THE LOCAL IMPACT OF THE UK BEER AND PUB SECTOR

THE LOCAL IMPACT OF THE UK BEER AND PUB SECTOR A REPORT FOR THE BRITISH BEER AND PUB ASSOCIATION (BBPA) NOVEMBER 2016

Oxford Economics Oxford Economics was founded in 1981 as a commercial venture with Oxford University s business college to provide economic forecasting and modelling to UK companies and financial institutions expanding abroad. Since then, we have become one of the world s foremost independent global advisory firms, providing reports, forecasts and analytical tools on 200 countries, 100 industrial sectors and over 3,000 cities. Our best-of-class global economic and industry models and analytical tools give us an unparalleled ability to forecast external market trends and assess their economic, social and business impact. Headquartered in Oxford, England, with regional centres in London, New York, and Singapore, Oxford Economics has offices across the globe in Belfast, Chicago, Dubai, Miami, Milan, Paris, Philadelphia, San Francisco, and Washington DC. We employ over 230 full-time people, including more than 150 professional economists, industry experts and business editors one of the largest teams of macroeconomists and thought leadership specialists. Our global team is highly skilled in a full range of research techniques and thought leadership capabilities, from econometric modelling, scenario framing, and economic impact analysis to market surveys, case studies, expert panels, and web analytics. Underpinning our in-house expertise is a contributor network of over 500 economists, analysts and journalists around the world. Oxford Economics is a key adviser to corporate, financial and government decision-makers and thought leaders. Our worldwide client base now comprises over 1000 international organisations, including leading multinational companies and financial institutions; key government bodies and trade associations; and top universities, consultancies, and think tanks. All data shown in tables and charts are Oxford Economics own data, except where otherwise stated and cited in footnotes, and are copyright Oxford Economics Ltd. This report is confidential to British Beer and Pub Association and may not be published or distributed without their prior written permission. The modelling and results presented here are based on information provided by third parties, upon which Oxford Economics has relied in producing its report and forecasts in good faith. Any subsequent revision or update of those data will affect the assessments and projections shown. To discuss the report further please contact: Neil McCullough: nmccullough@oxfordeconomics.com Oxford Economics Lagan House, Sackville Street, Lisburn, BT27 4AB, UK Tel: +44 28 9263 5400

TABLE OF CONTENTS Executive summary... 1 1. Introduction... 7 1.1 About this study... 7 1.2 Report structure... 7 2. Impact of breweries... 8 2.1 UK estimates... 8 2.2 Regional estimates... 8 3. Impact of pubs... 15 3.1 UK estimates... 15 3.2 Regional estimates... 15 4. Impact of beer sales in the rest of the on-trade sector... 24 4.1 UK estimates... 24 4.2 Regional estimates... 24 5. Impact of beer sales in the off-trade sector... 30 5.1 UK estimates... 30 5.2 Regional estimates... 31 6. Impact of the overall beer and pub sector... 37 6.1 Introduction... 37 6.2 UK estimates... 38 6.3 Regional estimates... 38 7. Conclusions... 46 7.1 Beer and pub activity provides significant benefits... 46 7.2 Brewing activity porvides the greatest supply chain benefits... 46 7.3 The pub element in the main contributor... 46 7.4 Notable beer sales activity in the rest of the on-trade... 47 7.5 As well as in the off-trade... 47 7.6 The, London, the South East and the North are the big winners... 47 7.7 Comparisons with our previous 2013 BBPA report... 47 7.8 The beer and pub sector is of great importance... 48

Annex A: Approach... 49 Updating our previous analysis... 49 Available data... 49 Geographical issues... 50 Model framework... 50 Devising total estimates of overall beer and pub sector... 53 Limitations... 54 Additional analysis... 54 Direct employment by age group... 54 Direct employment by employment status... 55 Net capital investment expenditure (CAPEX)... 55 Taxation... 56 Annex B (Part 1): Local impact of the beer and pub sector at parliamentary constituency level... 59 Annex B (Part 2): Local impact of the beer and pub sector at parliamentary constituency level... 81

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Oxford Economics were commissioned in September 2016 by the British Beer and Pub Association (BBPA) to update our estimates of the economic impact of the beer and pub sector in the UK. This executive summary sets out the key findings at a UK and regional level. Estimates at parliamentary constituency (PC) level are provided in the annexes, as well as in an accompanying spreadsheet model. 898,000 jobs Jobs sustained through the activity of the beer and pub sector in the UK. THE BEER AND PUB SECTOR CONTINUES TO PROVIDE SIGNIFICANT BENEFITS TO THE UK ECONOMY It is clear that activity in the brewing of beer and subsequent sale through the on- and off-trade channels, along with the activity of pubs, provides significant economic benefits to the economy. Fig 1 shows our estimates of the direct, indirect and induced impacts of the beer and pub sector across the UK as a whole. Fig. 1. The estimated benefits of the beer and pub sector, UK Overall beer and pub sector UK GVA ( m) Employment Wages ( m) Direct 12,820 641,650 5,960 Indirect 6,840 153,250 3,410 Induced 3,410 103,460 1,520 Total 23,060 898,350 10,890 Source: Annual Business Survey (ONS), NI Census of Employment (NI Department of the Economy), BBPA and Oxford Economics Note: May not add to totals due to rounding 23.1bn GVA sustained Total economic benefits were estimated to be largest in London, the South East, the and the North. Overall beer and pub activity has been estimated to sustain 898,350 jobs, 10.9bn of wages and 23.1bn of GVA across the UK from direct, indirect and induced effects. AND THE REGIONS SHARE THESE BENEFITS In terms of GVA, employment and wages, the beer and pub sector makes a significant economic contribution in every region of the UK. As in our last report, these overall economic benefits remain largest in London, the South East, the and the North (Fig. 2). In most cases the regional estimates are broadly comparable with population shares, though differentials in regional productivity and wages do cause some differences across the UK. 1

Fig. 2. The estimated benefits of the beer and pub sector, UK regions Overall beer and pub sector Regional summary GVA ( m) Employment Wages ( m) South East 3,120 134,440 1,500 London 3,460 92,480 1,640 East 1,990 91,340 950 South 2,000 91,020 990 3,020 89,240 1,210 East 1,470 57,160 740 1,740 83,750 870 North 2,520 106,830 1,160 North East 800 32,000 430 Wales 840 45,060 430 Scotland 1,730 58,320 800 Northern Ireland 380 16,710 180 UK 23,060 898,350 10,890 Source: Annual Business Survey (ONS), NI Census of Employment (NI Department of the Economy), BBPA and Oxford Economics Note: May not add to totals due to rounding EACH ELEMENT HAS A SIGNIFICANT ROLE 10.9bn Wages sustained Wages sustained in the overall sector were greatest in London and the South East. The underlying analysis focused on estimating the direct, indirect and induced impacts at a local level from four elements of beer and pub activity: the brewing of beer; the activity of pubs; the proportion of activity in the rest of the on-trade (excluding pubs) that is attributable to the sale of beer (e.g. hotels, restaurants and sports clubs); and the share of the off-trade that is dependent on beer sales. Our analysis produces the following headline findings across the UK (which again include the combined direct, indirect and induced impacts) 1 : Activity in the brewery element has been estimated to sustain 105,570 jobs, 2.31bn of wages and 5.86bn of GVA; Activity in the pub element has been estimated to sustain 797,230 jobs, 8.98bn of wages and 18.13bn of GVA; The beer related on-trade has been estimated to sustain 48,820 jobs, 720m of wages and 1.38bn of GVA; and 1 Summing the benefits of all four elements (breweries, pub, on-trade and off-trade) will overestimate the indirect, induced and as a result, overall impacts. This is because the supply chains of the pub, on- and off-trade elements contain a proportion of the brewery element and its supply chain. To get the direct totals (for employment, GVA and wages), we add all the 4 elements. However for the indirect and induced totals, we add the pub, on- and offtrade, and 12.7% of the breweries (to account for exports forming 12.7% of total production). The remainder of the brewery s indirect and induced impacts will already be accounted for in the indirect and induced impacts from the other 3 elements. 2

Beer sales in the off-trade have been estimated to sustain 22,690 jobs, 430m of wages and 900m of GVA. Since 2013, total employment, GVA and wages sustained by the beer and pub activity have all grown. Indeed, since the last report we estimate an additional 29,000 jobs were supported by the overall sector. All elements of beer and pub showed improvement over the year with the exception of the off-trade subsector which experienced a slight fall in employment. The Wales region continues to show the strongest concentration of pubs per head of population of any region in the UK. The had a significantly higher share of direct GVA from the pub element than would be expected based on its population level (Fig. 20). This is likely as a result of the presence of four of the larger UK pub operators in the region. THE SECTOR EMPLOYS A LARGE PROPORTION OF YOUNG PEOPLE We estimate that of the 641,650 direct jobs across the UK, 268,850 (42 percent) are taken by those under 25 years of age (Fig. 3). This is largely due to the pub element of the sector (easily the largest of the four elements accounting for 90 percent of direct employment), where there is a high proportion of young people working. The large share of young people in employment is significant because on average, 36 percent of the total job seeker claimant on-flows (those starting to claim unemployment benefits) since November 2008 have been from the 24 and under age group. There are more people estimated to be in this age group than in the last four (35+ year of age) combined. Fig. 3. Total direct employment in the beer and pub sector by age group, UK Direct employment 300,000 250,000 200,000 150,000 100,000 50,000 0 Under 25 25-34 35-44 45-54 55-64 65+ Source: Annual Business Survey (ONS), NI Census of Employment (NI Department of the Economy), BBPA and Oxford Economics 3

AND A HIGH INCIDENCE OF PART-TIME WORKING An analysis of the direct employment in the beer and pub sector by employment status (i.e. whether the job is full or part-time) indicates the high incidence of parttime workers. Our estimates in Fig. 4 show that 278,750 or 43.4 percent of the 641,650 direct jobs in the sector were full-time compared to 362,900 (or 56.6 percent) part-time roles. Again, this is largely as a result of the pub element, which offers employees the flexibility to work on a part-time basis. Of the 12 UK regions, the North East was estimated to have the highest proportion of part-time workers at 64 percent. Only London and Northern Ireland were estimated to have more full-time than part-time workers. Fig. 4. Total direct employment in the beer and pub sector by employment status, UK regions Overall beer and pub sector Direct employment by status Full-time Part-time Total South East 46,600 54,940 101,540 London 33,540 31,220 64,760 East 32,620 34,260 66,870 South 24,900 41,020 65,920 24,160 32,590 56,760 East 16,670 21,980 38,640 22,500 37,820 60,330 North 30,340 49,670 80,010 North East 7,550 13,410 20,960 Wales 14,910 18,920 33,830 Scotland 18,600 21,790 40,380 Northern Ireland 6,350 5,300 11,650 UK 278,750 362,900 641,650 Source: Annual Business Survey (ONS), Labour Force Survey (ONS), NI Census of Employment (NI Department of the Economy), BBPA and Oxford Economics Note: May not add to totals due to rounding BEER AND PUB ACTIVITY RESULTS IN SIGNIFCANT LEVELS OF CAPEX The beer and pub sector as a whole is directly estimated to have spent 1.96bn on net capital investment a significant increase ( 800m) when compared to the 2013 estimate. Of the UK regions, London and the South East are estimated to have provided the greatest amount of CAPEX. This is as a result of some of the highest numbers of pubs being found in the South East, and thus high amounts of direct GVA, and above average CAPEX/GVA ratios in both regions (15.7 percent and 16.9 percent respectively). 4

Fig. 5. Net capital expenditure (CAPEX) in the beer and pub sector, UK regions Overall beer and pub sector Net capital expenditure ( m) South East 279 London 302 East 140 South 273 138 East 104 168 North 217 North East 99 Wales 77 Scotland 148 Northern Ireland 20 UK 1,960 Source: Annual Business Survey (ONS), NI Census of Employment (NI Department of the Economy), BBPA and Oxford Economics Note: May not add to totals due to rounding THE SECTOR CONTRIBUTES SIGNIFICANTLY TO THE PUBLIC PURSE Activity in the beer and pub sector gene a significant amount of for the government. All four elements generate corporation and income /national insurance contributions (NIC). However, while the brewery element alone gene excise duty, it is only the other three elements (pub, on- and off-trade) that generate value-added (VAT). In addition, pubs generate excise duty on other drinks (an indirect ). The sector is estimated to have generated 12.62bn in total es (from the direct, indirect and induced forms) (Fig. 6). This is made up of: 1bn in corporation ; 1.54bn in income /NIC; 3.24bn in excise duty 5.2bn in VAT; 930m in excise duty on other drink (from the pub element); and 700m in business. The North and London are estimated to have generated the greatest proportions to the UK economy. 5

Fig. 6. Total generated by the beer and pub sector, UK regions Overall beer and pub sector Corporation /NIC Excise duty Total estimates ( m) Value added (VAT) Excise duty on other drinks Business South East 140 195 194 656 118 88 1,391 London 143 367 210 685 73 55 1,534 East 85 123 138 415 78 58 896 South 92 107 83 489 94 70 936 103 174 503 437 83 62 1,361 East 67 100 425 372 75 56 1,096 78 101 538 428 87 65 1,297 North 111 129 583 597 110 82 1,612 North East 36 63 4 213 40 30 385 Wales 42 44 392 273 61 46 858 Scotland 84 116 142 493 90 67 992 Northern Ireland 21 20 32 140 25 18 256 UK 1,000 1,540 3,240 5,200 930 700 12,620 Source: Annual Business Survey (ONS), NI Census of Employment (NI Department of the Economy), BBPA and Oxford Economics Note: May not add to totals due to rounding. Summing the benefits of all four elements (breweries, pub, on-trade and off-trade) will overestimate the indirect, induced and as a result, overall impacts Total The UK beer and pub sector continues to be an important source of employment and output. Its activity can provide significant amounts of contributions, CAPEX, flexible working conditions and opportunities for young people to enter the labour market 6

1. INTRODUCTION 1.1 ABOUT THIS STUDY Oxford Economics were commissioned in September 2016 by the British Beer and Pub Association (BBPA) to update our estimates of the economic impact of the beer and pub sector in the UK. This study considers the impact of UK breweries, pubs, and the proportion of hotels, restaurants and retail dependent on the sale of beer. Our estimates of the impacts of the beer and pub sector have been developed at regional, local authority (LA) and parliamentary constituency (PC) levels across the UK. Estimates for Members of Scottish Parliament (MSP) and Welsh Parliamentary constituencies are outlined in separate reports. This study estimates the impact of the beer and pub sector using the latest available published data at the time of writing supplemented with 2015/2016 brewery and pub activity data provided by the industry (see Annex A for full details). It is not practical to present the estimates at a local level within this report. Instead, it sets out some of the key findings at a national and regional level. Estimates at a parliamentary constituency level are provided in Annex B. 1.2 REPORT STRUCTURE This report takes the following structure: Section 2: Impact of breweries: Presentation of the UK and regional estimates of the impacts of the brewery element; Section 3: Impact of pubs: Presentation of the UK and regional estimates of the impacts of the pub element; Section 4: Impact of beer sales in the rest of the on-trade: Presentation of the UK and regional estimates of the on-trade element; Section 5: Impact of beer sales in the off-trade: Presentation of the UK and regional estimates of the impacts of the off-trade element; Section 6: Impacts of the overall beer and pub sector: Presentation of the UK and regional estimates of the overall impacts of the production and selling of beer combined with the activities of pubs; Conclusion: Concluding comments on the findings; Annex A: Approach: Setting out the methodology used to produce our estimates of the local impacts; Annex B (Part 1): Local impact of the beer and pub sector at parliamentary constituency level: Provides the GVA, employment and wage estimates for every parliamentary constituency area; and Annex B (Part 2): Local impact of the beer and pub sector at parliamentary constituency level: Provides the direct employment by age group and employment status, CAPEX and total / direct estimates for every parliamentary constituency area. 7

2. IMPACT OF BREWERIES 2.1 UK ESTIMATES Breweries in the UK account for 18,550 direct jobs with wages of 530m and GVA 2 of 2.18bn (Fig. 7) 3. The direct impacts are sourced from BBPA and the latest available Annual Business Survey (ABS). Fig. 7. The estimated benefits from the brewery element, UK Breweries UK GVA ( m) Employment Wages ( m) Direct 2,180 18,550 530 Indirect 2,940 64,040 1,450 Induced 740 22,980 330 Total 5,860 105,570 2,310 Source: Annual Business Survey (ONS), NI Census of Employment (NI Department of the Economy), BBPA and Oxford Economics Note: May not add to totals due to rounding The next step was to estimate the likely indirect benefits that arise from supply chain spending. Using 2010 UK input-output tables, we estimate that indirect GVA totals 2.94bn. Using sectoral output and productivity data, we calculate this level of activity equates to approximately 64,040 indirect jobs and 1.45bn of wages sustained through breweries supply chain spending. Furthermore, we estimate that an additional 23,000 jobs are induced through the spending patterns of those directly and indirectly employed by the breweries in the UK, with associated wages and GVA of 330m and 740m respectively (Fig. 7). As a result, we estimate that 105,570 jobs, 2.31bn of wages and 5.86bn of GVA are sustained in the UK economy from the direct, indirect and induced effects of beer breweries. 2.2 REGIONAL ESTIMATES Fig. 8 outlines the number of breweries in each UK region. The South (196) and the North (184) regions comprise the greatest number of brewers, whilst Northern Ireland has the lowest, with 20. 4 2 Gross Value Added (GVA) is the difference between the value of goods and services produced by a business or a sector, and the cost of raw materials and other inputs which are used up in production. It is essentially a measure of the value added to the services or products provided by a sector or firm. 3 A comprehensive explanation of the methodology used and level of data is provided in Annex A. 4 Brewery numbers are less than the total number registered with HMRC due to the exclusion of brewpubs, nonactive breweries, and those where the brewery details are not in the public domain. 8

Fig. 8. Number of breweries / brewery company premises, UK regions Number of breweries and brewing company premises South East 182 London 80 East 139 South 196 128 East 158 144 North 184 North East 63 Wales 82 Scotland 104 Northern Ireland 20 UK 1,480 Source: BBPA At a regional level, the has experienced a significant proportion of the GVA benefits, given the scale of direct activity in the region, a trend which was present in our last report. Direct GVA ( 400m) and total GVA ( 970m) are estimated to be notably higher than any other region in the UK (Fig. 9). The North had the second highest level of estimated direct GVA arising from the brewing of beer ( 290m), and the second highest level of total GVA ( 720m). Fig. 9. The estimated GVA benefits of the brewery element, UK regions Breweries GVA ( m) Direct Indirect Induced Total South East 210 320 90 620 London 140 260 50 460 East 250 320 90 660 South 180 250 70 500 400 460 120 970 East 130 190 50 370 190 280 60 530 North 290 350 80 720 North East 30 60 10 110 Wales 110 140 30 280 Scotland 210 270 60 540 Northern Ireland 40 50 10 100 UK 2,180 2,940 740 5,860 Source: Annual Business Survey (ONS), NI Census of Employment (NI Department of the Economy), BBPA and Oxford Economics Note: May not add to totals due to rounding 9

