South American Countries Capital Location Population Terrain Climate
Andes Mountains Four large areas that make up the Central Plains: Llanos, the Selva, the Gran Chaco, and the Pampas Brazilian Highlands & Guiana Highlands Amazon Basin Rio de la Plata Sao Francisco River Amazon River Lake Maracaibo
Capital: Buenos Aires Location: Southern South America, bordering the South Atlantic Ocean, between Chile and Uruguay Population: 40,482,000
Terrain/Landforms: Rich plains of the Pampas in the northern half, flat to rolling plateau of Patagoinia in south, rugged Andes along western border Climate: Mostly temperate; arid in southeast; sub antarctic in southwest
Capital: La Paz Location: Central South America, southwest of Brazil Population: 9,247,816
Terrain/Landforms: Rugged Andes Mountains with a highland plateau, hills, lowland plains of the Amazon Basin Climate: Varies with altitude; humid and tropical to cold and semiarid
Capital: Brasilia Location: Eastern South America, bordering the Atlantic Ocean Population: 196,342,592
Terrain/Landforms: Mostly flat to rolling lowlands in north; some plains, hills, mountains, and narrow coastal belt Climate: Mostly tropical, but temperate in south
Capital: Santiago Location: Southern South America, bordering the South Pacific Ocean, between Argentina and Peru Population: 16,454,143
Terrain/Landforms: Low coastal mountains; fertile central valley; rugged Andes in East Climate: Temperate; desert in north; Mediterranean in central region; cool and damp in south
Capital: Bogota Location: Northern South America, bordering the Caribbean Sea between Panama and Venezuela, and bordering the North Pacific Ocean, between Ecuador and Panama Population: 45,013,672
Terrain/Landforms: Flat coastal lowlands, central highlands, high Andes Mountains, eastern lowlands plains Climate: Tropical along coast and eastern plains; cooler in the highlands
Capital: Quito Location: Western South America, bordering the Pacific Ocean at the Equator, between Columbia and Peru Population: 13,927,650
Terrain/Landforms: Coastal plain, inter-andean central highlands, and flat to rolling eastern jungle Climate: Tropical along coast, becoming cooler inland at higher elevations; tropical in Amazonian jungle lowlands
Capital: Georgetown Location: Northern South America; between Suriname and Venezuela and borders the Atlantic Ocean Population: 769,095
Terrain/Landforms: Low coastal plains; tropical; savanna in the south area Climate: Hot, humid; tropical; rainy seasons are May to August and November to January
Capital: Asuncion Location: Central South America, northeast of Argentina Population: 6,831,306
Terrain/Landforms: Grassy plains and wooded hills east of Rio Paraguay; Gran Chaco region west of Rio Paraguay mostly low, marshy plain near the river, and dry forest and thorny scrub Climate: Subtropical to temperate; substantial rainfall in the eastern portions, becoming semiarid in the far west
Capital: Lima Location: Western South America, bordering the South Pacific Ocean, between Chile and Ecuador Population: 29,180,900
Terrain/Landforms: Western coastal plains, high and rugged Andes in center, eastern lowland jungle of Amazon Basin Climate: Varies from tropical in east to dry desert in west; temperate to frigid in Andes
Capital: Paramaribo Location: Northern South America, bordering the North Atlantic Ocean, between French Guiana and Guyana Population: 475,996
Terrain/Landforms: Mostly rolling hills, narrow coastal plains with swamps Climate: Tropical; moderated by trade winds
Capital: Montevideo Location: Southern South America, bordering the South Atlantic Ocean, between Argentina and Brazil Population: 3,477,778
Terrain/Landforms: Mostly rolling plains and low hills; fertile coastal lowlands Climate: Warm temperature; freezing temperatures almost unknown
Capital: Caracas Location: Northern South America, bordering the Caribbean Sea and the North Atlantic Ocean, between Columbia and Guyana Population: 26,414,816
Terrain/Landforms: Andes Mountains and Maracaibo Lowlands in northwest; central plains; Guiana highlands in southeast Climate: Tropical; hot, humid; more moderate in highlands