ANCIENT EGYPT STUDY GUIDE REVIEW
LOCATION/NILE RIVER EGYPT IS LOCATED ON THE CONTINENT OF AFRICA. NILE RIVER LONGEST RIVER IN THE WORLD. 4,000 MILES LONG BEGINS IN CENTRAL AFRICA & RUNS NORTH THROUGH EGYPT TO THE MEDITERRANEAN SEA
PHYSICAL FEATURES ROCKY HILLY LAND NEAR CATARACTS NILE DELTA DESERTS ON BOTH SIDES OF THE NILE RIVER MEDITERRANEAN SEA & RED SEA
FLOODS ANNUAL FLOODING LEFT SILT FOR RICH FARMLAND DEVELOPED AN IRRIGATION SYSTEM VARIETY OF FOODS FRUITS, VEGETABLES, MEAT
REGIONS UPPER CAPITAL NEK HEN WITH ITS OWN RULER WHITE CROWN LOCATED IN SOUTHERN PART OF EGYPT LOWER CAPITAL PE WITH ITS OWN RULER RED CROWN LOCATED IN NORTHERN PART OF EGYPT
POLITICAL & CULTURAL CENTER 1 ST MEMPHIS OLD KINGDOM LAST THEBES MIDDLE/NEW KINGDOM
OLD KINGDOM UNITED UNDER PHARAOH MENES 2700 BC TO 2200 BC CAPITOL WAS MEMPHIS AGE OF PYRAMIDS PHARAOHS BURIED IN PYRAMIDS PHARAOH WAS VIEWED AS A GOD/KING WHO RULES WITH ABSOLUTELY OVER HIS PEOPLE
MIDDLE KINGDOM UNITED UNDER PHARAOH MENTUHOTEP 2050 BC TO 1750 BC CAPITOL WAS THEBES GOLDEN AGE ORDER & STABILITY PHARAOHS BURIED IN HIDDEN TOMBS PHARAOH WAS VIEWED AS THE SHEPHERD OF HIS PEOPLE WITH THE TASK TO BUILD PUBLIC WORKS AND PRODUCE FOR THE WELFARE OF THE PEOPLE.
NEW KINGDOM UNITED UNDER PHARAOH AHMOSE I 1550 BC TO 1050 BC CAPITOL WAS THEBES IMPERIAL AGE REACHED IT S HEIGHT OF POWER/GLORY PHARAOHS BURIED IN THE VALLEY OF THE KINGS PHARAOH WAS VIEWED NOT ONLY AS A LEADER/RULER, BUT ALSO AS AN IMPORTANT FIGURE IN RELIGION.
GODS POLYTHEISM RELIGION AFTERLIFE LIFE AFTER DEATH; JUDGEMENT DAY BURIAL FILLED TOMBS WITH THINGS (ART, JEWELRY, FOOD, ETC.) KA (A PERSON S HEART/SOUL/SPIRIT) WOULD NEED; ONLY WEALTHY COULD AFFORD MUMMIFICATION PYRAMIDS WHERE PHARAOHS WERE BURIED (TOMBS); SIZED SHOWED A PHARAOHS IMPORTANCE; POINTED TO THE SKY (AFTERLIFE)
ACHIEVEMENTS WRITING HIEROGLYPHICS (WRITING SYSTEM) PAPYRUS (PAPER MADE FROM REEDS) ROSETTA STONE (PROVIDED GREEK TEXT THAT MATCHED THE EARLY EGYPTIAN WRITING & HELPED HISTORIANS LEARN HIEROGLYPHICS) BOOK OF THE DEAD ARCHECTITURE- TEMPLES, PYRAMIDS, SPHINXES (HEAD OF A HUMAN & BODY OF A LION), OBELISK (TALL, 4 SIDED PILLAR THAT IS POINTED AT THE TOP ART- PAINTINGS, CARVINGS, JEWELRY
POLITICS PHARAOH MEANS GREAT HOUSE IN GREEK HIS HOUSE WAS THE GREATEST IN THE LAND MENES UNIFIED UPPER & LOWER EGYPT; 1 ST PHARAOH, 1 ST DYNASTY, 1 ST CAPITAL MEMPHIS KHUFU LARGEST PYRAMID OF GIZA WAS BUILT FOR HIM HATSHEPSUT 1 ST FEMALE RULER TUTHMOSIS III - THE NAPOLEON OF EGYPT ; EXPANDED THE EMPIRE TO ITS GREATEST SIZE
POLITICS AMENHOTEP III - BROUGHT EGYPT INTO ITS PEAK OF POWER AKHENATON CHANGED TO A MONOTHEISTIC RELIGION (ATON) RAMSES II - CONSIDERED TO BE THE LAST GREAT EGYPTIAN KING BRINGING EGYPT PEACE AND STABILITY; REMEMBERED FOR CONSTRUCTING MANY ARCHITECTURAL MARVELS (USED JEWISH SLAVES TO BUILD HIS MONUMENTS AND STATUES) TUTANKHAMEN TOMB WAS DISCOVERED IN 1922
ECONOMY SHADUF A TOOL USED TO LIFT WATER FROM THE NILE TO IRRIGATE CANALS NEAR FIELDS. TRADE - SHIPS MADE OF REED, PAPYRUS, AND WOOD SAILED THE NILE, CARRYING GOODS FOR TRADE. EGYPTIANS TRADED OBJECTS CRAFTED FROM GOLD AND PAPYRUS FOR WRITING. THERE WERE NO COINS OR MONEY SO THEY USED THE BARTER SYSTEM. TRADED FOR WINE AND OIL FROM THE ISLAND OF CRETE. TIMBER, TIN, AND HORSES WERE PURCHASED FROM THE EASTERN PART OF THE EGYPTIAN EMPIRE. COPPER FOR MAKING TOOLS CAME FROM SINAI. SALT, DATES, REEDS, AND CATTLE CAME FROM THE DESERT OASES. GOLD, COPPER, AMETHYST, AND CATTLE CAME FROM NUBIA. SAILING - MERCHANTS, FISHERS, TRADERS, STONE HAULERS, AND NOBLES ALL USED THE NILE TO DO THEIR BUSINESS. CONSTRUCTED REED RAFTS FOR GOING THROUGH NARROW CANALS AND 200-FOOT LONG BARGES FOR HAULING OBELISKS. BUILT BOATS TO FERRY PEOPLE ACROSS THE RIVER. FREIGHTERS CARRIED GRAIN UP AND DOWN THE RIVER.
FAMILY LIFE MEN PROVIDED FOR THE FAMILY, CHILDREN PLAYED & WENT TO SCHOOL; WOMEN HAD MANY LEGAL RIGHTS (OWN PROPERTY, MAKE CONTRACTS, & DIVORCE THEIR HUSBANDS). SOCIAL CLASS
DECLINE BY THE TIME OF THE LAST PHARAOH, THE WELL- KNOWN CLEOPATRA VII, THE TITLE NO LONGER HELD THE POWER IT ONCE DID, FEWER MONUMENTS WERE ERECTED AND, WITH HER DEATH IN 30 BCE, EGYPT BECAME A ROMAN PROVINCE. THE GLORY AND MIGHT OF THE PHARAOHS OF OLD FADED INTO MEMORY. IN 332 BC, ALEXANDER THE GREAT CONQUERED EGYPT WITH LITTLE RESISTANCE AND WAS WELCOMED BY THE EGYPTIANS AS A DELIVERER.