The ratio of indirect benefits to direct benefits differs across the regions. This arises from the purchasing patterns of the sector and the location of the supply chain (i.e. the sectoral composition of employment across local economies influences the scale of indirect and induced impacts). In theory, an area with no brewery could experience considerable indirect benefits, if for example, it was to produce much of the inputs demanded by the sector. In employment terms, the and the North have the largest estimates of direct jobs in brewery activities (Fig. 10), a result also highlighted in our previous report. Analysis of employment also reveals that despite the limited direct employment in the North East, supply chain spending from across the UK provides significant estimated indirect and induced jobs. The North East, East and Yorkshire and have experienced amongst the highest indirect and induced employment, relative to their level of direct employment in breweries. In total, we estimate five regions to employ over 10,000 people, collectively accounting for 62 percent of the total employment in the brewery element: namely the, the North, the East, Scotland and the South East. Fig. 10. The estimated employment benefits of the brewery element, UK regions Breweries Employment Direct Indirect Induced Total South East 1,750 6,250 2,390 10,390 London 1,220 3,870 1,260 6,350 East 2,100 7,190 2,650 11,940 South 1,560 5,550 2,440 9,550 3,380 10,830 3,820 18,040 East 1,120 4,450 1,630 7,200 1,640 6,880 2,220 10,740 North 2,460 7,300 2,600 12,350 North East 260 1,660 510 2,430 Wales 910 3,510 1,210 5,630 Scotland 1,820 5,240 1,880 8,950 Northern Ireland 320 1,300 370 1,990 UK 18,550 64,040 22,980 105,570 Source: Annual Business Survey (ONS), NI Census of Employment (NI Department of the Economy), BBPA and Oxford Economics Note: May not add to totals due to rounding As noted in the Annex A, there is limited regional wage data for the manufacture of beer sub-sector and as such we have to use national levels ( 28,547 per annum in 2014). The estimates in Fig. 11 are therefore driven by our estimates of employment in Fig. 10. In relation to direct wages, as with direct employment, the and the North are estimated to have the highest levels, which is in line with the findings in the 2013 report. The, the North and the East account for the largest wages benefits. In reality, wages in the sector are likely to differ across regions reflecting the cost of living and the cost of doing business. As such, estimates for London 10

and the South East are likely to be underestimated, while figures for Northern Ireland and the North East are likely to be overestimated. Fig. 11. The estimated wage benefits of the brewery element, UK regions Breweries Wages ( m) Direct Indirect Induced Total South East 50 153 39 242 London 35 119 23 177 East 60 160 40 260 South 44 120 33 198 96 235 55 387 East 32 97 24 153 47 147 30 224 North 70 161 35 266 North East 7 35 6 48 Wales 26 73 15 114 Scotland 52 122 26 200 Northern Ireland 9 25 5 39 UK 530 1,450 330 2,310 Source: Annual Business Survey (ONS), NI Census of Employment (NI Department of the Economy), BBPA and Oxford Economics Note: May not add to totals due to rounding Of the 18,550 direct jobs in the brewing of beer sector, estimates suggest that 3,280 (17.7 percent) were taken by those under 25 years of age, 7,820 (42.2 percent) by the 25-44 age group and 7,450 (40.2 percent) by those aged 45 or higher (Fig. 12). Of all regions, we estimate Wales and the South East have the greatest proportion of direct employment taken by youth (defined as those under 25 years of age), with figures of 33.0 percent and 28.6 percent respectively. In comparison, we estimate the North East had only 20 direct jobs (6.1 percent of the regional total) aged 25 years or less. 11

Fig. 12. Total direct employment in the brewery element by age group, UK regions Breweries Direct employment by age Under 25 25-44 45+ Total South East 500 590 670 1,750 London 310 570 340 1,220 East 430 750 910 2,100 South 140 760 660 1,560 490 1,610 1,280 3,380 East 120 530 470 1,120 210 630 800 1,640 North 360 1,060 1,040 2,460 North East 20 120 120 260 Wales 300 290 320 910 Scotland 310 770 750 1,820 Northern Ireland 90 140 90 320 UK 3,280 7,820 7,450 18,550 Source: Annual Business Survey (ONS), Labour Force Survey (ONS), NI Census of Employment (NI Department of the Economy), BBPA and Oxford Economics Note: May not add to totals due to rounding In the case of breweries, the majority of direct jobs are full-time in nature. We estimate 12,690 (68.4 percent) of the total direct jobs in the UK are full-time, with 5,860 (31.6 percent) in part-time roles (Fig. 13). Regions such as London (79.5 percent), Northern Ireland (77.3 percent), and (76.9 percent) comprise the highest proportion of workers in full-time roles, compared to the North (56.8 percent) and North East (43 percent) regions where there is the lowest proportion of workers in full-time roles. Fig. 13. Total direct employment in the brewery element by employment status, UK regions Breweries Direct employment by status Full-time Part-time Total South East 1,230 530 1,750 London 970 250 1,220 East 1,390 710 2,100 South 1,080 480 1,560 2,260 1,120 3,380 East 740 390 1,120 1,260 380 1,640 North 1,400 1,060 2,460 North East 110 150 260 Wales 650 260 910 Scotland 1,360 460 1,820 Northern Ireland 250 70 320 UK 12,690 5,860 18,550 Source: Annual Business Survey (ONS), Labour Force Survey (ONS), NI Census of Employment (NI Department of the Economy), BBPA and Oxford Economics Note: May not add to totals due to rounding 12

We devised local estimates of the net capital expenditure (CAPEX) by using the ratio of direct net capital expenditure to direct GVA at a regional level from the ABS across the four sub-sectors of beer and pub activity. Breweries are estimated to have spent 325m in net capital investment, with the South and South East together contributing 45 percent (Fig. 14). These regions have contributed more than the others as a result of having relatively high levels of direct GVA as well as some of the highest CAPEX/GVA ratios (54 percent and 23 percent respectively). Fig. 14. Net capital expenditure (CAPEX) in the brewery element, UK regions Breweries Net capital expenditure ( m) South East 47 London 12 East 21 South 99 33 East 11 16 North 24 North East 3 Wales 9 Scotland 40 Northern Ireland 10 UK 325 Source: Annual Business Survey (ONS), NI Census of Employment (NI Department of the Economy), BBPA and Oxford Economics The final stage of our analysis included estimating es generated by the sector. Estimates for direct es and total es (direct, indirect and induced) 5 are both provided in Fig. 15 and Fig. 16. The brewery element is estimated to have generated 3.58bn of direct, including 170m in corporation, 170m in income /NIC and 3.24bn in excise duty (Fig. 15) 6. This rises to 4.27bn in es when the indirect and induced impacts are considered. The North region is estimated to have generated both the highest amount of direct and total es ( 628m and 705m respectively). 5 The terms direct and indirect are used in the same sense as direct employment and indirect employment rather than in the normal sense of distinguishing between a on a person or property rather than a on a transaction. 6 Excise duty total excludes that originating from residual imports. 13

Fig. 15. Direct generated by the brewery element, UK regions Breweries Direct estimates ( m) Corporation /NIC Excise duty Total South East 16 16 194 226 London 11 11 210 232 East 19 19 138 176 South 14 14 83 111 31 30 503 564 East 10 10 425 446 15 15 538 568 North 23 22 583 628 North East 2 2 4 8 Wales 8 8 392 409 Scotland 17 16 142 175 Northern Ireland 3 3 32 38 UK 170 170 3,240 3,580 Source: Annual Business Survey (ONS), NI Census of Employment (NI Department of the Economy), BBPA and Oxford Economics Note: May not add to totals due to rounding Fig. 16. Total generated by the brewery element, UK regions Breweries Total estimates ( m) Corporation /NIC Excise duty Total South East 42 69 194 304 London 32 55 210 297 East 45 71 138 253 South 34 52 83 169 64 104 503 671 East 25 41 425 491 35 59 538 632 North 51 72 583 705 North East 7 12 4 23 Wales 18 29 392 440 Scotland 38 55 142 235 Northern Ireland 7 10 32 49 UK 400 630 3,240 4,270 Source: Annual Business Survey (ONS), NI Census of Employment (NI Department of the Economy), BBPA and Oxford Economics Note: May not add to totals due to rounding 14

3. IMPACT OF PUBS 3.1 UK ESTIMATES According to the latest published ONS data, direct employment in pubs was 577,590, commanding direct wages of 4.8bn and direct GVA of 9.4bn (Fig. 17). Using the ABS data, average wages in the sector were 8,320, reflecting the incidence of part-time working in the sector. Fig. 17. The estimated benefits of the pub element, UK Pub UK GVA ( m) Employment Wages ( m) Direct 9,440 577,590 4,800 Indirect 5,740 129,950 2,870 Induced 2,950 89,680 1,320 Total 18,130 797,230 8,990 Source: Annual Business Survey (ONS), NI Census of Employment (NI Department of the Economy), BBPA and Oxford Economics Note: May not add to totals due to rounding Using UK input-output tables we estimate that indirect GVA was 5.74bn within the supply chain of the pub sector. 7 Using sectoral productivity and wage data we calculate that this would translate into 129,950 jobs and 2.87bn of wages (Fig. 17). The spending of the direct and indirect wages will induce further jobs in the economy, particularly in the retail, hospitality and other personal services sectors. We estimate an induced impact of 89,680 jobs and 1.32bn of wages. Given productivity levels across the UK regions, this equates to a further 2.95bn of induced GVA. Overall, activity in pubs is estimated to have sustained 797,230 jobs, 8.99bn of wages and 18.13bn of GVA across the UK. 3.2 REGIONAL ESTIMATES Fig. 18 indicates the regional location of the pubs throughout the UK. The South East (6,255) and the North (5,814) contain the highest number of pubs. Northern Ireland contains the lowest, with 1,309 pubs distributed throughout the region. It should be noted however, that while the contains 4,401 pubs, four of the larger pub operators in the UK are located in the region, which will impact on the results later in this section. 7 It is worth noting that the supply chain (and therefore the indirect impacts) of the pub, on- and off-trade elements contain a proportion of the brewery element and its supply chain. As such the indirect (and as a result induced) impacts for all four elements (for GVA, employment, wages) cannot simply be summed, as this will mean double counting resulting in the overall impacts being overestimated. Please refer to Section 6.1 or Annex A to find out how the total impacts of the beer and pub sector were devised. 15

Fig. 18. Number of pubs, UK regions Number of pubs South East 6,255 London 3,895 East 4,118 South 5,012 4,401 East 3,991 4,639 North 5,814 North East 2,108 Wales 3,248 Scotland 4,803 Northern Ireland 1,309 UK 49,593 Source: BBPA and Oxford Economics Note: Active in September 2016 As shown in Fig. 19, the number of pubs per 10,000 people was highest in Wales (10.5) and the South (9.2); and lowest in the East (6.8) and London (4.6) Fig. 19. Pubs per 10,000 population, UK regions London, the and the South East are estimated to have produced the highest levels of direct GVA from the pub sector (Fig. 21). However, at a regional level, GVA, employment and wage multipliers (which measure the scale of indirect and induced impacts to direct activity by dividing total impact by direct impact for each variable) associated with the pub element 16

are more similar across regions than for the brewery element. This is because brewery activity tends to be concentrated in certain locations their supply chains are likely to be more restricted to locations offerings access to brewery inputs (hops and barley). Generally, these findings reflect the share of the UK population. As Fig. 20 shows, only has a significantly higher share of direct GVA relative to its population size. An explanation for the findings below can be found in estimated regional productivity differences. The ( 26,900) has the highest level of direct productivity (defined as GVA per worker) in the pub sector, followed by London ( 26,400). As mentioned previously, four of the larger pub operators in the UK (Enterprise Inns head office, Mitchells and Butlers, Punch Taverns and Greene King) are based in the, which is likely to boost the direct GVA and productivity for the area. This trend was also highlighted in our previous reports. Fig. 20. Percentage point difference between share of direct GVA in the pub sector and the share of UK population, UK regions London South North South East North East East Scotland Wales Northern Ireland East -2% -1% 0% 1% 2% 3% 4% 5% 6% Percentage point difference Source: Annual Business Survey (ONS), NI Census of Employment, BBPA and Oxford Economics Through supply chain expenditure, we estimate that London, the South East and the have experienced significant indirect GVA benefits (partly as a result of the sectoral employment composition of their local economies). It therefore follows that these regions have experienced the highest levels of induced GVA, and, subsequently, total GVA ( 2.73bn, 2.55bn and 2.39bn respectively). These findings are broadly in line with those demonstrated in the 2013 report. 17

Fig. 21. The estimated GVA benefits of the pub element, UK region Pub GVA ( m) Direct Indirect Induced Total South East 1,290 780 480 2,550 London 1,470 850 410 2,730 East 730 510 270 1,510 South 820 490 290 1,600 1,350 720 320 2,390 East 600 380 210 1,180 680 470 220 1,370 North 1,030 580 300 1,920 North East 360 220 110 690 Wales 330 220 100 640 Scotland 660 420 190 1,280 Northern Ireland 130 100 50 280 UK 9,440 5,740 2,940 18,130 Source: Annual Business Survey (ONS), NI Census of Employment (NI Department of the Economy), BBPA and Oxford Economics Note: May not add to totals due to rounding This report update shows that the South East and the North have the highest estimates of direct employment in pubs (Fig. 22). In comparison to last year s findings, direct employment in the North improved significantly while employment in the East and North East fell. BRES employment data for 2014 suggests there have been significant changes in regional employment in the pubs sector compared to the 2013 figures. We have been informed by ONS that the large regional employment differences are in part due to increased sample variance in BRES caused by some large employers with multi public houses reporting their employment in different locations. The 2014 employment figures remain broadly in line with population shares, with the exception of the South East, which had a relatively high share of pub employment in comparison to population size, whereas London was more underrepresented. As noted previously, indirect and induced multipliers are similar across the UK regions; this is particularly the case for employment multipliers, which tend to be slightly more stable in nature than GVA multipliers (except in the case of breweries). The South East, North and South had the greatest estimated levels of total employment in the pub element, at 121,810, 95,200 and 82,040 respectively, closely followed by the East (Fig. 22). 18

Fig. 22. The estimated employment benefits of the pub element, UK regions Pub Employment Direct Indirect Induced Total South East 93,280 16,130 12,400 121,810 London 55,640 13,140 9,550 78,340 East 60,930 12,810 8,000 81,740 South 60,310 11,710 10,020 82,040 50,200 18,100 10,380 78,690 East 34,650 9,520 6,570 50,740 55,370 12,730 7,590 75,690 North 72,600 12,750 9,860 95,200 North East 19,100 5,930 3,820 28,850 Wales 31,060 5,820 3,840 40,720 Scotland 34,230 8,770 6,070 49,070 Northern Ireland 10,230 2,530 1,570 14,330 UK 577,590 129,950 89,680 797,230 Source: Annual Business Survey (ONS), NI Census of Employment (NI Department of the Economy), BBPA and Oxford Economics Note: May not add to totals due to rounding Given relative regional wages, London and the South East have the highest level of direct wages in the pub sector, a result also cited in the 2013 report. Considering indirect and induced benefits, both regions had significantly higher total levels of wages than all other regions (Fig. 23). Fig. 23. The estimated wage benefits of the pub element, UK regions Pub Wages ( m) Direct Indirect Induced Total South East 680 380 200 1,260 London 770 380 180 1,330 East 370 270 120 770 South 460 240 140 840 460 380 150 990 East 330 200 100 630 370 260 100 730 North 530 270 130 930 North East 210 120 50 380 Wales 200 110 50 360 Scotland 350 200 80 630 Northern Ireland 80 50 20 140 UK 4,800 2,870 1,320 8,990 Source: Annual Business Survey (ONS), NI Census of Employment (NI Department of the Economy), BBPA and Oxford Economics Note: May not add to totals due to rounding Of the 577,590 direct jobs in pubs throughout the UK, estimates suggest that almost half are taken by people under 25 years of age (252,890 or 43.8 percent). This is significant because on average, 36 percent of total jobseeker claimant 19

on-flows (those starting to claim unemployment benefits) since 2008 have been made up of those in the 24 and under age group. 8 By comparison, 186,840 (32.3 percent) of the direct jobs fall into the 25-44 group while 137,860 (23.9 percent) are taken by those aged 45 and over (Fig. 24). Of the UK regions, the South East and Yorkshire & and the had the highest levels of direct employment in the under 25 age category (50.9 percent and 48.1 percent respectively). Fig. 24. Total direct employment in the pub element by age group, UK regions Pub Direct employment by age Under 25 25-44 45+ Total South East 47,440 28,500 17,330 93,280 London 20,230 22,390 13,020 55,640 East 25,020 19,500 16,420 60,930 South 27,220 17,760 15,330 60,310 23,650 14,910 11,650 50,200 East 15,360 11,070 8,230 34,650 26,660 17,330 11,390 55,370 North 30,670 24,160 17,770 72,600 North East 7,890 5,210 5,990 19,100 Wales 12,470 10,770 7,820 31,060 Scotland 13,740 11,350 9,150 34,230 Northern Ireland 2,550 3,900 3,780 10,230 UK 252,890 186,840 137,860 577,590 Source: Annual Business Survey (ONS), Labour Force Survey (ONS), NI Census of Employment (NI Department of the Economy), BBPA and Oxford Economics Note: May not add to totals due to rounding Analysis of the direct employment in the pub element by employment status indicates a high incidence of part-time workers. Our estimates in Fig. 25 show that 241,590 or 41.8 percent of the 577,590 jobs in the UK were full-time, compared to 336,000 (or 58.2 percent) which were part-time roles. Of the 12 UK regions, the North East was estimated to have the highest proportion of part-time workers at 65.1 percent. All regions, apart from Northern Ireland, were estimated to have more part-time than full-time workers in the pub element. 8 Under 25 year olds share of UK total on-flow claimants between November 2008 and September 2016 sourced from ONS (NOMIS) 20

