDURES (CHARTS) APPROACH LIGHTING SYSTEM - UNITED STATES Approach lighting and visual glide slope systems are indicated on the airport sketch by an identifier, A 2, V etc. A dot " " portrayed with approach lighting letter identifier indicates sequenced flashing lights (F) installed with the approach lighting system e.g., A. Negative symbology, e.g., A, Vindicates Pilot Controlled Lighting (PCL). P PRECISION APPROACH PATH INDICATOR V 2 PULSATING VISUAL APPROACH SLOPE INDICATOR PAPI PVASI Too low Slightly low On correct approach path Above Glide Path On Glide Path Below Glide Path Pulsating White Steady, White or Alternating Red/White Pulsating Red Threshold Slightly high Too high CAUTION: When viewing the pulsating visual approach slope indicators : White Red in the pulsating white or pulsating red sectors, it is possible to mistake this lighting aid for another aircraft or a ground vehicle. Pilots should V "T"-VISUAL APPROACH SLOPE INDICATOR "T"-VASI "T" ON BOTH SIDES OF RWY ALL LIGHTS VARIABLE WHITE. CORRECT APPROACH SLOPE- ONLY CROSS BAR VISIBLE. UPRIGHT "T"- FLY UP. INVERTED "T"- FLY DOWN. RED "T"- GROSS UNDERSHOOT. exercise caution when using this type of system. V 4 TRI-COLOR VISUAL APPROACH SLOPE INDICATOR TRCV Above Glide Path On Glide Path Below Glide Path Amber Green Red Amber CAUTION: When the aircraft descends from green to red, the pilot may see a dark amber color during the transition from green to red. V 5 ALIGNMENT OF ELEMENTS SYSTEMS APAP Above glide path On Glide Path Below Glide Path Painted panels which may be lighted at night. To use the system the pilot positions the aircraft so the elements are in alignment. LEGEND 04330
FREQUENCY VHF CHANNEL TACAN FREQUENCY VHF CHANNEL TACAN FREQUENCY VHF CHANNEL TACAN 7.25 7.5 7.05 6.95 6.85 6.75 6.65 6.55 6.45 6.35 6.25 6.5 6.05 5.95 5.85 5.75 5.65 5.55 5.45 5.35 5.25 5.5 5.05 4.95 4.85 4.75 4.65 4.55 4.45 4.35 4.25 4.5 9Y 8Y 7Y 6Y 5Y 4Y 3Y 2Y Y 0Y 09Y 08Y 07Y 06Y 05Y 04Y 03Y 02Y 0Y 00Y 99Y 98Y 97Y 96Y 95Y 94Y 93Y 92Y 9Y 90Y 89Y 88Y 5008 FREQUENCY PAIRING TABLE 0.25 0.5 0.0 0.05 09.95 09.90 09.85 09.75 09.70 09.65 09.55 09.50 09.45 09.35 09.30 09.25 09.5 09.0 09.05 08.95 08.90 08.85 08.75 08.70 08.65 08.55 08.50 08.45 08.35 08.30 08.25 08.5 08.0 08.05 39Y 38Y 38X 37Y 36Y 36X 35Y 34Y 34X 33Y 32Y 32X 3Y 30Y 30X 29Y 28Y 28X 27Y 26Y 26X 25Y 24Y 24X 23Y 22Y 22X 2Y 20Y 20X 9Y 8Y 8X 7Y 87Y 86Y 85Y 84Y 83Y 82Y 8Y 80Y 56Y 56X 55Y 54Y 54X 53Y 52Y 52X 5Y 50Y 50X 49Y 48Y 48X 47Y 46Y 46X 45Y 44Y 44X 43Y 42Y 42X 4Y 40Y 40X 4.05 3.95 3.85 3.75 3.65 3.55 3.45 3.35.95.90.85.75.70.65.55.50.45.35.30.25.5.0.05 0.95 0.90 0.85 0.75 0.70 0.65 0.55 0.50 0.45 0.35 0.30 FREQ PAIRING FREQ PAIRING 5008
CLIMB/DESCENT TABLE 0042 INSTRUMENT TAKEOFF OR APPROACH PROCEDURE CHARTS RATE OF CLIMB/DESCENT TABLE (ft. per min) A rate of climb/descent table is provided for use in planning and executing climbs or descents under known or approximate ground speed conditions. It will be especially useful for approaches when the localizer only is used for course guidance. A best speed, power, altitude combination can be programmed which will result in a stable glide rate and altitude favorable for executing a landing if minimums exist upon breakout. Care should always be exercised so that minimum descent altitude and missed approach point are not exceeded. CLIMB/ DESCENT ANGLE (degrees and tenths) ft/nm GROUND SPEED (knots) 60 90 20 50 80 20 240 270 300 330 360 2.0 20 20 320 425 530 635 743 850 955 060 65 275 2.5 265 265 400 530 665 795 930 060 95 325 460 590 V E R T I C A L P A T H A N G L E 2.7 2.8 2.9 3.0 3. 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 4.0 287 287 430 574 77 860 003 47 290 433 576 720 297 297 446 595 743 892 04 89 338 486 635 783 308 308 462 66 770 924 078 232 386 539 693 847 38 38 478 637 797 956 5 274 433 593 752 9 329 329 494 659 823 988 52 37 48 646 80 975 340 340 50 680 850 020 89 359 529 699 869 2039 350 350 526 70 876 052 227 402 577 752 927 203 36 36 542 722 903 083 264 444 625 805 986 266 370 370 555 745 930 5 300 485 670 860 2045 2230 425 425 640 850 065 275 490 700 95 225 2340 2550 4.5 480 480 75 955 95 435 675 95 250 2390 2630 2870 5.0 530 530 795 065 330 595 860 225 2390 2660 2925 390 5.5 585 585 880 70 465 755 2050 2340 2635 2925 3220 350 6.0 640 640 960 275 595 95 2235 2555 2875 395 350 3830 6.5 690 690 040 385 730 2075 2425 2770 35 3460 3805 455 7.0 745 745 20 490 865 2240 260 2985 3355 3730 405 4475 7.5 800 800 200 600 2000 2400 2800 3200 3600 4000 4400 4800 8.0 855 855 280 70 235 2560 2990 345 3845 4270 4695 525 8.5 90 90 360 85 2270 2725 380 3630 4085 4540 4995 5450 9.0 960 960 445 925 2405 2885 3370 3850 4330 480 5295 5775 9.5 05 05 525 2035 2540 3050 3560 4065 4575 5085 5590 600 0.0 070 070 605 245 2680 325 3750 4285 4820 5355 5890 6430 CLIMB/DESCENT TABLE 0042