Higashi-Matsushima -- Disaster Recovery and FutureCity
Overview of Higashi-Matsushima [Location and Climate] Higashi-Matsushima is located to the northeast of Sendai, the capital of Miyagi Prefecture. It faces Ishinomaki, to its east, and Matsushima, to its south. Its average annual temperature is relatively warm for a city in the Tohoku region, and its annual rainfall is below the Tohoku average. Misato Ishinomaki [City flower: Cherry blossom] [City tree: Pine] Matsushima Population: 40,090 (as of April 1, 2014) (Population before earthquake: 43,142) Higashi- Matsushima [Experiences and Exchange] Higashi-Matsushima is blessed with nature, with spectacular views of the sea, mountains, and rivers. It is particularly rich in marine leisure opportunities, such as coastal swimming, clam digging, pleasure boat trips, and fishing. It is visited by roughly 1.2 million people each year. The Japan Air Self-Defense Force Matsushima Base holds an air show every summer, and airplane fans gather from around the country to see Blue Impulse fly. Air show (Blue Impulse) Sagakei pleasure boat 2
65% of the city's urban area was inundated by the tsunami (more than any other affected municipality in Japan) Higashi-Matsushima damage conditions (as of end of December 2014) Human damages (city residents) Deaths: 1,109 Missing persons: 25 Total: 1,134 (approx. 3% of the city's residents) Home damage Completely destroyed: 5,513 homes Major destruction: 3,060 homes Partially destroyed: 2,500 homes Total: 11,073 homes (Approx. 73% of all households) Evacuees (peak): 15,185 Shelters (peak): 106 Flooded agricultural area: 1,465 ha / Total agricultural area: 3,349 ha 3
[ FutureCity Initiative Vanguard Project (1)] Higashi-Matsushima-style recycling of disaster rubble - Hiring 800 disaster area residents, primarily senior citizens - Amount of disaster rubble: 1,098,000 t (110 times the annual waste production of Higashi-Matsushima) Approx. 97% of all rubble was recycled Disaster rubble volume Wood / wood scrap: 371,000 tons Mixed garbage: 79,000 tons Concrete: 404,000 tons Asphalt: 34,000 tons Metal: 25,000 tons Unburnable mixed garbage: 185,000 tons Total: 1,098,000 tons (Recycled amt: 1,070,000 tons) (Incinerated amt: 28,000 tons) Unit cost of disaster waste processing contracted by Miyagi Prefecture (1) Rubble from destroyed houses and buildings is divided on-site into 14 categories. (2) Primary processing is performed using mobile construction machinery, etc. (3) Painstaking manual sorting is used to ultimately process the rubble, sorting it into 19 categories. Kesennuma Minamisanriku Ishinomaki Onagawa Project costs (millions of yen) Processed amount (1,000 tons) Rubble Dirt Total Processing unit cost (10,000 yen per ton) HigashiMatsushima Mixed, it's garbage, but separated, it's a resource Industry, academia, government, and residents (a local construction contractors association, universities such as Tohoku University, the city of Higashi-Matsushima, and residents) worked together, preparing in advance to ensure that every region could achieve the project's goals. Shiogama Shichigahama Tagajo Natori Iwanuma Watari Yamamoto Total [Note] Processed amounts are rounded to whole numbers, so totals may not match. Source: Kahoku Shimpo (July 6, 2014) 4
Residents of Higashi-Matsushima deployed their civic power in disaster In the devastation after the Great East Japan Earthquake of 2011, the strong bond between local residents became the saving grace for Higashi Matsushima Soup runs Confirmation of missing persons Selfassistance Mutual assistance Recovery plan discussions Discussions in shelters Public assistance Efforts for developing a decentralized, autonomous community 5 that had been practiced since before the earthquake
Following the disaster, autonomous organizations from land and coastal areas collaborated together Shelter management by autonomous organizations (voluntary disaster management organizations) Collaborative community development made great contributions after the earthquake Eight autonomous communities in the City Map of Higashi-Matsushima Oshio Civic Center Akai Civic Center Ono Civic Center Yamoto Higashi Civic Center Yamoto Nishi Civic Center Omagari Civic Center Nobiru Civic Center Miyato Civic Center Mutual assistance agreement between city autonomous organizations Higashi-Matsushima Community Development Basic Ordinance (Preamble) In order for residents to leverage the region's strengths and create an attractive and appealing Higashi-Matsushima, this ordinance is defined based on the principle of community development through mutual collaboration. 6
Blocks of apartments Single-family houses I. Collective relocation and rebuilding life 1. Preparation of sites for collective relocation with disaster-preventive functions (1) Collective relocation is underway in seven residential complexes (1,288 households) Completion rate: 23.8% (2) Five complexes have been completed, to be delivered on June 10, 2014. The remaining two complexes will be completed in 2015 and 16. Completed residential estates Yamoto Nishi: 127 plots Ushiami: 74 plots Murohama: 22 plots Tsukihama: 22 plots Ohama: 15 plots 2. Construction of public housing (1) A total of 1,010 residential units for disaster victims are under construction. (2) Already 301 have been completed and delivered. Completion rate: 29.8% (3) A close consultation with local residents bodies such as the relocation board helped to achieve the 99.9% assigning rate (one residential unit remains unassigned).