Fig. 25. Total direct employment in the pub element by employment status, UK regions Pub Direct employment by status Full-time Part-time Total South East 41,940 51,340 93,280 London 27,780 27,860 55,640 East 28,930 32,000 60,930 South 21,770 38,540 60,310 20,240 29,960 50,200 East 14,290 20,360 34,650 19,800 35,570 55,370 North 26,370 46,230 72,600 North East 6,670 12,430 19,100 Wales 13,360 17,700 31,060 Scotland 14,980 19,250 34,230 Northern Ireland 5,460 4,760 10,230 UK 241,590 336,000 577,590 Source: Annual Business Survey (ONS), Labour Force Survey (ONS), NI Census of Employment (NI Department of the Economy), BBPA and Oxford Economics Note: May not add to totals due to rounding Pubs are estimated to have spent 1.47bn in net capital expenditure, with London and the South East contributing the greatest share (Fig. 26). This is a significant increase from the previous year s finding and could reflect increasing confidence in the sub-sector. The Midland s net capital expenditure has improved marginally from last year but remains comparatively low given the region has the second highest pub direct GVA level. The rational for the Midland s relatively low net capital expenditure level was due to the region s CAPEX/GVA ratio of only 6.8 percent. (Fig. 26). Fig. 26. Net capital expenditure (CAPEX) in the pub element, UK regions Pub Net capital expenditure ( m) South East 206 London 251 East 110 South 163 92 East 84 138 North 171 North East 91 Wales 62 Scotland 97 Northern Ireland 8 UK 1,474 Source: Annual Business Survey (ONS), NI Census of Employment (NI Department of the Economy), BBPA and Oxford Economics 21

Pub The pub element is estimated to have generated 4.61bn of direct, made up of 280m in corporation, 200m in income /NIC, 3.44bn in VAT and 700m in business (Fig. 27). After factoring in indirect and induced es 9, pubs are estimated to have generated 7.45bn of total, including 820m in corporation, 1.22bn in income /NIC, 3.78bn in VAT, 930m in excise duty on other drinks and 700m in business (Fig. 27). The South East and the North are the regions that have generated the greatest amounts of direct es, as a result of their high levels of activity across the pub element. The total estimate suggests that for every pound of pub sales, almost 30p eventually goes towards the public accounts. Fig. 27. Direct generated by the pub element, UK regions Direct estimates ( m) Corporation /NIC Value added (VAT) Business Total South East 35 0 433 88 556 London 22 125 270 55 472 East 23 0 285 58 366 South 28 0 347 70 446 25 16 305 62 407 East 23 15 276 56 370 26 0 321 65 413 North 33 0 403 82 517 North East 12 18 146 30 205 Wales 18 0 225 46 289 Scotland 27 23 333 67 450 Northern Ireland 7 0 91 18 116 UK 280 200 3,440 700 4,610 Source: Annual Business Survey (ONS), NI Census of Employment (NI Department of the Economy), BBPA and Oxford Economics Note: May not add to totals due to rounding 9 Again, it is worth noting that the supply chain of the pub, on- and off-trade elements contain a proportion of the brewery element and its supply chain. As such the indirect (and thus induced) impacts for all four elements cannot be summed, as this will mean double counting resulting in the overall impacts being overestimated. Section 6.1 and Annex A both explain how the total impacts of the beer and pub sector were devised. 22

Fig. 28. Total generated by the pub element, UK regions Pub Corporation /NIC Total estimates ( m) Value added (VAT) Excise duty on other drinks Business South East 116 152 481 118 88 954 London 105 291 316 73 55 839 East 69 95 317 78 58 617 South 77 86 378 94 70 705 86 144 348 83 62 722 East 57 84 300 75 56 573 66 82 351 87 65 651 North 90 94 436 110 82 811 North East 31 55 160 40 30 315 Wales 37 35 238 61 46 416 Scotland 67 92 356 90 67 672 Northern Ireland 17 14 96 25 18 170 UK 820 1,220 3,780 930 700 7,450 Source: Annual Business Survey (ONS), NI Census of Employment (NI Department of the Economy), BBPA and Oxford Economics Note: May not add to totals due to rounding Total 23

4. IMPACT OF BEER SALES IN THE REST OF THE ON-TRADE SECTOR 4.1 UK ESTIMATES The estimates in this section use beer production and sales volumes from the BBPA Statistical Handbook 2015 and employment data from the ONS. Data from the Statistical Handbook reveals that 4.2 percent of total on-trade beer sales are made in hotels while 2.3 percent are made in restaurants. Given the price and volume of beer in 2014, these beer sales were worth an estimated 865m, or 1.5 percent of the total sector turnover. In addition, 5.6 percent of total beer sales in the UK were made in sports clubs. This accounts for 520m or 2.8 percent of turnover in the Sports activities sub-sector of the economy. Scaling this performance data, we estimated that on-trade beer sales directly provided 32,780 jobs, 400m of wages and 720m of GVA in the UK (Fig. 29). Fig. 29. The estimated benefits of the beer related on-trade element (excluding pubs), UK On-trade (excluding pubs) UK GVA ( m) Employment Wages ( m) Direct 720 32,780 400 Indirect 430 9,260 210 Induced 230 6,790 100 Total 1,380 48,820 720 Source: Annual Business Survey (ONS), NI Census of Employment (NI Department of the Economy), BBPA and Oxford Economics Note: May not add to totals due to rounding We estimate that through supply chain spending this level of activity would sustain or create a further 9,260 jobs with 210m of wages and 430m of GVA. Furthermore, through the spending of direct and indirect earnings, an additional 6,790 induced jobs could be sustained in the wider economy, commanding 100m of wages and creating 230m of induced GVA. Overall, the sale of beer in the on-trade (excluding pubs) across the UK was estimated to sustain 48,820 jobs, 720m of wages and 1,380m of GVA. 4.2 REGIONAL ESTIMATES Regional multipliers for the rest of the on-trade element (excluding pubs) are broadly consistent, and, as with pubs, notably lower than those in the brewery element (e.g. the GVA multipliers range from 1.8 to 2.3). Estimated direct GVA in the remaining on-trade element, originating from the sale of beer, reflects regional population shares, with one major outlier. London contains 13.2 percent of the UK population, yet it accounts for 30 percent of the UK direct GVA see Fig. 30. This mirrors wider performance trends in the 2014 24

ABS where London is the undisputed leader in the hospitality sub-sectors with the highest level of GVA, turnover, employment, wages, and supply chain purchases. Consequently, it experienced the highest level of indirect and induced benefits and, as a result, by far the largest share of total GVA of any region at 380m (Fig. 30). This was also the case in the 2012 ABS, therefore this trend for London has been carried forward and strengthened from our previous report. Fig. 30. The estimated GVA benefits of the beer related on-trade element (excluding pubs), UK regions On-trade (excluding pubs) GVA ( m) Direct Indirect Induced Total South East 100 61 36 197 London 217 106 57 380 East 48 36 20 104 South 56 35 19 110 43 31 16 90 East 31 23 12 66 31 27 13 71 North 83 44 27 153 North East 19 14 6 39 Wales 17 13 6 36 Scotland 59 36 18 113 Northern Ireland 12 8 4 25 UK 720 430 230 1,380 Source: Annual Business Survey (ONS), NI Census of Employment (NI Department of the Economy), BBPA and Oxford Economics Note: May not add to totals due to rounding Employment multipliers for the rest of the on-trade (excluding pubs) sector ranged from 1.4 to 1.6 and were lower and more consistent than the GVA multipliers (ranging from 1.8 to 2.3). London again provides the largest level of direct employment (6,110 jobs) and total employment (9,090 jobs), closely followed by the South East and the North (Fig. 31); the same relative rankings discussed in the 2013 report. 25

Fig. 31. The estimated employment benefits of the beer related on-trade element (excluding pubs), UK regions On-trade (excluding pubs) Employment Direct Indirect Induced Total South East 4,790 1,210 850 6,860 London 6,110 1,640 1,330 9,090 East 2,650 860 590 4,100 South 2,970 820 650 4,450 2,080 780 520 3,380 East 2,000 580 390 2,960 2,330 710 450 3,490 North 3,530 960 860 5,350 North East 1,060 360 220 1,640 Wales 1,290 350 220 1,850 Scotland 3,240 760 550 4,550 Northern Ireland 730 220 150 1,100 UK 32,780 9,260 6,790 48,820 Source: Annual Business Survey (ONS), NI Census of Employment (NI Department of the Economy), BBPA and Oxford Economics Note: May not add to totals due to rounding Average wages in the sector reflect the relatively high incidences of part-time working arrangements and shift work. At a regional level, average direct wages range from 7,740 ( ) to 18,000 (London). The UK average direct wage for the on-trade element is 12,300. The differences across regions mirror differences in the cost of living and cost of doing business. Fig. 32. The estimated wage benefits of the beer related on-trade element (excluding pubs), UK regions On-trade (excluding pubs) Wages ( m) Direct Indirect Induced Total South East 59 29 15 103 London 110 48 25 183 East 28 19 9 56 South 29 17 9 55 26 17 8 50 East 19 12 6 37 18 15 6 39 North 50 21 12 82 North East 12 7 3 22 Wales 10 7 3 20 Scotland 35 17 8 60 Northern Ireland 7 4 2 13 UK 400 210 100 720 Source: Annual Business Survey (ONS), NI Census of Employment (NI Department of the Economy), BBPA and Oxford Economics Note: May not add to totals due to rounding 26

The distribution of direct jobs across the age groups for the beer related ontrade element is slightly more even than the pub sector, though, as with pubs, a significant proportion of direct jobs were held by the younger age groups. Of the 32,780 direct jobs across the UK, almost one third (10,150) were taken by those aged under 25 (Fig. 33). The North directly employed 1,310 people in this group or 37.1 percent of its total, the largest proportion of any region. London employed the lowest proportion with 17.8 percent - while this is surprising, it suggests that hospitality firms in the capital prefer to employ more experienced staff. Fig. 33. Total direct employment of the beer related on-trade element (excluding pubs) by age group, UK regions On-trade (excluding pubs) Direct employment by age Under 25 25-44 45+ Total South East 1,600 1,920 1,270 4,790 London 1,090 3,510 1,520 6,110 East 930 980 740 2,650 South 1,040 1,070 860 2,970 650 830 590 2,080 East 700 670 630 2,000 790 900 630 2,330 North 1,310 1,290 930 3,530 North East 310 400 350 1,060 Wales 450 440 390 1,290 Scotland 1,090 1,290 860 3,240 Northern Ireland 180 320 230 730 UK 10,150 13,630 9,010 32,780 Source: Annual Business Survey (ONS), Labour Force Survey (ONS), NI Census of Employment (NI Department of the Economy), BBPA and Oxford Economics Note: May not add to totals due to rounding A breakdown of the direct employment in the beer related on-trade element by status suggests a broadly even mix of full- and part-time jobs. It is estimated that seven of the twelve UK regions have more full-time than part-time direct jobs (Fig. 34). London had the highest proportion of full-time jobs (62.3 percent of total) while the North East had the highest proportion of part-time jobs (55.8 percent). 27

Fig. 34. Total direct employment of the beer related on-trade element (excluding pubs) by employment status, UK regions On-trade (excluding pubs) Direct employment by status Full-time Part-time Total South East 2,690 2,100 4,790 London 3,810 2,310 6,110 East 1,370 1,280 2,650 South 1,560 1,420 2,970 1,060 1,020 2,080 East 990 1,010 2,000 1,130 1,200 2,330 North 1,750 1,780 3,530 North East 470 590 1,060 Wales 600 680 1,290 Scotland 1,680 1,560 3,240 Northern Ireland 410 320 730 UK 17,520 15,260 32,780 Source: Annual Business Survey (ONS), Labour Force Survey (ONS), NI Census of Employment (NI Department of the Economy), BBPA and Oxford Economics Note: May not add to totals due to rounding Hotels, restaurants and sports clubs are estimated to have contributed 94m in net capital expenditure. Fig. 35 indicates that the South East, London and the North have contributed the greatest share 54 percent of the total between them. Fig. 35. Net capital expenditure (CAPEX) of the beer related on-trade element (excluding pubs), UK regions On-trade (excluding pubs) Net capital expenditure ( m) South East 13 London 26 East 5 South 7 9 East 5 4 North 13 North East 3 Wales 3 Scotland 6 Northern Ireland 1 UK 94 Source: Annual Business Survey (ONS), NI Census of Employment (NI Department of the Economy), BBPA and Oxford Economics The beer related on-trade sub-sector (excluding pubs) is estimated to have generated 658m through direct es. This figure is made up of three categories; corporation, income /NIC and VAT, which are disaggregated in Fig. 36. In terms of total es, the beer related on-trade is estimated to have 28

On-trade (excluding pubs) generated 806m, made up of 79m in corporation, 134m in income /NIC and 593m in VAT (Fig. 37). In line with the results so far in this section, the South East, London and the North contribute over 55 percent of the total UK figure, a reflection of how developed the hospitality sector is in each of these three regions (Fig. 37). Fig. 36. Direct generated by the beer related on-trade element (excluding pubs), UK regions Direct estimates ( m) Corporation /NIC Value added (VAT) Total South East 5 8 74 86 London 13 26 193 231 East 2 2 36 41 South 3 1 49 53 2 3 31 37 East 1 1 21 24 2 0 24 25 North 4 8 60 73 North East 1 1 14 16 Wales 1 0 13 14 Scotland 3 3 43 49 Northern Ireland 1 0 9 10 UK 37 54 567 658 Source: Annual Business Survey (ONS), NI Census of Employment (NI Department of the Economy), BBPA and Oxford Economics Note: May not add to totals due to rounding On-trade (excluding pubs) Fig. 37. Total generated by the beer related on-trade element (excluding pubs), UK regions Total estimates ( m) Corporation /NIC Value added (VAT) Total South East 11 19 77 108 London 23 47 199 270 East 6 9 38 53 South 7 7 51 65 5 9 33 47 East 4 5 23 32 4 5 26 34 North 8 16 63 87 North East 2 3 15 20 Wales 2 2 14 18 Scotland 6 9 45 60 Northern Ireland 1 2 9 13 UK 79 134 593 806 Source: Annual Business Survey (ONS), NI Census of Employment (NI Department of the Economy), BBPA and Oxford Economics Note: May not add to totals due to rounding 29

5. IMPACT OF BEER SALES IN THE OFF-TRADE SECTOR 5.1 UK ESTIMATES The estimates in this section use volumes data from the BBPA Statistical Handbook 2015 and employment data from the ONS. Using information from the Statistical Handbook, we found that 50 percent of beer consumption in 2014 was distributed through the off-trade channel. This share has risen almost every year since 1980. These trends have led to off-trade beer sales overtaking on-trade sales for the first time in 2015, as shown in Fig. 38. Fig. 38. Total UK beer sales for the on- and off-trade elements, 1980-2015 Percentage of total UK beer sales 100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% On-trade Off trade Source: BBPA Using the average price of beer, consumer spending through the off-trade equates to 3.9bn, or 0.3 percent of overall turnover in the retail and wholesale sector. By combining this data with ONS published data, we estimate that the beer related off-trade element directly provides 12,730 jobs, 225m of wages and 474m of GVA across the UK (Fig. 39). Fig. 39. The estimated benefits of the beer related off-trade element, UK Off-trade UK GVA ( m) Employment Wages ( m) Direct 474 12,730 225 Indirect 284 5,890 139 Induced 138 4,060 61 Total 900 22,690 430 Source: Annual Business Survey (ONS), NI Census of Employment (NI Department of the Economy), BBPA and Oxford Economics Note: May not add to totals due to rounding 30

Using UK input-output tables, the indirect GVA of the off-trade s supply chain is estimated to be 284m. Given sectoral productivity levels, this level of indirect GVA translates into 5,890 jobs in the off-trade element s supply chain, sustaining wages of 139m (Fig. 39). Again, the spending of both the direct and indirect wages will induce further jobs in the economy. We have estimated this impact at 4,060 jobs and 61m of wages. Given productivity levels across the UK regions, this equates to a further 138m of induced GVA. Overall, beer sales in the off-trade are estimated to sustain 22,690 jobs, 430m of wages and 900m of GVA in the UK. 5.2 REGIONAL ESTIMATES Estimated direct GVA in the beer related off-trade sub-sector again broadly reflects regional population shares, with London, as a result of its higher cost of doing business and higher cost of living, being the only notable outlier (cited in the 2013 report). While the region provides 13.2 percent of the UK population, it is estimated that it provides 19.6 percent of the UK s direct GVA. Again, this reflects the wider performance trends in the 2014 ABS. The South East and the North rank in second and third place in terms of both direct and total GVA (Fig. 40). East had the highest GVA multiplier of any region, recorded at 1.98 (meaning that for every 1m of direct GVA produced in the off-trade, 0.98m of additional GVA is created in the wider economy through indirect and induced spending). Fig. 40. The estimated GVA benefits of the beer related off-trade element, UK regions Off-trade GVA ( m) Direct Indirect Induced Total South East 63 38 21 122 London 93 53 26 172 East 40 25 14 79 South 36 22 11 69 34 21 11 66 East 28 18 9 55 31 20 9 60 North 53 31 15 99 North East 19 11 4 35 Wales 15 10 4 29 Scotland 46 27 10 83 Northern Ireland 16 9 4 29 UK 470 280 140 900 Source: Annual Business Survey (ONS), NI Census of Employment (NI Department of the Economy), BBPA and Oxford Economics Note: May not add to totals due to rounding Fig. 41 shows the direct, indirect and induced employment impacts for the 12 UK regions from beer sales in the off-trade. Again, the employment multipliers remain broadly consistent though higher than those in the on-trade elements. 31

The same three regions that provide the largest amounts of direct and total GVA also provide the greatest amounts of direct and total employment London, the South East and the North. Fig. 41. The estimated employment benefits of the beer related off-trade element, UK regions Off-trade Employment Direct Indirect Induced Total South East 1,720 710 480 2,920 London 1,790 790 600 3,180 East 1,200 530 430 2,150 South 1,080 490 380 1,950 1,100 490 340 1,930 East 870 410 270 1,560 980 480 300 1,770 North 1,420 680 470 2,570 North East 540 270 160 970 Wales 580 240 160 980 Scotland 1,080 560 320 1,960 Northern Ireland 370 240 130 740 UK 12,730 5,890 4,060 22,690 Source: Annual Business Survey (ONS), NI Census of Employment (NI Department of the Economy), BBPA and Oxford Economics Note: May not add to totals due to rounding Earnings (Fig. 42) from the sector reflect the employment numbers and regional wage differentials. Intuitively, London and the South East have the greatest level of direct and overall wages. Indeed, the average wage in the subsector in London ( 23,250) was significantly higher than in Wales the lowest of the regions, where the average worker earnt 14,710. It should be noted that the wage multipliers for all regions are higher than those for employment and GVA, because workers in the off-trade retail sector typically earn low wages, at least relative to the other sectors where the indirect and induced jobs are created (hospitality and other personal services). 32

