Airport Regional Air Quality Study Emanuel Fleuti Head of Environmental Services Zurich Airport 9.1.2014
Regional Airport Study 1. The challenges 2. Reality and Requirements 3. The complexity of the full model 4. Regional Modeling 5. Results and discussion 6. Conclusions 2
The challenges Current local air quality discussions: What s the airport s contribution to the local air quality? How significant is this? How many people are significantly affected by airport activities? iti How many people are significantly affected in areas where the airport has still some impacts? How accurate are regional models? 3
Frequent misperception Emission Sources t NOx/a* % Agriculture 844 6.3% Industry/Heatings 4,479479 33.4% Air Traffic (LTO) 1,266 9.4% Road Traffic 6,827 50.9% Total 13,415 100.0% «Aviation contributes with 10% to the air pollution» *Canton of Zurich, Air Quality Plan 2008 Error sources: Air traffic mostly covers the certification LTO cycle (not performance based and up to 915 m instead of 300 m ground) The spatial perimeter size for the total is a political boundary, not an activity related boundary 4
What we have (reality) 1. Overall total 2. Few receptor points Swiss standard NO 2 g/m 3 35 30 15 10 5 25 33 30 25 18 20 0-7 -6-5 -4-3 -2-1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Distance to and from airport (in km) 5
Actual situation Zurich Region 2012 6
What we would like to have (requirements) 1. Source discriminationi i 2. Multiple receptor points 35 30 25 NO 2 g/m 3 20 15 10 5 0-7 -6-5 -4-3 -2-1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Background Airport Aircraft 7
Required modelling of sources Aircraft Total airport and limited ground access Canton of Zurich 8
The complexity of the full model Aircraft emission inventory Airport emission inventory Meteo Chemistry Total airport impact contribution Regional inventory Regional impact assessment Population Regional population impact Local LAQ standards [V&V] Measurements 9
Tasks for the regional impact assessment Actual 2012 Zurich Airport Operations 1. Airport Emission Inventory (LASPORT 2.0) Regional Emission Grid for 2010 2. NO 2 -Dispersion Modelling of Airport Induced Sources (LASPORT 2.0) NO X -Dispersion Modelling of Airport Induced Sources (LASPORT 2.0) 3. Total Regional NO X -Dispersion (Gauss Modell) 4. Air Quality Measurements in Airport Region 5. Comparison Measured - Modelled NO 2 Values 3. Total Regional NO 2 -Concentrations Airport Cantonal Authorities 10
Airport concentrations Modelling the airport sources (NOx and/or NO 2 ) Hot spots are apron / terminal area Extends up to max. 2 km from airport boundary (NO 2 in µg/m 3 ) Airport, 2012 All sources 11
Airport contribution to regional modelling (2) Measuring the total concentrations (NO 2 ) in the airport region (or within an area that is potentially influenced by airport activities) measured total con- centrations: above within below the standard 21 22 19 Airport 2012 24 If model was correct (perfect world), the airport contribution could be determined now. (µg NO 2 /m 3 ) 17 22 33 28 34 29 45 23 39 22 12
Zurich Airport Region Results Combination of cantonal emission inventory and dispersion study, including the airport information (Numbers: monitoring station numbers) 13
Measured/modelled correlations and airport share Model and measurements show airly good correlation Airport contribution fairly low when not in hot spot areas 14
Conclusions Combination of airport and regional modeling is complex and requires the involvment of several parties with a lot of information Measurements are still required for verification Airport contributions might be overestimated, as spatial extension with significant contribution is relatively small 15
Thank you! Emanuel Fleuti emanuel.fleuti@zurich-airport.com www.zurich-airport.com 16