II. Urban planning to secure perpetual safety (collective relocation map) Households in tsunami-struck areas have been relocated to one of seven collective relocation sites inside the City (on high ground away from the coast) Three keywords (1) Safe sites for collective relocation (2) Region near JR station that provides for perpetual safety in 100 years time (3) Site that can accommodate the entire community and respect the bonds between local people Yamoto Nishi Higashi Yamato Station Kita Ushiami Nobiru northern hillside area Sites near stations were selected for collective relocation Miyato (Ohama, Tsukihama, Murohama) Recommended relocation areas - Planned land buyout areas Overall area of approx. 230 hectares
III. FutureCity Initiative Power generation (kw) 1. Promotion of green initiatives (1) Preparation of Higashi-Matsushima s vision for regional energy policies (2012) Having learned the lesson from the earthquake disaster, we aim for realizing local power generation and safe, stable energy supply by introducing renewable energy (e.g. solar power) FY2014 FY2013 FY2012 Before the earthquake Before the earthquake FY2012 FY2013 FY2014 (2) Measures to promote renewable energy Reinstate the energy-related subsidies Execute support schemes for installing solar power, storage cells, HEMS, cogeneration and so on (approx. 350 cases per year to be realized) Smart, disaster-resilient eco town project under the initiative of the Ministry of the Environment Since the FutureCity registration and commencement of FIT, the city has been generating nine times more power than it did before the earthquake. (3) Higashi-Matsushima Smart, Disaster-resilient Eco Town Project through special sanction on supply (MOE model project 2014) Installation of independent power-generation facilities at public housing estates and healthcare facilities in the area. The model project makes it possible to locally generate more than 50% of the power required in the event of natural disasters. This is the first foray in Japan to operate a system involving a privately owned grid. Fifteen 1-bedroom apartments with LDK (lounge, dining room and kitchen) (blocks) Thirty-four 2-bedroom houses with LDK Sixteen 3-bedroom houses with LDK Twenty 4-bedroom houses with kitchen Total: 85 units
IV. Higashi-Matsushima Organization for Progress and Economy, Education, Energy (HOPE) Inaugurated in October 2012, jointly by the Municipality, Social Welfare Council and Chamber of Commerce An intermediate reconstruction support body jointly operated in collaboration of industry, academia, government and residents. Higashi-Matsushima in the Future Innovation Citizens of Higashi- Matsushima Local communities (citizens) Chamber of Commerce Local industries and commercial operators Information sharing base Civil life committee Industry committee Community and health committee Energy committee Purpose Promoting sustainable FutureCity initiative Formulating the leading projects based on the Higashi-Matsushima Recovery Community Development Plan into businesses Public administration National, prefectural and municipal governments Higashi Matsushima City Reconstruction Policy Section, Reconstruction Policy Department HOPE Administrators Affiliate corporations of HOPE Corporate members of HOPE HOPE has a total of 65 affiliate members including commercial firms, research institutes and NPOs in and outside the city.