Fig. 42. The estimated wage benefits of the beer related off-trade element, UK regions Off-trade Wages ( m) Direct Indirect Induced Total South East 33 18 8 59 London 42 25 11 77 East 22 12 6 41 South 18 11 5 34 17 11 5 33 East 14 9 4 27 15 10 4 30 North 24 15 6 45 North East 8 6 2 16 Wales 9 5 2 16 Scotland 18 13 4 35 Northern Ireland 6 5 2 12 UK 230 140 60 430 Source: Annual Business Survey (ONS), NI Census of Employment (NI Department of the Economy), BBPA and Oxford Economics Note: May not add to totals due to rounding Of the 12,730 direct jobs throughout the UK, 2,560 (20.1 percent) fell into the under 25 age group, 5,020 (39.4 percent) fell into the 25-44 age group and 5,150 (40.5 percent) fell into the 45 and over age group (Fig. 43). Wales (26.1 percent) and Scotland (26.0 percent) had the highest relative proportions in the youngest age group. Fig. 43. Total direct employment of the beer related off-trade element by age group, UK regions Off-trade Direct employment by age Under 25 25-44 45+ Total South East 410 630 690 1,720 London 380 690 710 1,790 East 290 440 470 1,200 South 100 440 550 1,080 220 440 430 1,100 East 120 310 440 870 140 550 280 980 North 270 550 600 1,420 North East 90 230 210 540 Wales 150 190 230 580 Scotland 280 380 420 1,080 Northern Ireland 90 160 120 370 UK 2,560 5,020 5,150 12,730 Source: Annual Business Survey (ONS), Labour Force Survey (ONS), NI Census of Employment (NI Department of the Economy), BBPA and Oxford Economics Note: May not add to totals due to rounding A breakdown of the direct jobs by status reveals that 6,940 (54.5 percent) were full-time compared to 5,790 (45.5 percent) which were part-time. At a regional 33

level, East (77.3 percent) and the East (75.0 percent) had the highest proportions of their total direct employment taken up by full-time jobs a marked difference from, where just 32 percent of total jobs were full-time in nature (Fig. 44). This is consistent with the age profile for the area suggesting a large number of young people / students work in the off-trade element. Fig. 44. Total direct employment of the beer related off-trade element by employment status, UK regions Off-trade Direct employment by status Full-time Part-time Total South East 750 980 1,720 London 980 810 1,790 East 930 270 1,200 South 500 580 1,080 600 500 1,100 East 650 220 870 310 670 980 North 820 600 1,420 North East 300 230 540 Wales 300 280 580 Scotland 570 510 1,080 Northern Ireland 230 140 370 UK 6,940 5,790 12,730 Source: Annual Business Survey (ONS), Labour Force Survey (ONS), NI Census of Employment (NI Department of the Economy), BBPA and Oxford Economics Note: May not add to totals due to rounding As a result of beer sales in the off-trade retail sector, net capital expenditure of 71m is estimated to have been created. Fig. 45 indicates that London has contributed the greatest share ( 14m). Northern Ireland contributed the lowest share (just 1.6m). 34

Fig. 45. Net capital expenditure (CAPEX) of the beer related off-trade element, UK regions Off-trade Net capital expenditure ( m) South East 13 London 14 East 4 South 4 3 East 3 9 North 10 North East 2 Wales 2 Scotland 5 Northern Ireland 2 UK 71 Source: Annual Business Survey (ONS), NI Census of Employment (NI Department of the Economy), BBPA and Oxford Economics Off-trade The beer related off-trade element is estimated to have generated 890m of direct, made up of 30m in corporation, 52m in income /NIC and 810m in VAT (Fig. 46). Accounting for indirect and induced es, the element is estimated to have generated 990m of total, including 56m in corporation, 103m in income /NIC and 830m in VAT (Fig. 47). London and the South East generated the greatest amount of, as a result of having the greatest level of activity across the off-trade element. Fig. 46. Direct generated by the beer related off-trade element, UK regions Direct estimates ( m) Corporation /NIC Value added (VAT) Total South East 3 8 96 108 London 6 12 168 186 East 2 5 57 65 South 2 4 59 65 2 3 55 60 East 2 3 48 52 2 3 51 56 North 4 5 97 105 North East 1 1 38 41 Wales 1 2 20 23 Scotland 3 4 91 98 Northern Ireland 1 1 34 36 UK 30 52 810 890 Source: Annual Business Survey (ONS), NI Census of Employment (NI Department of the Economy), BBPA and Oxford Economics Note: May not add to totals due to rounding 35

Off-trade Fig. 47. Total generated by the beer related off-trade element, UK regions Total estimates ( m) Corporation /NIC Value added (VAT) Total South East 7 15 98 121 London 11 23 171 205 East 5 10 59 74 South 4 8 60 72 4 7 56 67 East 3 6 49 58 4 7 52 62 North 6 10 99 115 North East 2 3 38 44 Wales 2 3 21 26 Scotland 6 8 92 106 Northern Ireland 2 3 34 39 UK 56 103 830 990 Source: Annual Business Survey (ONS), NI Census of Employment (NI Department of the Economy), BBPA and Oxford Economics Note: May not add to totals due to rounding 36

6. IMPACT OF THE OVERALL BEER AND PUB SECTOR 6.1 INTRODUCTION This section takes the estimates outlined in the preceding sections and calculates the total economic impact arising from the beer and pub sector in the UK and across its regions. As discussed earlier, simply summing the respective benefits of all four elements (breweries, pub, on-trade and off-trade) will overestimate the indirect, induced and as a result, overall impacts. This is because the supply chains of the pub, on- and off-trade elements contain a proportion of the brewery element and its supply chain, therefore adding everything together would result in double counting some of the impacts. As such, we adopted the approach below to calculate the total impacts for GVA, employment, wages and : Direct impacts: Calculated by summing the direct impacts from the four elements of activity for GVA, employment, wages and. Indirect impacts: For GVA, employment and wages, total indirect impacts are calculated by summing the indirect impacts of pub, the rest of the on-trade and the off-trade, and 12.7 percent of the indirect impacts from the breweries (as information taken from the BBPA Statistical Handbook 2015 suggests exports form 12.7 percent of total production). The remainder of the brewery element s indirect impacts will already be accounted for in the indirect impacts from the other 3 elements; and For, total indirect estimates are calculated by summing the indirect estimates of the pub, on- and off-trade elements, 12.7 percent of the breweries' VAT and corporation (as these two forms are also generated by the other 3 elements) but all of the breweries' excise duty (as breweries alone generate this form of and thus it won't be double counted). The remainder of the breweries' indirect impacts will already be accounted for in the indirect impacts from the other 3 elements. Induced impacts: For GVA, employment and wages, total induced impacts are calculated by summing the induced impacts of pub, the rest of the on-trade and the off-trade, and 12.7 percent of the indirect impacts from the breweries (as information taken from the BBPA Statistical Handbook 2015 suggests exports form 12.7 percent of total production). The remainder of the brewery element s induced impacts will already be accounted for in the induced impacts from the other 3 elements; and For, total induced estimates are calculated by summing the induced estimates of the pub, on- and off-trade elements, 12.7 percent of the breweries' VAT and corporation (as these two forms are also 37

generated by the other 3 elements) but all of the breweries' excise duty (as breweries alone generate this form of and thus it won't be double counted). The remainder of the breweries' induced impacts will already be accounted for in the induced impacts from the other 3 elements. 6.2 UK ESTIMATES We estimate that beer and pub activity in the UK produced total direct impacts of 641,650 jobs with 5.96bn of associated wages and 12.82bn of GVA. Through supply chain spending, beer and pub activity is estimated to create 153,250 additional indirect jobs, 3.41bn of wages and 6.84bn of GVA. This level of indirect benefits combines with our direct estimates to induce a further 103,460 jobs, 1.52bn of wages and 3.41bn of GVA in the wider economy. Fig. 48. The estimated benefits of the beer and pub sector, UK Overall beer and pub sector UK GVA ( m) Employment Wages ( m) Direct 12,820 641,650 5,960 Indirect 6,840 153,250 3,410 Induced 3,410 103,460 1,520 Total 23,060 898,350 10,890 Source: Annual Business Survey (ONS), NI Census of Employment (NI Department of the Economy), BBPA and Oxford Economics Note: May not add to totals due to rounding Overall, beer and pub activity is estimated to have sustained 898,350 jobs, 10.9bn of wages and 23.1bn of GVA across the UK economy from direct, indirect and induced effects. 6.3 REGIONAL ESTIMATES Fig. 49 presents our regional multipliers for GVA, employment and wages. The GVA multipliers range from 1.7 in the to 1.9 in Northern Ireland. This means that our estimates of total direct, indirect and induced GVA impacts in Northern Ireland are almost double those of its direct impacts. The employment multipliers as has been the case for the individual elements of beer and pub activity (with the exception of breweries) are smaller and slightly less volatile than the GVA multipliers. The employment multipliers range from 1.3 in the South East to 1.6 in the. This means that for every 1 direct job created in the, 0.6 jobs are created through indirect or induced effects. The wage multipliers tend to follow a similar trend to the GVA multipliers. As with employment, the has the highest wage multiplier of 2.0. 38

Fig. 49. GVA, employment and wages multipliers, UK regions Overall beer and pub sector Multiplier GVA ( m) Employment Wages ( m) South East 1.9 1.3 1.8 London 1.8 1.4 1.7 East 1.9 1.4 2.0 South 1.8 1.4 1.8 1.7 1.6 2.0 East 1.9 1.5 1.9 1.9 1.4 1.9 North 1.7 1.3 1.7 North East 1.9 1.5 1.8 Wales 1.8 1.3 1.8 Scotland 1.8 1.4 1.7 Northern Ireland 1.9 1.4 1.8 UK 1.8 1.4 1.8 Source: Annual Business Survey (ONS), NI Census of Employment (NI Department of the Economy), BBPA and Oxford Economics The pub sub-sector was easily the largest of the four that make up the overall beer and pub sector and as such, regional performance in the pub element drives overall performance. Accordingly, overall beer and pub activity was found to be most concentrated in London, the and the South East; these three regions are estimated to have produced the highest levels of direct GVA (Fig. 51 to follow). These findings more or less reflect the share of the UK population, as shown in Fig. 50, with one notable exception the - which had a significantly higher share of direct GVA than its population size would suggest might be expected (a 5.4 percentage point difference). This is as a result of the having the highest level of direct productivity in the pub element ( 26,900) of any region, including London. As noted this is mainly due to the region having four of the larger pub operators in the UK (Enterprise Inns head office, Mitchells and Butlers, Punch Taverns and Spirit). 39

Fig. 50. Percentage point difference between share of direct GVA from the beer and pub sector and share of UK population, UK regions London North South Scotland North East South East East East Wales Northern Ireland -2% -1% 0% 1% 2% 3% 4% 5% 6% Percentage point difference Source: Annual Business Survey (ONS), NI Census of Employment (NI Department of the Economy), BBPA and Oxford Economics Through supply chain and induced expenditure, we estimate that London ( 3.46bn) and the South East ( 3.12bn) experienced the greatest levels of total GVA, as a result of the sectoral employment composition of their local economies. While the had the lowest GVA multiplier of any region, its high level of direct GVA meant it again ranked among the best performing regions in terms of total GVA as shown in Fig. 51. Fig. 51. The estimated GVA benefits of the beer and pub sector, UK regions Overall beer and pub sector GVA ( m) Direct Indirect Induced Total South East 1,660 920 550 3,120 London 1,920 1,040 500 3,460 East 1,060 610 320 1,990 South 1,090 580 330 2,000 1,820 830 360 3,020 East 790 440 230 1,460 940 550 250 1,740 North 1,460 700 360 2,520 North East 430 260 120 800 Wales 470 260 110 830 Scotland 980 520 230 1,730 Northern Ireland 200 120 60 380 UK 12,820 6,840 3,410 23,060 Source: Annual Business Survey (ONS), NI Census of Employment (NI Department of the Economy), BBPA and Oxford Economics Note: May not add to totals due to rounding As Fig. 52 shows, the South East was estimated to provide the greatest proportion of direct and total job benefits, followed by the North. These 40

two regions ranked in first and fourth place respectively in our previous report. Again the findings are broadly in line with population shares although due to a large variation in published regional job numbers in pubs, the North has a greater share of employment when compared to the 2013 report. Fig. 52. The estimated employment benefits of the beer and pub sector, UK regions Overall beer and pub sector Employment Direct Indirect Induced Total South East 101,540 18,850 14,040 134,440 London 64,760 16,070 11,650 92,480 East 66,870 15,120 9,350 91,340 South 65,920 13,720 11,370 91,020 56,760 20,760 11,730 89,240 East 38,640 11,080 7,440 57,160 60,330 14,800 8,630 83,750 North 80,010 15,310 11,520 106,830 North East 20,960 6,770 4,270 32,000 Wales 33,830 6,860 4,370 45,060 Scotland 40,380 10,750 7,190 58,320 Northern Ireland 11,650 3,150 1,900 16,710 UK 641,650 153,250 103,460 898,350 Source: Annual Business Survey (ONS), NI Census of Employment (NI Department of the Economy), BBPA and Oxford Economics Note: May not add to totals due to rounding As is the case with the pub, on-trade and off-trade sub-sectors, London and the South East commanded the highest levels of direct and total wages in the overall beer and pub sector. This reflects not only activity in the sector, but the cost of living and cost of doing business in London and the South East. In total, these two regions provided 1.64bn and 1.50bn in wages respectively (Fig. 53). Fig. 53. The estimated wages benefits of the beer and pub sector, UK regions Overall beer and pub sector Wages ( m) Direct Indirect Induced Total South East 820 450 230 1,500 London 950 470 220 1,640 East 490 320 140 950 South 550 290 150 990 600 440 170 1,210 East 400 230 110 740 450 300 120 870 North 670 330 160 1,160 North East 230 140 50 430 Wales 250 140 50 430 Scotland 460 240 100 800 Northern Ireland 100 60 20 180 UK 5,960 3,410 1,520 10,890 Source: Annual Business Survey (ONS), NI Census of Employment (NI Department of the Economy), BBPA and Oxford Economics Note: May not add to totals due to rounding 41

UK estimates indicate that of the 641,650 direct jobs in the beer and pub sector, 268,850 (41.9 percent) were taken by those under 25 years of age (Fig. 54). There was a greater concentration of jobs in this lowest age group than in the last four (35+ year of age) combined. This is as a result of the pub element (the largest of the four elements), which allows the flexibility to work on a parttime basis. Of the UK regions, the South East, Yorkshire & the and the had the greatest proportions of young people employed in the sector (49.2 percent, 46.1 percent and 44.1 percent respectively in the Under 25 category). Fig. 54. Total direct employment of the beer and pub sector by age group, UK regions Overall beer and pub sector Direct employment by age Under 25 25-44 45+ Total South East 49,950 31,640 19,960 101,540 London 22,010 27,160 15,590 64,760 East 26,670 21,670 18,530 66,870 South 28,500 20,020 17,410 65,920 25,010 17,790 13,950 56,760 East 16,300 12,580 9,770 38,640 27,800 19,430 13,100 60,330 North 32,610 27,050 20,340 80,010 North East 8,310 5,960 6,680 20,960 Wales 13,370 11,700 8,760 33,830 Scotland 15,410 13,790 11,180 40,380 Northern Ireland 2,900 4,530 4,220 11,650 UK 268,850 213,310 159,490 641,650 Source: Annual Business Survey (ONS), Labour Force Survey (ONS), NI Census of Employment (NI Department of the Economy), BBPA and Oxford Economics Note: May not add to totals due to rounding An analysis of the direct employment in the beer and pub sector by employment status (i.e. whether the job is full or part-time) indicates the high incidence of part-time workers. From Fig. 55, it is estimated that 278,750 (43.4%) of the 641,650 direct jobs in the UK were full-time, compared to 362,900 (56.6%) part-time roles. Again, this is largely attributable to the pub element, which allows the flexibility to work on a part-time basis. The North East is estimated to have the highest proportion of part-time workers (64 percent); only Northern Ireland and London were estimated to have more fulltime than part-time workers. 42

Fig. 55. Total direct employment of the beer and pub sector by employment status, UK regions Overall beer and pub sector Direct employment by status Full-time Part-time Total South East 46,600 54,940 101,540 London 33,540 31,220 64,760 East 32,620 34,260 66,870 South 24,900 41,020 65,920 24,160 32,590 56,760 East 16,670 21,980 38,640 22,500 37,820 60,330 North 30,340 49,670 80,010 North East 7,550 13,410 20,960 Wales 14,910 18,920 33,830 Scotland 18,600 21,790 40,380 Northern Ireland 6,350 5,300 11,650 UK 278,750 362,900 641,650 Source: Annual Business Survey (ONS), Labour Force Survey (ONS), NI Census of Employment (NI Department of the Economy), BBPA and Oxford Economics Note: May not add to totals due to rounding Using the ratio of direct CAPEX to GVA at a regional level from the latest ABS, estimates suggest the beer and pub sector generated 1.96bn of net capital expenditure (Fig. 56). London and the South East are estimated to have provided the greatest amount of CAPEX. This is as a result of some of the highest numbers of pubs being found in the South East, and thus high amounts of direct GVA, and above average CAPEX/GVA ratios in both regions (15.7 percent and 16.9 percent respectively). Fig. 56. Net capital expenditure (CAPEX) of the beer and pub sector, UK regions Overall beer and pub sector Net capital expenditure ( m) South East 279 London 302 East 140 South 273 138 East 104 168 North 217 North East 99 Wales 77 Scotland 148 Northern Ireland 20 UK 1,960 Source: Annual Business Survey (ONS), NI Census of Employment (NI Department of the Economy), BBPA and Oxford Economics Note: May not add to totals due to rounding 43

Activity in the beer and pub sector gene a significant amount of for the government. The beer and pub sector is estimated to have generated a total of 9.74bn through direct es (Fig. 57), including 520m in corporation, 470m in income / NIC, 3.24bn in excise duty, 4.8bn in VAT and 700m in business. After accounting for indirect and induced es, it is estimated that the beer and pub sector generated 12.62bn of total es, made up of 1bn in corporation, 1.54bn in income / NIC, 3.24bn in excise duty, 5.2bn in VAT, 930m in excise duty on other drinks and 700m in business (Fig. 58). The North and London are estimated to have generated the greatest amounts of direct and total es as a result of them having amongst the highest levels of activity across the sector as a whole. Fig. 57. Direct generated by the beer and pub sector, UK regions Overall beer and pub sector Corporation /NIC Direct estimates ( m) Excise duty Value added (VAT) Business South East 60 32 194 603 88 976 London 52 174 210 631 55 1,121 East 47 27 138 379 58 648 South 48 19 83 455 70 675 60 53 503 391 62 1,068 East 36 28 425 346 56 891 45 18 538 396 65 1,062 North 63 36 583 560 82 1,323 North East 17 23 4 198 30 270 Wales 28 10 392 258 46 734 Scotland 50 46 142 466 67 772 Northern Ireland 12 5 32 133 18 201 UK 520 470 3,240 4,810 700 9,740 Source: Annual Business Survey (ONS), NI Census of Employment (NI Department of the Economy), BBPA and Oxford Economics Note: May not add to totals due to rounding Total 44

Fig. 58. Total generated by the beer and pub sector, UK regions Overall beer and pub sector Corporation /NIC Excise duty Total estimates ( m) Value added (VAT) Excise duty on other drinks Business South East 140 195 194 656 118 88 1,391 London 143 367 210 685 73 55 1,534 East 85 123 138 415 78 58 896 South 92 107 83 489 94 70 936 103 174 503 437 83 62 1,361 East 67 100 425 372 75 56 1,096 78 101 538 428 87 65 1,297 North 111 129 583 597 110 82 1,612 North East 36 63 4 213 40 30 385 Wales 42 44 392 273 61 46 858 Scotland 84 116 142 493 90 67 992 Northern Ireland 21 20 32 140 25 18 256 UK 1,000 1,540 3,240 5,200 930 700 12,620 Source: Annual Business Survey (ONS), NI Census of Employment (NI Department of the Economy), BBPA and Oxford Economics Note: May not add to totals due to rounding. Summing the benefits of all four element (breweries, pub, on-trade and off-trade) will overestimate the indirect, induced and as a result, overall impacts Total The UK beer and pub sector continues to be an important source of employment and output. Its activity can provide significant amounts of contribution, CAPEX, flexible working conditions and opportunities for young people to enter the labour market. 45

7. CONCLUSIONS 7.1 BEER AND PUB ACTIVITY PROVIDES SIGNIFICANT BENEFITS It is clear that activity in the brewing of beer and subsequent sale through on-trade and off-trade channels provides significant economic benefits to the national economy. Overall the beer and pub sector is estimated to have sustained 898,350 jobs, 10.9bn of wages and 23.1bn of GVA across the UK from direct, indirect and induced effects. To put this in context GVA from the UK beer and pub sector is worth 70% of the entire Northern Ireland economy 641,650 jobs were provided directly by the sector. Just under half of these (268,850 or 42 percent) were taken by those aged under 25, and 362,900 (56.6 percent) were estimated to be part-time. Beer and pub activity is estimated to have generated 1.96bn of net capital expenditure in 2014, 9.7bn of direct and 12.6bn of total to the UK economy. 7.2 BREWING ACTIVITY PORVIDES THE GREATEST SUPPLY CHAIN BENEFITS Given the capital intensity of the brewing sector, output per head is relatively high. As a result, the indirect and subsequent induced impacts are subject to relatively strong multipliers. The brewing element is estimated to provide benefits of the following magnitude: 18,550 direct jobs and 530m of wages, producing 2.18bn of GVA; 64,040 indirect jobs and 1.45bn of wages, producing 2.94bn of GVA; and 22,980 induced jobs and 330m of wages, producing 740m of GVA. In total, activity in breweries has been estimated to have sustained 105,570 jobs, 2.31bn of wages and 5.86bn of GVA across the UK. 7.3 THE PUB ELEMENT IN THE MAIN CONTRIBUTOR The lower average wage figure in the pub element is a reflection of the high proportion of part-time working arrangements. Output per head in pubs is relatively low and therefore the indirect and induced multipliers, though important, are below those of the brewing element. Accordingly, our analysis shows that the economic impact of the pub element is of the following magnitude: 577,590 direct jobs and 4.8bn of wages, producing 9.44bn of GVA; 129,950 indirect jobs and 2.87bn of wages, producing 5.74bn of GVA; and 89,680 induced jobs and 1.32bn of wages, producing 2.95bn of GVA. 46

In total, activity in the pub sector has been estimated to have sustained 797,230 jobs, 8.99bn of wages and 18.13bn of GVA across the UK. 7.4 NOTABLE BEER SALES ACTIVITY IN THE REST OF THE ON-TRADE Furthermore, our analysis shows that the economic impact of beer sales in the rest of the on-trade sector is of the following magnitude: 32,780 direct jobs and 400m of wages, producing 720m of GVA; 9,260 indirect jobs and 210m of wages, producing 430m of GVA; and 6,790 induced jobs and 100m of wages, producing 230m of GVA. Overall, the selling of beer in the on-trade (excluding pubs) is estimated to sustain 48,820 jobs with 720m of wages and 1.38bn of GVA across the UK. 7.5 AS WELL AS IN THE OFF-TRADE Finally, our analysis shows that the economic impact of beer related off-trade is of the following magnitude: 12,730 direct jobs and 225m of wages, producing 474m of GVA; 5,890 indirect jobs and 139m of wages, producing 284m of GVA; and 4,060 induced jobs and 61m of wages, producing 138m of GVA. In total, activity in the beer related off-trade element has been estimated to sustain 22,690 jobs, 430m of wages and 900m of GVA across the UK. 7.6 THE WEST MIDLANDS, LONDON, THE SOUTH EAST AND THE NORTH WEST ARE THE BIG WINNERS Our results indicate that the beer and pub sector made the largest overall impact within the, London, the South East and the North. These regions are in the top 5 in terms of GVA and wages. In most cases the regional estimates are broadly comparable with population shares, though differentials in regional productivity and wages do result in differences across the UK. Indeed the is estimated to have a significantly higher share of direct GVA from the pub sector than would be expected based on the size of the population. 7.7 COMPARISONS WITH OUR PREVIOUS 2013 BBPA REPORT The estimates for the beer and pub sector as a whole have improved on those estimates published in our previous report by six percent for total employment and three percent for total GVA and wages (the sector was estimated to have sustained 869,120 jobs, 10.58bn of wages and 21.7bn of GVA in 2013). These differences reflect the changes in official ABS statistics across the relevant sub-sectors, and the changes in supply chain spending patterns in the most recent UK input-output tables. The same four regions that have 47

contributed to the greatest extent to the UK figures (from Section 7.6) remain consistent with our 2013 report. A comparison of each element s estimates against their results from 2013 indicated that direct impacts all showed moderate increases outside of employment in the off-trade. However, induced employment and wages resulting from the off-trade element have weakened slightly over the year. The increase in the sector s overall benefits is due to a return to growth in the pub sector. 7.8 THE BEER AND PUB SECTOR IS OF GREAT IMPORTANCE Our analysis confirms that the UK beer and pub sector continues to be an important source of employment and output at a national and local level. Its activity gene a significant amount of contributions, investment and opportunities for young people to enter the labour market Adrian Cooper Chief Executive Officer Oxford Economics 48

ANNEX A: APPROACH This section describes the approach adopted to produce local estimates of the impact of the beer and pub sector across the UK. This section outlines general issues (i.e. provision of direct, indirect, induced and total estimates for GVA, employment and wages). It also focuses on direct employment by age group and employment status, new capital expenditure investment and direct/total es. UPDATING OUR PREVIOUS ANALYSIS AVAILABLE DATA The major source of employment and financial data on the sectors is the Annual Business Survey (formerly the Annual Business Inquiry) published by the Office for National Statistics. The publication of data on the website is typically provided at 2-digit industry level (consistent with the 2007 Standard Industrial Classification system) for the UK regions, however more detailed 4- digit industry data can be requested. Detailed regional and national data at the time of writing was available for 2014. Therefore we had to request the more detailed sectoral breakdown at a regional level from National Statistics. Unfortunately, at this level, some of the data is suppressed or held back for confidentiality reasons. As such we had to estimate some of the data using the UK data as control totals. In addition, while the ABS publishes financial information for all 12 UK regions, it only publishes employment numbers for 11 of them Northern Ireland is excluded, and thus we got this data from the NI Census of Employment (published by the Department of the Economy). Where possible (where we believe the regional ABS data), the sum of the LAs and PCs in a region are scaled to hit these published regional totals. In summary, we were able to collate data from these two sources for the following variables: Employment; Employment costs; Average wages and salaries; Gross Value Added (GVA); Net capital expenditure (CAPEX); Turnover; and Supply chain purchases. In addition to the ABS and NI Census of Employment data, we used the latest available sectoral GVA, and productivity estimates from Oxford Economics suite of forecasting models (which use published data from National Statistics). We used 2014 mid-year population figures for each region, local authority and parliamentary constituency. Finally, we used information provided by the client such as 2014 production and consumption data from the BBPA Statistical Handbook 2015 for the beer related on-trade and off-trade elements, as well as the following datasets on the number and location of: Major breweries and associated activities (e.g. full-time equivalent employee numbers and duty estimates) using postcodes; 49

Micro-breweries and associated activities (e.g. full-time equivalent employee numbers and duty estimates) using postcodes; Pub company head offices and associated activities (e.g. full-time equivalent employee numbers) using postcodes; Licenses for pubs in England and Wales using postcodes; Licenses for pubs by local authority (LA) in Scotland; and Licenses for pubs by Court District in Northern Ireland. The most recent year in which there is available data for all variables is 2014, therefore to keep the analysis consistent with previous work, the estimates contained within this report reflect the state of the beer and pub sector in 2014. The estimates were supplemented with 2015/2016 brewery and pub activity data provided by the industry (BBPA). GEOGRAPHICAL ISSUES The first task was therefore to sort the BBPA dataset bulleted above by region, local authority and parliamentary consistency. Where postcode data was available this was a relatively straight forward task. However, for Northern Ireland we needed to apportion the number of licenses to local authorities using the share of employment in the hotels and restaurant sector (for Northern Ireland, we also used our knowledge of the local geography to apportion out the licenses). MODEL FRAMEWORK Local authority estimates Fig. 59 and Fig. 61 below set out the conceptual model of the framework used in this analysis. The framework has been applied to both the estimation of the benefits for breweries and for pubs. In the figures below we show how the framework related to the pub element (breweries follow same logic). The first step was to estimate local performance metrics for the pub element. In doing so we used the rateable value for each pub in England and Wales. The rateable value is estimated using the fair maintainable trade valuation method. It assesses the rateable value of pubs and other licensed premises. Fair maintainable trade is the annual level of trade (excluding VAT) that a pub can be expected to achieve assuming a reasonably efficient operator. It is based on: The type of pub or licensed premises; The area it is in; and What services it is able to offer e.g. food, gaming and sports screenings. Actual rents and turnovers collected from businesses are used to arrive at levels of fair maintainable trade. A percentage to the fair maintainable trade figure is used to calculate the rateable value. 50

Fig. 59. Conceptual model framework - estimating indirect benefits Location and rateable value of pubs ABI data Direct performance data by local authority Value of output Sectoral employment concentrations in each local authority Input/output tables Indirect or supply chain output/gva Assumptions: on % of supply chain spending sourced in each location Sourced locally Sourced within region Sourced within rest of the UK Productivity Wages Supply chain sourced locally Supply chain or indirect employment and wages at local authority level Using the rateable values of each pub we apportioned out each of the performance metrics (e.g. employment, GVA, turnover, etc.). We were then able to sum up and produce direct benefits for each local authority and consequently regional totals. Direct benefits include those directly employed in the sector in question, the earnings from the sector, and the value of output or GVA directly from the element. The value of direct output from the element was then used in conjunction with the UK input-output tables to work out the indirect or supply chain impacts. An input-output model gives a snapshot of an economy at any point in time. The model shows the major spending flows from final demand (i.e. consumer spending, government spending, investment and exports to the rest of the world); intermediate spending patterns (i.e. what each sector buys from every other sector the supply chain in other words); how much of that spending stays within the economy; and the distribution of income between employment incomes and other income (mainly profits). In essence an input-output model is a table which shows who buys what from whom in the economy. 51

LQ Although input-output tables gave us an estimate of supply chain spending, they do not assign this geographically. To overcome this we used the sectoral employment concentrations in each local authority along with assumptions to split the supply chain spending or indirect spending into that sourced locally within the local authority area, that sourced within the region and that sourced within the rest of the UK. We have assumed that sourcing of certain activities should be treated separately. For example, for low value sectors it is likely that a business will look to those closest to it, whereas for high value sectors they will be more open to sourcing services and goods from further afield. The higher the concentration of employment in any one sector the more we assume they source locally. Fig. 60 outlines our assumptions. So for example, if an area has a location quotient (LQ) 10 in a low value sector of below 50 we have assumed it sources 40% locally, 30% regionally and 30% nationally. However if it has a location quotient above 50 and below 100 in a high value sector, we assume they source 30% locally, 30% regionally and 40% nationally. Low value sectors Fig. 60. Supply chain spending assumptions Locally Regional Nationally High value sectors Low value sectors High value sectors Low value sectors High value sectors 50 40 20 30 35 30 45 100 50 30 25 30 25 40 150 60 40 20 25 20 35 200 70 50 15 20 15 30 250 80 60 10 15 10 25 300 90 70 5 10 5 20 Similarly, the supply chain spending that is allocated regionally and nationally is distributed across the relevant local authorities based on employment concentrations. The result is an estimate of supply chain or indirect output split by sector and local authority. After converting this to GVA, we then apply regional sectoral productivity estimates to produce indirect employment. Regional wages are then used to produce indirect wage estimates for each local authority. The next stage was to produce our induced employment and wage impacts (i.e. the creation of direct and indirect jobs will induce further employment creation through the spending of direct and indirect earnings). Typically, the majority of consumers disposable income will fall into the four sectors: retail, hotels & restaurants, arts & entertainment, and other services. We therefore make an estimate of the number of jobs found in each sector per 1m of income. Given 10 A location quotient shows the concentration of sectoral employment in an area relative to its regional or national average. For example a local authority with a LQ in a specific sector of 100 would mean it has the same proportion of employment in that sector as the regional average. A figure above 100 depicts a higher concentration of employment, and a figure below 100 represents a lower concentration. 52

we have calculated direct and indirect wages, we can then estimate the number of additional induced jobs that would be expected to arise in each local authority. Fig. 61. Conceptual model framework - estimating induced benefits Direct employment and wages Indirect employment and wages Jobs per 1 million spent in retail, hospitality and other services Induced employment and wages at Local Authority level For the beer related on-trade and off-trade elements, the only step that changed was finding the initial estimates for the range of variables for each region (given there wasn t postcode data for these elements). To do this we used the BBPA Statistical Handbook 2015 which published information on the production, consumption, prices and turnover in both the on-and off-trade sectors, as well as the percentages accounted for by their constituent sub-sectors (hotels, restaurants, sports clubs and off-licenses). Parliamentary constituency estimates Estimating the impacts across parliamentary constituency (PC) was done using the same model structure as was used in the local authority models. The only difference was that employment and wage data at a parliamentary constituency level was used instead. DEVISING TOTAL ESTIMATES OF OVERALL BEER AND PUB SECTOR It is not possible to simply sum the respective benefits of all four elements (breweries, pub, on-trade and off-trade), as this will overestimate the indirect, induced and as a result, overall impacts (for GVA, employment and wages). This is because the supply chains of the pub, on- and off-trade elements contain a proportion of the brewery element and its supply chain, therefore adding everything together would result in double counting some of the impacts. As such, we adopted the approach below to calculate the total impacts for GVA, employment and wages; we believe this approach to be the best given all the information at hand: Direct impacts: Calculated by summing the direct impacts from the four elements of activity for GVA, employment and wages; Indirect impacts: For GVA, employment and wages, total indirect impacts are calculated by summing the indirect impacts of pub, the rest of the ontrade and the off-trade, and 12.7 percent of the indirect impacts from the 53

breweries (as information taken from the BBPA Statistical Handbook 2015 suggests exports form 12.7 percent of total production). The remainder of the brewery element s indirect impacts will already be accounted for in the indirect impacts from the other 3 elements; and Induced impacts: For GVA, employment and wages, total induced impacts are calculated by summing the induced impacts of pub, the rest of the on-trade and the off-trade, and 12.7 percent of the indirect impacts from the breweries (as information taken from the BBPA Statistical Handbook 2015 suggests exports form 12.7 percent of total production). The remainder of the brewery element s induced impacts will already be accounted for in the induced impacts from the other 3 elements. LIMITATIONS The model developed for this study provides a robust tool for estimating local benefits arising from brewery and beer sales. However it does have limitations: In practice pubs or breweries will not source goods and services based purely on regional boundaries and sectoral employment concentrations; there is likely to be a preference for proximity. Despite this, the approach adopted in the model provides a sensible approach to allocating impacts, and takes account of proximity by allocating spending to the local economy, then the regional economy and followed by the UK economy (see Fig. 59). Data for certain sub-sectors, e.g. the manufacturing of beer, is limited at a regional level and can be exceptionally volatile: o GVA data for the manufacturing of beer is extremely volatile at a regional level and not available for many regions. For the seven regions that had published GVA data, there were large variations in calculated productivity. As a result productivity in the sector was set equal to the UK average; o The same is true of wages and turnover data. As a result, these have been set equal to national averages. ADDITIONAL ANALYSIS DIRECT EMPLOYMENT BY AGE GROUP The Labour Force Survey (LFS), published by ONS, provides employment data at a 4-digit industry level (consistent with the 2007 Standard Industrial Classification system), broken down by age band, for the 12 UK regions. However using this level of sectoral detail, even at a regional level, involves a lot of suppressed data in certain cases (particularly for the sub-sectors pertaining to the brewery and off-trade elements). The team at Oxford Economics used the published regional data where possible, but plugged any gaps by using either the UK average or the figure for a region with a similar employment by age breakdown. These breakdowns were applied to the direct employment estimates for every LA or PC within that region, for the given element. While we could have estimated the direct employment by age group using a number of other methods (using 2-digit industry data or UK averages), this 54

wouldn t have given us the accuracy we needed nor would it have allowed us to take account of trends/disparities across regions. The estimates in the model are broken down for six age groups (shown below): Under 25; 25-34; 35-44; 45-54; 55-64; and 65+. In this report we only publish this level of detail for the overall beer and pub sector; for the individual elements we amalgamate to show 3 age groups (Under 25, 25-44 and 45+) given the volatile nature of the data. DIRECT EMPLOYMENT BY EMPLOYMENT STATUS Again, we use the LFS to obtain employment data at a 4-digit industry level (consistent with the 2007 Standard Industrial Classification system), broken down by employment status (i.e. whether a job is full-time or part-time), for the 12 UK regions. In this case the LFS information is slightly better with fewer gaps and less suppressed data. The overall methodology remains the same as used for the age group breakdown. We again use the published regional data where possible, but use either the UK average or the values of a region we do believe to plug the gaps. It should be noted that gaps mainly exist for breweries and off-trade in this case also. Again, the breakdowns were applied to the direct employment estimates for every LA or PC within that region, for the given element. NET CAPITAL INVESTMENT EXPENDITURE (CAPEX) To calculate the local estimates of the CAPEX, a method similar to that used in estimating direct employment breakdowns was used. This method is the same as in the previous report. We used the 2014 ABS, and applied the direct CAPEX/GVA ratios for each element for each region to the LA and PC estimates of direct GVA. Using the region and sub-sector data rather than UK or 2-digit data, as above, allows for regional disparities. Once again, there are cases where the ABS has figures missing for the total net capital expenditure or GVA for certain regions, meaning we cannot calculate ratios. We again plugged gaps using either the UK figure or a comparable region we did believe, based on our judgment, before scaling. We then applied these ratios for each region for each element to the direct GVA in the LA or PC within that region, for the given element. As with the previous analysis, the total CAPEX figure for the LAs / PCs in a region was scaled to hit the regional published totals (that we believed to be accurate) from the 2014 ABS. 55

TAXATION We were asked to estimate the amount of direct es and total es (sum of direct, indirect and induced es) 11 generated locally for each element and the beer and pub sector as a whole. The type of generated depended on the element in question. All four elements provide corporation and income /national insurance contributions (NIC). However while the brewery element alone provides excise duty, it is only the other three elements (pub, on- and offtrade) that provide value-added (VAT). As well as this, pubs alone provide excise duty on other drinks (an indirect ) and business (a direct ). The methodology used to estimate each form of is below: Corporation : Corporate payments are calculated by using the derived profits in each sector which are themselves calculated by subtracting wages from GVA. If positive, this profit figure is then multiplied by the ratio of corporation payable to gross trading profits in 2013-14 (latest available) for the broad industrial sector taken from Table T11.4 of HMRC (2016) 12 This is used in preference to the headline rate to take account of capital allowances etc. For the indirect and induced corporation figures, the all industries figure ratio is used. If a loss is made, the model assumes zero corporation is paid. The exception is for pubs. Here average corporation payment per pub is taken from BBPA calculations. This is multiplied by the number of pubs in the geography; /NIC: o : Gross average earnings are calculated for each sector and geography. These are then combined with the income allowances and for 2014/15. Any income below 10,000 pays no income. Between 10,000 and 41,865 the rate is 20 percent. Over 41,865 the rate is 40 percent. The average amount of income paid per person is then multiplied by the number of people employed in the element and region. Where income or NIC contributions are zero (in the pub element for some regions) the model takes account of the full- and part-time wages of employees in the sector and scales up the average wage, so that income paid in that region can still be estimated; o NIC employees: Gross average earnings per person are calculated for each element and region. These are then combined with the NIC employees allowances and for 2014/15. No employees NIC is paid on wages up to 153 earned per week. Between 153 and 805 per week the rate is 12 percent. Over 805 the rate is 2 percent. The amount of NIC employees is calculated for the average person in each element and region, then multiplied by the number of employees; 11 The terms direct and indirect are used in the same sense as direct employment and indirect employment rather than in the normal sense of distinguishing between a on a person or property rather than a on a transaction. 12 HMRC (2016), Corporation Tax Statistics : https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/547346/table11-4_aug16.pdf 56

o NIC employers: Gross average earnings per person are calculated. These are then combined with the NIC employers allowances and for 2014/15. No employers NIC is paid on wage up to 153 earned per week. Over 153 per week the rate is 13.8 percent. There is no upper threshold. The amount of NICs employers is calculated for the average person in each element and region, then multiplied by the number of employees. VAT for direct es: o Pubs: A spreadsheet provided by BBPA calculates the average VAT payment per pub. This is multiplied by the number of pubs per geography; o Off-trade: The ONS publication Consumer Trends shows the value of consumer spending on beer in the off-trade until Q2 of 2014 13. This is then combined with the VAT rate (20%). o On-trade (excluding pubs): The ONS publication Consumer Trends used to show the value of consumer spending on beer in the on-trade. Data was published up to 2014Q2. This is then combined with the VAT rate (20%). VAT for indirect and induced es: ONS data 14 shows the rate of indirect es as a percentage of gross income for all households by quintile groups in 2013/14. VAT makes up 6.8 percent of all households gross income. It is assumed people spend all their income. Excise duty on other drinks and business : A spreadsheet provided by BBPA gives the average excise duty paid on other drinks in a pub and the average business rate. These figures are multiplied by the number of pubs in the geography. As with the total GVA, employment and wage impacts for the overall beer and pub sector, it is not possible to simply sum the respective benefits of all four elements (breweries, pub, on-trade and off-trade), as this will overestimate the indirect, induced and as a result, overall impacts. This is because the supply chains of the pub, on- and off-trade elements contain a proportion of the brewery element and its supply chain, therefore adding everything together would result in double counting some of the impacts. As such, we adopted the approach below to calculate the total impacts for ; we believe this approach to be the best given all the information at hand: Direct impacts: Calculated by summing the direct impacts from the four elements of activity; Indirect impacts: Calculated by summing the indirect estimates of the pub, on- and off-trade elements, 12.7 percent of the breweries' VAT and corporation (as these two forms are also provided by the other 3 13 ONS series UUPI. 14 Office for National Statistics, 2014. The effects of es and benefits on household income, 2012/13: Further analysis and methodology. Table 3. 57

elements) but all of the breweries' excise duty (as breweries alone provide this form of and thus it won't be double counted). The remainder of the breweries' indirect impacts will already be accounted for in the indirect impacts from the other 3 elements; and Induced impacts: Calculated by summing the induced estimates of the pub, on- and off-trade elements, 12.7 percent of the breweries' VAT and corporation (as these two forms are also provided by the other 3 elements) but all of the breweries' excise duty (as breweries alone provide this form of and thus it won't be double counted). The remainder of the breweries' induced impacts will already be accounted for in the induced impacts from the other 3 elements. For the other facets of the analysis (direct employment by age group and by economic status, and net capital expenditure), the total impacts are found by summing the direct impacts from the four elements of activity, given that these three facets only relate to direct activity. 58

ANNEX B (PART 1): LOCAL IMPACT OF THE BEER AND PUB SECTOR AT PARLIAMENTARY CONSTITUENCY LEVEL Parliamentary constituency Region Employment Wages ( m) GVA ( m) Direct Indirect Induced TOTAL Direct Indirect Induced TOTAL Direct Indirect Induced TOTAL Aldershot South East 940 178 100 1,217 7 5 2 13 14 10 4 27 Arundel and South Downs South East 1,504 355 286 2,144 13 8 5 25 27 14 11 52 Ashford South East 1,349 355 264 1,967 11 8 4 23 20 15 11 47 Aylesbury South East 1,006 242 142 1,390 8 5 2 15 15 10 6 30 Banbury South East 1,516 354 281 2,151 13 8 5 26 26 17 11 55 Basingstoke South East 973 202 137 1,312 8 5 2 15 15 11 6 33 Beaconsfield South East 1,525 259 223 2,007 12 6 4 22 22 13 9 44 Bexhill and Battle South East 756 143 153 1,052 6 3 2 12 11 7 6 24 Bognor Regis and Littlehampton South East 903 109 190 1,202 7 3 3 13 14 5 7 26 Bracknell South East 1,046 175 121 1,342 8 4 2 15 16 10 5 31 Brighton, Kemptown South East 986 115 84 1,185 8 3 1 12 15 6 3 24 Brighton, Pavilion South East 2,766 303 413 3,482 21 7 6 35 40 16 15 71 Buckingham South East 940 251 161 1,352 8 6 3 16 15 11 7 33 Canterbury South East 1,668 240 243 2,150 13 5 4 22 25 11 9 45 Chatham and Aylesford South East 310 107 64 482 3 2 1 6 5 5 3 12 Chesham and Amersham South East 801 165 114 1,081 6 4 2 12 12 7 5 24 Chichester South East 1,641 351 280 2,271 13 8 5 25 25 15 11 51 Crawley South East 1,179 290 137 1,607 9 7 2 19 18 16 5 39 Dartford South East 1,087 192 148 1,427 9 5 3 16 16 10 6 32 Dover South East 1,004 147 130 1,281 8 4 2 13 15 7 5 27 East Hampshire South East 1,108 297 201 1,606 9 7 3 19 17 13 8 38 East Surrey South East 1,558 245 195 1,998 12 6 3 20 22 11 7 41 East Worthing and Shoreham South East 711 142 119 973 6 3 2 11 10 7 5 22 Eastbourne South East 897 117 140 1,153 7 3 2 12 13 6 5 24 59

Parliamentary constituency Region Local impact of the UK beer and pub sector Employment Wages ( m) GVA ( m) Direct Indirect Induced TOTAL Direct Indirect Induced TOTAL Direct Indirect Induced TOTAL Eastleigh South East 1,197 205 156 1,557 9 5 3 17 18 10 6 34 Epsom and Ewell South East 1,100 156 126 1,382 8 4 2 14 16 8 5 29 Esher and Walton South East 1,365 225 165 1,755 11 5 3 19 20 11 6 37 Fareham South East 1,000 172 111 1,284 8 4 2 14 14 8 4 27 Faversham and Mid Kent South East 1,506 299 220 2,025 18 7 4 29 53 16 8 77 Folkestone and Hythe South East 984 163 138 1,285 8 4 2 14 15 8 5 28 Gillingham and Rainham South East 778 105 117 1,000 6 2 2 10 11 5 5 21 Gosport South East 773 111 106 989 6 3 2 11 12 6 4 22 Gravesham South East 1,093 159 133 1,385 8 4 2 14 16 8 5 28 Guildford South East 1,395 268 160 1,823 11 6 3 20 21 13 6 40 Hastings and Rye South East 994 174 165 1,333 8 4 3 14 15 8 6 29 Havant South East 694 110 85 890 5 3 1 9 10 5 3 19 Henley South East 1,700 277 196 2,174 13 7 3 23 27 13 7 47 Horsham South East 1,286 292 215 1,794 11 6 4 21 22 12 9 43 Hove South East 862 138 133 1,133 7 3 2 12 13 8 6 26 Isle of Wight South East 2,134 260 378 2,772 16 6 6 28 32 12 13 57 Lewes South East 1,355 209 190 1,755 12 5 3 20 29 11 7 47 Maidenhead South East 1,570 242 223 2,034 12 6 4 22 23 13 9 45 Maidstone and The Weald South East 1,192 210 158 1,560 9 5 3 17 18 10 6 34 Meon Valley South East 1,127 266 177 1,570 10 6 3 19 22 12 7 41 Mid Sussex South East 976 190 147 1,313 8 5 3 15 15 10 6 31 Milton Keynes North South East 1,476 408 237 2,122 12 10 4 26 22 23 10 55 Milton Keynes South South East 893 224 133 1,250 7 6 2 15 14 13 6 32 Mole Valley South East 1,571 275 180 2,025 12 6 3 22 23 13 7 44 New Forest East South East 1,183 223 179 1,586 9 5 3 17 17 10 6 34 New Forest South East 1,393 260 238 1,892 12 6 4 21 25 11 9 45 Newbury South East 1,572 394 181 2,148 13 9 3 25 25 19 7 51 North East Hampshire South East 1,440 244 160 1,845 11 6 3 19 21 12 7 39 North Thanet South East 939 111 131 1,181 7 3 2 12 14 5 5 24 North Hampshire South East 1,188 296 195 1,680 9 7 3 19 17 13 8 38 Oxford East South East 1,990 263 136 2,388 15 6 2 24 29 13 5 47 60

Parliamentary constituency Region Employment Wages ( m) GVA ( m) Direct Indirect Induced TOTAL Direct Indirect Induced TOTAL Direct Indirect Induced TOTAL Oxford and Abingdon South East 1,291 199 134 1,624 10 5 2 17 19 11 5 35 Portsmouth North South East 1,042 209 118 1,370 8 5 2 15 16 10 5 31 Portsmouth South South East 1,888 183 241 2,312 14 4 4 23 27 9 9 45 Reading East South East 1,771 296 166 2,232 14 8 3 24 26 18 7 51 Reading South East 615 147 102 864 5 4 2 11 9 8 4 22 Reigate South East 1,182 270 109 1,561 9 6 2 17 17 13 4 35 Rochester and Strood South East 874 190 121 1,185 7 4 2 13 13 10 5 27 Romsey and Southampton North South East 1,072 235 156 1,464 8 5 3 16 16 10 6 32 Runnymede and Weybridge South East 1,172 247 136 1,555 9 6 2 18 18 14 5 38 Sevenoaks South East 1,202 259 170 1,631 9 6 3 18 19 11 7 37 Sittingbourne and Sheppey South East 911 197 129 1,237 7 5 2 14 13 9 5 27 Slough South East 437 223 74 734 4 6 1 11 7 13 3 23 South Thanet South East 1,125 179 224 1,528 9 4 4 17 17 8 9 34 South Surrey South East 1,278 222 176 1,676 10 5 3 18 19 10 7 37 Southampton, Itchen South East 1,118 193 153 1,465 9 4 3 16 17 10 6 32 Southampton, Test South East 900 149 68 1,117 7 4 1 12 13 8 3 24 Spelthorne South East 1,167 166 118 1,451 9 4 2 15 17 9 5 30 Surrey Heath South East 1,219 246 125 1,590 9 6 2 17 18 11 5 34 Tonbridge and Malling South East 1,527 341 198 2,066 12 8 3 23 23 14 8 45 Tunbridge Wells South East 1,221 280 178 1,679 9 7 3 19 18 14 7 39 Wantage South East 1,067 250 117 1,434 8 6 2 16 17 11 5 33 Wealden South East 974 236 211 1,422 8 5 3 16 15 9 8 33 Winchester South East 1,386 281 145 1,811 13 7 2 22 30 13 6 48 Windsor South East 2,063 308 252 2,624 16 8 4 28 31 17 9 57 Witney South East 1,483 215 207 1,906 12 5 3 21 24 11 8 44 Woking South East 1,813 350 251 2,414 28 9 4 41 96 18 10 124 Wokingham South East 906 168 85 1,159 7 4 1 13 13 9 4 26 Worthing South East 924 131 123 1,179 7 3 2 12 13 7 5 25 Wycombe South East 1,010 220 160 1,389 9 5 3 17 18 11 6 35 Barking London 208 83 54 345 3 2 1 6 6 5 2 14 Battersea London 1,315 250 294 1,858 19 7 5 32 38 16 13 66 61

Parliamentary constituency Region Employment Wages ( m) GVA ( m) Direct Indirect Induced TOTAL Direct Indirect Induced TOTAL Direct Indirect Induced TOTAL Beckenham London 569 102 125 796 8 3 2 13 16 6 5 27 Bermondsey and Old Southwark London 1,814 498 189 2,501 26 15 4 45 53 32 9 93 Bethnal Green and Bow London 961 224 107 1,291 14 7 2 23 30 15 5 49 Bexleyheath and Crayford London 606 120 150 875 9 3 3 15 17 8 6 31 Brent Central London 576 264 151 991 11 7 3 21 34 16 6 57 Brent North London 404 119 90 613 6 3 2 11 12 7 4 23 Brentford and Isleworth London 1,266 397 212 1,876 24 13 4 40 68 28 9 105 Bromley and Chislehurst London 674 135 117 926 10 4 2 16 19 9 5 33 Camberwell and Peckham London 469 93 85 646 7 3 2 11 15 5 4 24 Carshalton and Wallington London 460 112 68 640 9 3 1 13 26 7 3 36 Chelsea and Fulham London 1,612 275 394 2,281 23 8 7 38 45 17 17 79 Chingford and Woodford Green London 459 101 120 680 7 3 2 11 13 6 5 24 Chipping Barnet London 439 98 87 624 6 3 2 11 12 6 4 22 Cities of London and minster London 13,137 3,226 1,612 17,975 190 106 30 325 372 233 68 674 Croydon Central London 937 164 128 1,229 13 5 2 21 26 11 6 42 Croydon North London 351 99 112 561 5 3 2 10 11 6 5 22 Croydon South London 390 138 91 618 6 4 2 11 11 7 4 21 Dagenham and Rainham London 444 114 79 637 6 3 1 11 12 7 3 23 Dulwich and Norwood London 745 111 95 951 11 3 2 16 22 7 4 33 Ealing Central and Acton London 800 295 188 1,283 12 8 4 23 23 18 8 49 Ealing North London 314 106 94 514 5 3 2 9 9 7 4 20 Ealing, Southall London 273 150 89 512 4 4 2 9 8 9 4 21 East Ham London 335 128 110 574 5 4 2 11 10 9 5 23 Edmonton London 253 140 90 483 4 4 2 9 7 9 4 20 Eltham London 222 52 52 325 3 1 1 6 6 3 2 12 Enfield North London 495 134 131 761 7 4 2 13 14 8 6 28 Enfield, Southgate London 438 110 106 654 6 3 2 11 12 6 5 23 Erith and Thamesmead London 240 105 63 408 4 3 1 7 7 6 3 16 Feltham and Heston London 317 134 69 520 5 4 1 10 9 8 3 20 Finchley and Golders Green London 394 119 106 619 6 3 2 11 12 7 5 23 Greenwich and Woolwich London 865 170 159 1,193 13 5 3 20 25 11 7 43 62

Parliamentary constituency Region Employment Wages ( m) GVA ( m) Direct Indirect Induced TOTAL Direct Indirect Induced TOTAL Direct Indirect Induced TOTAL Hackney North and Stoke Newington London 361 84 80 525 5 2 2 9 10 5 4 19 Hackney South and Shoreditch London 1,051 234 145 1,430 15 7 3 25 31 15 6 52 Hammersmith London 1,509 361 295 2,165 22 11 5 38 46 24 12 82 Hampstead and Kilburn London 867 151 180 1,198 12 4 3 20 24 9 8 41 Harrow East London 427 104 96 627 6 3 2 11 12 7 4 23 Harrow London 349 108 88 545 5 3 2 10 10 7 4 21 Hayes and Harlington London 556 300 132 987 8 9 2 20 16 20 5 41 Hendon London 393 139 88 620 6 4 2 11 12 8 4 23 Holborn and St Pancras London 3,905 954 482 5,341 56 29 9 94 110 61 21 193 Hornchurch and Upminster London 448 101 125 673 6 3 2 12 13 6 5 24 Hornsey and Wood Green London 631 126 158 915 9 4 3 16 18 8 7 32 Ilford North London 385 82 89 556 6 2 2 10 11 5 4 20 Ilford South London 262 81 46 389 4 2 1 7 8 5 2 14 Islington North London 587 98 130 816 9 3 2 14 17 6 6 28 Islington South and Finsbury London 2,442 606 247 3,295 35 19 5 58 68 41 11 119 Kensington London 1,632 336 546 2,514 24 9 10 43 47 21 22 90 Kingston and Surbiton London 1,165 223 315 1,703 17 6 6 29 34 13 14 61 Lewisham East London 349 68 58 476 5 2 1 8 11 4 2 17 Lewisham and Penge London 285 66 71 422 4 2 1 7 9 4 3 16 Lewisham, Deptford London 355 82 58 496 5 2 1 9 11 5 2 18 Leyton and Wanstead London 409 99 67 575 6 3 1 10 13 6 3 21 Mitcham and Morden London 349 82 96 527 5 2 2 9 11 5 4 20 Old Bexley and Sidcup London 388 123 69 581 6 4 1 11 11 9 3 23 Orpington London 428 120 115 663 6 3 2 12 12 7 5 24 Poplar and Limehouse London 1,131 409 66 1,606 16 14 1 31 32 33 3 67 Putney London 723 137 151 1,012 10 4 3 17 20 8 6 34 Richmond Park London 1,478 267 310 2,055 23 8 6 36 53 17 13 83 Romford London 797 150 142 1,089 11 4 3 18 22 9 6 37 Ruislip, Northwood and Pinner London 547 104 100 751 8 3 2 13 15 6 4 26 Streatham London 414 95 76 585 6 2 1 10 11 5 3 20 Sutton and Cheam London 640 139 125 903 9 4 2 15 18 8 5 31 63

Parliamentary constituency Region Employment Wages ( m) GVA ( m) Direct Indirect Induced TOTAL Direct Indirect Induced TOTAL Direct Indirect Induced TOTAL Tooting London 456 74 64 594 7 2 1 10 14 5 3 21 Tottenham London 316 105 92 513 5 3 2 9 10 6 4 20 Twickenham London 992 230 174 1,395 14 6 3 24 28 13 8 48 Uxbridge and South Ruislip London 588 255 83 926 9 8 2 18 17 15 4 36 Vauxhall London 1,709 389 227 2,325 25 11 4 39 48 22 10 79 Walthamstow London 273 88 68 429 4 2 1 8 8 6 3 17 Ham London 524 152 152 829 8 4 3 15 15 10 7 32 minster North London 1,045 171 256 1,472 15 5 5 25 29 11 11 51 Wimbledon London 812 218 169 1,199 12 6 3 21 23 12 8 43 Basildon and Billericay East 1,107 222 149 1,478 8 5 2 15 15 11 5 30 Bedford East 1,663 313 210 2,186 19 7 3 29 60 15 7 82 Braintree East 988 216 150 1,354 7 5 2 14 15 8 5 28 Brentwood and Ongar East 1,627 268 153 2,048 10 6 2 19 20 12 5 37 Broadland East 950 353 182 1,486 7 7 3 18 17 13 6 37 Broxbourne East 707 182 83 973 5 4 1 10 10 8 3 21 Bury St Edmunds East 1,935 469 250 2,654 28 10 4 42 96 21 8 126 Cambridge East 2,212 340 216 2,768 14 8 3 26 28 16 7 51 Castle Point East 492 74 77 642 3 2 1 6 6 3 3 12 Central Suffolk and North Ipswich East 747 347 132 1,226 6 7 2 15 15 12 5 32 Chelmsford East 1,533 235 189 1,957 10 5 3 18 19 11 7 37 Clacton East 663 90 114 867 4 2 2 8 8 4 4 16 Colchester East 981 195 137 1,312 7 4 2 13 13 9 5 26 Epping Forest East 1,203 193 134 1,530 8 4 2 14 15 8 5 27 Great Yarmouth East 1,285 243 227 1,755 9 5 3 17 17 10 7 33 Harlow East 1,094 163 110 1,368 7 4 2 12 14 7 4 25 Harwich and North Essex East 979 281 138 1,398 7 6 2 14 13 10 4 28 Hemel Hempstead East 1,197 236 165 1,598 8 5 3 16 17 10 6 33 Hertford and Stortford East 1,551 280 158 1,989 12 6 2 20 28 12 5 45 Hertsmere East 1,141 274 165 1,581 8 6 2 16 14 11 6 32 Hitchin and Harpenden East 1,579 252 157 1,988 10 5 2 18 19 10 5 35 Huntingdon East 1,361 264 157 1,783 9 6 2 17 17 12 6 35 64

Parliamentary constituency Region Employment Wages ( m) GVA ( m) Direct Indirect Induced TOTAL Direct Indirect Induced TOTAL Direct Indirect Induced TOTAL Ipswich East 1,370 232 153 1,755 9 5 2 17 17 12 5 35 Luton North East 343 61 32 437 2 1 0 4 4 3 1 8 Luton South East 1,570 357 169 2,095 18 8 3 28 56 17 6 78 Maldon East 1,164 185 150 1,500 8 4 2 15 18 8 5 31 Mid Bedfordshire East 1,316 357 203 1,875 9 7 3 19 17 12 6 36 Mid Norfolk East 620 335 121 1,076 4 7 2 13 9 11 4 24 North East Bedfordshire East 867 324 166 1,356 6 7 3 15 11 11 7 28 North East Cambridgeshire East 740 568 193 1,501 6 11 3 20 14 17 7 38 North East Hertfordshire East 1,217 203 154 1,575 8 4 2 15 15 8 5 29 North Norfolk East 954 235 259 1,448 6 5 4 15 13 8 8 28 North Cambridgeshire East 1,559 289 218 2,065 11 6 3 21 23 13 7 43 North Norfolk East 951 205 164 1,319 6 4 2 13 12 8 5 26 Norwich North East 561 134 84 780 4 3 1 8 8 7 3 17 Norwich South East 1,997 341 299 2,637 13 8 4 26 26 17 10 53 Peterborough East 1,209 290 162 1,661 8 6 2 17 16 12 6 33 Rayleigh and Wickford East 811 123 107 1,040 5 3 2 10 10 5 4 19 Rochford and Southend East East 1,465 182 198 1,844 10 4 3 17 18 9 7 34 Saffron Walden East 1,209 276 143 1,628 8 6 2 16 15 11 5 31 South Basildon and East Thurrock East 852 105 89 1,046 6 2 1 9 11 5 3 19 South Cambridgeshire East 1,052 269 84 1,406 7 6 1 14 14 11 3 27 South East Cambridgeshire East 1,046 302 121 1,470 7 7 2 15 14 12 4 31 South Norfolk East 819 276 119 1,214 6 6 2 13 11 9 4 25 South Suffolk East 1,144 234 194 1,572 8 5 3 15 15 9 6 31 South Bedfordshire East 1,037 187 175 1,399 7 4 3 14 13 8 6 28 South Hertfordshire East 1,517 237 185 1,939 10 5 3 18 21 11 6 38 South Norfolk East 678 401 176 1,255 5 8 3 15 9 12 6 27 Southend East 932 167 95 1,195 6 4 1 11 11 6 3 21 St Albans East 1,225 264 162 1,651 8 6 2 16 16 11 6 33 Stevenage East 1,089 167 103 1,359 7 4 2 13 14 8 4 25 Suffolk Coastal East 1,906 689 311 2,906 16 14 4 35 40 23 10 74 Thurrock East 770 186 172 1,127 5 4 3 12 11 8 6 24 65

Parliamentary constituency Region Local impact of the UK beer and pub sector Employment Wages ( m) GVA ( m) Direct Indirect Induced TOTAL Direct Indirect Induced TOTAL Direct Indirect Induced TOTAL Watford East 1,572 374 168 2,115 10 8 3 21 20 15 6 41 Waveney East 1,165 201 185 1,551 8 4 3 15 18 9 6 33 Welwyn Hatfield East 1,108 253 166 1,526 8 6 3 16 15 11 7 32 Suffolk East 1,095 388 277 1,760 7 8 4 19 14 13 9 36 Witham East 945 229 144 1,319 6 5 2 13 12 10 5 26 Bath South 1,297 230 197 1,724 10 5 3 18 19 10 6 35 Bournemouth East South 673 135 103 911 5 3 1 10 10 6 3 19 Bournemouth South 1,446 281 246 1,973 11 6 3 20 21 12 7 40 Bridgwater and Somerset South 1,320 290 228 1,838 10 6 3 19 19 12 7 37 Bristol East South 558 115 91 763 4 2 1 8 8 5 3 16 Bristol North South 418 137 71 626 4 3 1 7 7 6 2 15 Bristol South South 577 137 97 811 5 3 1 9 10 6 3 19 Bristol South 2,759 709 292 3,760 22 16 4 42 41 32 9 81 Camborne and Redruth South 1,016 183 192 1,391 8 4 3 15 15 8 6 29 Central Devon South 1,232 261 270 1,763 10 5 4 19 21 10 8 39 Cheltenham South 1,169 258 140 1,567 9 5 2 17 17 11 4 32 Chippenham South 1,016 217 146 1,378 8 5 2 15 16 9 4 30 Christchurch South 1,215 195 202 1,613 9 4 3 16 17 8 6 31 Devizes South 1,041 274 169 1,483 11 6 2 19 30 11 5 46 East Devon South 1,362 260 226 1,848 11 5 3 19 19 11 7 37 Exeter South 1,525 289 198 2,011 12 6 3 21 22 12 6 40 Filton and Bradley Stoke South 970 297 103 1,371 8 7 1 16 14 14 3 31 Forest of Dean South 593 199 95 887 5 4 1 10 9 7 3 19 Gloucester South 1,179 242 146 1,567 11 5 2 18 25 12 5 42 Kingswood South 933 174 138 1,245 7 4 2 13 14 7 4 25 Mid Dorset and North Poole South 729 149 94 972 6 3 1 10 11 6 3 20 Newton Abbot South 1,175 206 220 1,602 10 4 3 17 19 9 6 34 North Cornwall South 1,707 370 424 2,501 15 8 6 28 33 15 12 60 North Devon South 1,577 234 316 2,127 13 5 4 22 24 10 9 43 North Dorset South 1,088 301 202 1,591 13 6 3 22 36 12 7 55 North East Somerset South 976 153 140 1,268 8 3 2 13 14 7 4 25 66

Parliamentary constituency Region Local impact of the UK beer and pub sector Employment Wages ( m) GVA ( m) Direct Indirect Induced TOTAL Direct Indirect Induced TOTAL Direct Indirect Induced TOTAL North Somerset South 1,221 308 139 1,668 11 6 2 19 25 12 4 42 North Swindon South 937 218 161 1,316 9 5 2 16 20 9 5 34 North Wiltshire South 1,269 215 203 1,687 10 4 3 17 19 9 6 33 Plymouth, Moor View South 274 81 28 384 2 2 0 4 4 4 1 8 Plymouth, Sutton and Devonport South 1,870 278 257 2,405 15 6 3 24 26 12 7 46 Poole South 1,173 242 179 1,593 9 5 2 17 17 11 5 33 Salisbury South 1,240 309 211 1,759 10 6 3 20 20 12 7 39 Somerton and Frome South 1,169 295 220 1,685 10 6 3 19 19 12 7 38 South Dorset South 1,631 197 298 2,126 13 4 4 21 24 9 8 41 South East Cornwall South 1,060 227 284 1,571 8 5 4 17 15 9 8 32 South Swindon South 1,189 298 149 1,636 9 7 2 18 17 14 4 36 South Devon South 909 160 151 1,220 7 3 2 13 13 7 5 25 South Wiltshire South 979 316 204 1,499 8 6 3 17 15 12 6 33 St Austell and Newquay South 2,235 343 513 3,091 23 7 7 36 58 15 13 86 St Ives South 1,656 270 460 2,387 13 5 6 24 24 11 12 47 Stroud South 1,006 261 166 1,434 8 6 2 16 15 12 5 32 Taunton Deane South 1,394 282 215 1,892 12 6 3 21 24 12 6 42 Tewkesbury South 1,033 229 145 1,407 8 5 2 15 15 10 4 29 The Cotswolds South 1,728 413 343 2,483 14 8 5 27 27 15 10 52 Thornbury and Yate South 1,090 229 139 1,458 9 5 2 16 17 10 4 31 Tiverton and Honiton South 1,010 267 205 1,482 9 5 3 17 21 11 6 37 Torbay South 1,547 198 287 2,031 13 4 4 21 26 8 8 42 Torridge and Devon South 1,062 233 226 1,521 9 5 3 17 18 9 7 33 Totnes South 1,197 252 282 1,730 10 5 4 19 20 10 8 38 Truro and Falmouth South 1,651 283 279 2,213 14 6 4 23 28 12 8 48 Wells South 1,236 262 308 1,806 10 6 4 20 18 12 9 39 Dorset South 1,212 263 198 1,674 11 6 3 19 22 11 6 39 on-super-mare South 1,279 251 222 1,752 10 5 3 18 19 11 7 36 Yeovil South 1,112 246 157 1,515 9 5 2 16 17 10 5 32 Aldridge-Brownhills 587 217 101 905 6 4 1 11 16 8 3 27 Birmingham, Edgbaston 765 209 72 1,045 7 5 1 13 20 10 2 33 67

Parliamentary constituency Region Employment Wages ( m) GVA ( m) Direct Indirect Induced TOTAL Direct Indirect Induced TOTAL Direct Indirect Induced TOTAL Birmingham, Erdington 441 175 80 696 4 4 1 9 12 7 2 21 Birmingham, Hall Green 723 176 138 1,037 7 4 2 12 19 7 4 30 Birmingham, Hodge Hill 243 553 108 904 2 10 2 14 7 14 3 24 Birmingham, Ladywood 4,295 1,733 651 6,680 44 38 9 91 131 74 20 225 Birmingham, Northfield 460 137 96 693 4 3 1 9 12 6 3 21 Birmingham, Perry Barr 416 138 96 650 4 3 1 8 11 6 3 20 Birmingham, Selly Oak 366 135 72 573 4 3 1 7 10 5 2 18 Birmingham, Yardley 530 221 118 869 5 5 2 11 14 10 4 27 Bromsgrove 1,486 390 302 2,178 14 8 4 26 40 16 9 66 Burton 3,946 1,235 604 5,785 72 27 9 109 274 53 18 345 Cannock Chase 959 410 281 1,650 9 8 4 21 26 14 9 48 Coventry North East 641 252 124 1,017 6 5 2 13 18 11 4 33 Coventry North 629 160 108 897 6 3 2 11 17 7 3 27 Coventry South 987 521 157 1,666 9 11 2 23 26 21 5 52 Dudley North 569 271 88 929 6 5 1 13 20 9 3 31 Dudley South 704 239 213 1,156 7 5 3 15 21 10 7 37 Halesowen and Rowley Regis 554 177 137 867 5 4 2 11 15 7 4 27 Hereford and South Herefordshire 940 431 290 1,662 9 9 4 22 25 17 9 51 Kenilworth and Southam 1,090 386 142 1,619 10 8 2 21 29 15 4 49 Lichfield 1,124 379 221 1,724 11 8 3 22 32 15 7 55 Ludlow 1,020 490 349 1,859 11 10 5 26 32 17 11 60 Meriden 1,595 701 330 2,626 15 15 4 34 43 26 10 78 Mid Worcestershire 1,167 418 272 1,857 11 9 4 24 31 17 8 56 Newcastle-under-Lyme 1,090 326 237 1,653 10 7 3 21 29 13 7 50 North Herefordshire 621 511 242 1,374 7 11 4 21 23 18 7 48 North Shropshire 871 452 233 1,556 9 9 3 21 25 16 7 49 North Warwickshire 1,082 409 236 1,727 11 9 3 23 31 17 7 55 Nuneaton 704 196 146 1,046 7 4 2 13 19 8 4 32 Redditch 560 226 123 908 5 5 2 12 15 9 4 28 Rugby 1,003 368 168 1,539 9 8 2 20 27 15 5 48 Shrewsbury and Atcham 1,147 382 227 1,757 11 8 3 23 33 16 7 55 68

Parliamentary constituency Region Local impact of the UK beer and pub sector Employment Wages ( m) GVA ( m) Direct Indirect Induced TOTAL Direct Indirect Induced TOTAL Direct Indirect Induced TOTAL Solihull 1,290 378 169 1,837 12 8 2 23 35 16 5 56 South Staffordshire 1,103 343 203 1,649 11 7 3 21 31 13 6 50 Stafford 1,087 305 167 1,559 10 6 2 19 30 12 5 47 Staffordshire Moorlands 810 265 204 1,279 8 6 3 16 22 11 6 39 Stoke-on-Trent Central 979 343 184 1,506 10 7 3 20 26 15 5 46 Stoke-on-Trent North 511 151 135 797 5 3 2 10 15 7 4 26 Stoke-on-Trent South 587 167 168 922 6 4 3 12 16 7 5 28 Stone 925 289 204 1,418 9 6 3 18 25 11 6 43 Stourbridge 775 190 178 1,143 7 4 3 14 22 8 6 35 Stratford-on-Avon 1,692 626 508 2,825 17 13 7 37 48 23 15 86 Sutton Coldfield 1,105 290 250 1,644 10 6 4 20 30 12 8 50 Tamworth 985 314 261 1,560 9 6 4 19 26 13 8 47 Telford 660 358 136 1,153 6 7 2 16 18 14 4 36 The Wrekin 844 252 170 1,266 8 5 2 16 23 10 5 38 Walsall North 479 183 108 771 5 4 2 10 13 8 3 24 Walsall South 910 274 179 1,362 9 6 3 17 24 11 5 41 Warley 500 201 139 841 5 4 2 11 13 10 6 29 Warwick and Leamington 1,125 430 238 1,794 11 10 3 24 31 20 8 58 Bromwich East 574 199 99 871 5 4 1 11 15 8 3 27 Bromwich 734 302 160 1,197 7 6 2 16 20 13 5 38 Worcestershire 843 353 208 1,403 8 7 3 18 23 13 6 43 Wolverhampton North East 529 194 79 802 5 4 1 11 15 9 2 26 Wolverhampton South East 364 149 110 623 4 3 2 8 10 6 3 19 Wolverhampton South 2,088 534 286 2,908 37 12 4 53 137 23 9 169 Worcester 1,113 358 194 1,664 11 8 3 21 30 15 6 51 Wyre Forest 828 286 229 1,342 8 6 3 17 22 11 7 40 Amber Valley East 697 178 97 971 7 4 1 12 13 8 3 24 Ashfield East 724 190 115 1,028 7 4 2 13 13 8 4 24 Bassetlaw East 826 235 173 1,234 9 5 3 16 17 10 6 32 Bolsover East 553 148 124 825 5 3 2 11 10 6 4 20 Boston and Skegness East 1,177 407 294 1,879 13 8 4 26 31 14 9 53 69

Parliamentary constituency Region Local impact of the UK beer and pub sector Employment Wages ( m) GVA ( m) Direct Indirect Induced TOTAL Direct Indirect Induced TOTAL Direct Indirect Induced TOTAL Bosworth East 916 212 137 1,264 9 4 2 15 16 9 4 29 Broxtowe East 862 184 167 1,212 9 4 2 15 17 8 5 30 Charnwood East 759 175 135 1,068 7 4 2 13 13 8 4 25 Chesterfield East 945 206 167 1,318 9 4 3 16 17 9 5 31 Corby East 762 341 212 1,315 8 8 3 18 14 15 7 36 Daventry East 967 248 179 1,394 9 5 3 17 17 10 6 33 Derby North East 648 158 84 890 7 3 1 11 13 6 3 22 Derby South East 1,361 321 135 1,817 13 7 2 22 24 13 4 41 Derbyshire Dales East 1,351 290 279 1,919 14 6 4 25 31 12 8 51 Erewash East 706 135 127 969 7 3 2 12 13 6 4 23 Gainsborough East 577 276 143 996 6 6 2 14 10 9 5 23 Gedling East 725 127 124 976 7 3 2 12 13 5 4 22 Grantham and Stamford East 1,020 241 213 1,473 11 5 3 19 21 10 7 38 Harborough East 738 183 165 1,086 7 4 2 13 13 7 5 26 High Peak East 856 163 157 1,176 9 3 2 14 17 7 5 28 Kettering East 729 187 136 1,052 7 4 2 13 13 8 4 26 Leicester East East 213 77 37 327 2 2 1 4 4 3 1 9 Leicester South East 1,335 324 201 1,860 13 7 3 22 23 15 6 44 Leicester East 280 136 61 477 3 3 1 7 5 6 2 13 Lincoln East 1,034 275 200 1,509 10 6 3 19 18 11 6 35 Loughborough East 942 275 170 1,387 9 6 2 17 17 10 6 32 Louth and Horncastle East 683 194 157 1,035 7 4 2 13 13 7 5 24 Mansfield East 1,073 211 221 1,505 13 4 3 21 33 9 7 49 Mid Derbyshire East 545 102 93 740 5 2 1 9 10 4 3 17 Newark East 1,046 257 207 1,510 11 5 3 19 21 11 7 39 North East Derbyshire East 637 237 143 1,017 6 5 2 13 12 8 5 24 North Leicestershire East 782 308 160 1,250 8 7 2 17 14 14 5 33 Northampton North East 450 149 63 662 4 3 1 8 8 7 2 17 Northampton South East 1,417 386 273 2,075 21 8 4 33 64 16 9 89 Nottingham East East 720 201 108 1,028 7 4 2 13 13 9 3 25 Nottingham North East 253 75 55 383 3 2 1 5 5 3 2 10 70

Parliamentary constituency Region Local impact of the UK beer and pub sector Employment Wages ( m) GVA ( m) Direct Indirect Induced TOTAL Direct Indirect Induced TOTAL Direct Indirect Induced TOTAL Nottingham South East 2,222 673 338 3,232 23 13 5 40 44 25 11 79 Rushcliffe East 798 234 146 1,178 8 5 2 15 14 9 4 28 Rutland and Melton East 973 290 227 1,490 10 6 3 19 19 11 7 37 Sherwood East 784 223 173 1,180 8 5 2 15 14 8 5 26 Sleaford and North Hykeham East 763 557 274 1,593 8 12 4 23 14 16 9 39 South Derbyshire East 818 179 122 1,119 8 4 2 14 15 7 4 26 South Holland and The Deepings East 481 261 132 874 5 5 2 12 9 10 4 23 South Leicestershire East 995 371 196 1,563 12 8 3 23 28 16 6 51 South Northamptonshire East 869 302 168 1,339 9 7 2 18 16 13 5 35 Wellingborough East 631 179 153 964 6 4 2 12 11 8 5 24 Barnsley Central 861 201 96 1,158 6 4 1 11 11 7 3 21 Barnsley East 418 89 55 562 3 2 1 6 7 4 2 12 Batley and Spen 829 186 124 1,139 6 4 2 11 11 8 4 22 Beverley and Holderness 1,193 225 143 1,561 8 5 2 15 15 8 4 28 Bradford East 421 194 75 691 3 4 1 8 6 7 2 15 Bradford South 526 150 78 754 4 3 1 8 7 7 2 16 Bradford 872 231 111 1,214 6 5 2 13 13 10 3 26 Brigg and Goole 842 318 138 1,299 6 6 2 14 12 10 4 26 Calder Valley 1,097 283 137 1,517 8 5 2 15 17 10 4 31 Cleethorpes 1,028 204 121 1,353 7 5 2 13 13 9 3 26 Colne Valley 717 137 87 941 5 3 1 9 11 5 3 19 Dewsbury 908 151 116 1,176 6 3 2 11 12 6 4 22 Don Valley 575 171 94 839 4 3 1 9 7 6 3 16 Doncaster Central 1,850 327 230 2,407 13 7 3 23 24 13 7 43 Doncaster North 598 119 79 796 4 3 1 8 8 4 2 15 71

Parliamentary constituency East Yorkshire Elmet and Rothwell Great Grimsby Halifax Haltemprice and Howden Harrogate and Knaresborough Hemsworth Huddersfield Keighley Kingston upon Hull East Kingston upon Hull North Kingston upon Hull and Hessle Leeds Central Leeds East Leeds North East Leeds North Leeds Morley and Outwood Normanton, Pontefract and Castleford Penistone and Stocksbridge Pudsey Richmond (Yorks) Region Employment Wages ( m) GVA ( m) Direct Indirect Induced TOTAL Direct Indirect Induced TOTAL Direct Indirect Induced TOTAL 1,227 382 304 1,913 8 7 4 20 16 12 9 36 1,044 276 138 1,458 9 6 2 17 24 10 4 38 1,005 297 149 1,451 7 6 2 15 13 11 5 28 1,152 224 117 1,492 8 5 2 14 15 10 3 29 970 281 134 1,384 7 5 2 14 13 9 4 25 1,008 273 183 1,464 8 6 2 16 16 11 5 31 533 159 90 781 4 3 1 8 7 6 3 16 1,269 200 191 1,661 9 4 3 16 17 8 6 31 1,064 207 168 1,439 10 4 2 17 29 8 5 42 694 161 78 933 5 3 1 9 9 7 2 19 1,032 115 114 1,261 7 2 2 11 14 5 3 22 1,811 491 250 2,552 12 9 4 25 23 17 7 47 4,345 1,135 436 5,916 33 24 6 64 73 48 13 134 448 77 48 572 3 2 1 5 6 3 1 10 571 96 62 729 4 2 1 7 7 4 2 13 1,319 209 174 1,702 9 4 2 16 18 8 5 30 526 124 80 730 4 2 1 7 7 5 2 15 1,110 318 167 1,595 11 7 2 20 29 13 5 48 960 227 169 1,355 7 5 2 14 13 10 5 28 1,025 184 126 1,335 7 4 2 12 13 7 4 24 891 221 116 1,228 6 5 2 13 11 9 3 24 1,684 952 425 3,062 12 17 6 35 26 26 12 64 72

Parliamentary constituency Region Employment Wages ( m) GVA ( m) Direct Indirect Induced TOTAL Direct Indirect Induced TOTAL Direct Indirect Induced TOTAL Rother Valley 896 166 94 1,156 6 3 1 11 11 6 3 21 Rotherham 920 185 90 1,195 6 4 1 11 12 7 3 21 Scarborough and Whitby 1,721 404 359 2,484 12 8 5 24 22 13 9 44 Scunthorpe 893 233 101 1,228 6 5 1 12 12 9 3 23 Selby and Ainsty 1,648 625 236 2,509 23 13 3 39 76 24 7 107 Sheffield Central 3,243 536 291 4,070 23 11 4 38 45 23 8 76 Sheffield South East 896 306 193 1,395 6 6 3 15 12 12 6 30 Sheffield, Brightside and Hillsborough 353 79 39 471 3 2 1 5 6 3 1 10 Sheffield, Hallam 796 121 88 1,004 6 3 1 9 12 5 2 19 Sheffield, Heeley 439 78 82 599 3 2 1 6 6 3 2 11 Shipley 847 207 117 1,170 6 4 2 12 12 8 3 24 Skipton and Ripon 2,122 608 404 3,133 18 12 5 35 43 21 11 75 Thirsk and Malton 1,520 607 373 2,500 11 11 5 27 21 18 10 49 Wakefield 1,341 247 144 1,732 10 5 2 17 20 10 4 33 Wentworth and Dearne 773 179 118 1,069 6 3 2 11 11 7 4 21 York Central 2,675 407 363 3,445 18 8 5 32 35 16 10 61 York Outer 822 216 131 1,168 6 4 2 12 11 8 4 23 Altrincham and Sale North 729 225 96 1,050 6 5 1 12 11 10 3 24 Ashton-under-Lyne North 952 136 125 1,214 7 3 2 12 14 6 4 24 Barrow and Furness North 888 142 91 1,121 7 3 1 12 16 6 3 25 Birkenhead North 604 126 85 816 5 3 1 9 10 6 3 18 Blackburn North 1,306 341 152 1,799 25 8 2 35 93 17 5 115 Blackley and Broughton North 432 125 52 609 6 3 1 9 17 6 2 24 Blackpool North and Cleveleys North 1,030 120 123 1,273 8 3 2 12 15 5 3 24 73

Parliamentary constituency Region Local impact of the UK beer and pub sector Employment Wages ( m) GVA ( m) Direct Indirect Induced TOTAL Direct Indirect Induced TOTAL Direct Indirect Induced TOTAL Blackpool South North 1,828 235 467 2,530 14 5 6 25 28 10 14 52 Bolton North East North 676 153 102 931 6 3 1 10 12 7 3 22 Bolton South East North 915 165 133 1,213 7 3 2 12 14 7 4 25 Bolton North 748 169 144 1,061 6 4 2 12 12 8 5 24 Bootle North 819 150 78 1,047 6 3 1 11 12 7 3 22 Burnley North 839 145 136 1,120 7 3 2 12 13 7 4 24 Bury North North 890 150 119 1,159 7 3 2 12 14 7 4 25 Bury South North 700 123 101 923 5 3 1 9 11 5 3 19 Carlisle North 1,155 229 181 1,566 9 5 2 16 18 11 6 34 Cheadle North 900 162 114 1,176 7 3 2 12 14 7 4 25 Chorley North 1,052 181 152 1,386 8 4 2 14 16 8 5 28 City of Chester North 2,265 367 324 2,956 18 8 4 30 34 17 10 61 Congleton North 968 160 149 1,277 8 3 2 13 16 8 5 28 Copeland North 1,083 148 78 1,309 8 3 1 13 17 7 2 25 Crewe and Nantwich North 1,114 343 169 1,626 9 7 2 18 17 14 5 36 Denton and Reddish North 633 124 129 886 5 3 2 9 10 5 4 20 Eddisbury North 1,120 194 154 1,468 9 4 2 15 18 9 5 32 Ellesmere Port and Neston North 973 164 173 1,310 8 4 2 14 15 8 5 28 Fylde North 1,145 211 104 1,460 9 5 1 15 17 10 3 30 Garston and Halewood North 499 135 74 709 4 3 1 8 8 6 2 16 Halton North 827 154 115 1,096 6 3 2 11 13 7 4 23 Hazel Grove North 792 155 149 1,096 8 3 2 14 23 8 5 36 Heywood and Middleton North 947 189 133 1,268 10 4 2 15 25 8 4 38 Hyndburn North 736 129 141 1,006 6 3 2 11 12 6 5 23 Knowsley North 528 175 75 778 4 4 1 9 8 9 2 20 Lancaster and Fleetwood North 1,098 179 142 1,419 9 4 2 14 18 8 4 31 Leigh North 1,138 214 172 1,524 12 5 2 19 32 10 5 47 Liverpool, Riverside North 4,649 709 572 5,930 36 15 8 59 70 32 17 120 Liverpool, Walton North 570 84 71 725 5 2 1 7 9 4 2 15 Liverpool, Wavertree North 754 120 84 958 6 3 1 9 11 6 3 20 Liverpool, Derby North 527 55 48 631 4 1 1 6 8 2 2 12 74

Parliamentary constituency Region Local impact of the UK beer and pub sector Employment Wages ( m) GVA ( m) Direct Indirect Induced TOTAL Direct Indirect Induced TOTAL Direct Indirect Induced TOTAL Macclesfield North 1,155 205 144 1,503 9 4 2 16 19 9 4 32 Makerfield North 598 109 86 793 5 2 1 8 9 5 3 16 Manchester Central North 5,909 1,254 657 7,820 53 27 8 88 125 57 19 201 Manchester, Gorton North 407 73 72 553 3 2 1 6 6 3 2 12 Manchester, Withington North 1,383 169 180 1,732 10 4 2 16 20 8 5 33 Morecambe and Lunesdale North 857 141 133 1,130 7 3 2 12 14 7 4 26 Oldham East and Saddleworth North 779 122 95 996 6 3 1 10 12 5 3 20 Oldham and Royton North 1,108 189 171 1,468 9 4 2 15 17 9 5 31 Pendle North 517 138 83 738 4 3 1 8 8 7 3 18 Penrith and The Border North 1,117 239 203 1,560 9 5 3 16 18 10 6 34 Preston North 1,268 241 198 1,707 10 5 3 18 20 11 6 37 Ribble Valley North 1,450 306 169 1,925 16 7 2 26 48 15 5 69 Rochdale North 790 141 115 1,047 6 3 2 11 12 7 4 23 Rossendale and Darwen North 637 119 89 845 5 3 1 9 11 5 3 19 Salford and Eccles North 881 346 113 1,340 7 8 2 16 14 16 4 34 Sefton Central North 937 115 193 1,245 7 2 3 12 14 5 6 25 South Ribble North 779 155 128 1,063 6 3 2 11 12 7 4 23 Southport North 890 132 162 1,184 7 3 2 12 14 6 5 25 St Helens North North 674 115 88 876 5 2 1 9 11 5 3 18 St Helens South and Whiston North 1,299 210 181 1,689 11 4 3 18 23 9 6 38 Stalybridge and Hyde North 719 112 110 942 6 2 2 10 11 5 4 20 Stockport North 1,116 293 142 1,552 11 7 2 19 28 15 5 48 Stretford and Urmston North 909 338 212 1,458 9 7 3 19 16 15 7 38 Tatton North 1,348 345 215 1,907 11 8 3 21 21 16 7 44 Wallasey North 741 111 92 945 6 2 1 9 11 5 3 19 Warrington North North 929 267 172 1,368 8 6 2 16 16 13 6 34 Warrington South North 1,647 343 189 2,180 13 7 3 22 25 15 6 45 Weaver Vale North 994 232 134 1,360 11 5 2 18 30 11 4 45 Lancashire North 1,005 211 151 1,367 8 4 2 14 16 9 5 30 morland and Lonsdale North 2,039 276 480 2,795 17 6 6 29 36 13 13 62 Wigan North 1,196 244 184 1,625 10 5 3 17 20 11 6 36 75

Parliamentary constituency Region Employment Wages ( m) GVA ( m) Direct Indirect Induced TOTAL Direct Indirect Induced TOTAL Direct Indirect Induced TOTAL Wirral South North 824 140 101 1,065 6 3 1 11 13 6 3 22 Wirral North 673 76 76 825 5 2 1 8 10 3 2 16 Workington North 661 139 102 902 6 3 1 10 15 6 3 24 Worsley and Eccles South North 805 127 144 1,077 6 3 2 11 12 6 4 23 Wyre and Preston North North 1,350 188 162 1,700 10 4 2 16 20 8 5 34 Wythenshawe and Sale East North 787 254 86 1,127 6 6 1 13 12 12 3 26 Berwick-upon-Tweed North East 759 484 370 1,613 8 9 4 22 15 16 10 41 Bishop Auckland North East 512 217 135 864 6 4 2 12 10 7 4 21 Blaydon North East 841 226 249 1,316 9 5 3 17 17 9 7 33 Blyth Valley North East 501 138 109 749 6 3 1 10 10 5 3 18 City of Durham North East 904 216 127 1,248 11 4 2 17 23 8 3 34 Darlington North East 656 252 122 1,029 7 5 2 14 13 10 3 26 Easington North East 259 114 57 431 3 2 1 6 5 5 2 11 Gateshead North East 483 191 68 742 5 4 1 10 10 8 2 19 Hartlepool North East 767 245 146 1,158 10 5 2 17 23 10 4 37 Hexham North East 819 615 277 1,711 9 11 3 24 18 17 7 42 Houghton and Sunderland South North East 300 151 52 503 4 3 1 7 8 7 1 16 Jarrow North East 489 125 77 691 5 3 1 9 9 5 2 17 Middlesbrough North East 851 238 149 1,238 9 5 2 16 17 10 4 30 Middlesbrough South and East Cleveland North East 486 110 84 679 5 2 1 9 10 5 2 17 Newcastle upon Tyne Central North East 3,053 698 559 4,311 34 14 7 54 59 27 16 101 Newcastle upon Tyne East North East 742 218 99 1,059 8 5 1 14 15 9 3 26 Newcastle upon Tyne North North East 594 192 121 908 7 4 1 12 12 8 3 23 North Durham North East 475 119 117 711 5 2 1 9 9 5 3 17 North Tyneside North East 736 245 129 1,110 8 5 2 15 15 10 4 28 North Durham North East 421 178 109 708 5 3 1 10 9 6 3 18 Redcar North East 619 183 100 902 7 4 1 12 12 7 3 22 Sedgefield North East 558 165 100 822 6 3 1 11 11 7 3 20 South Shields North East 696 175 128 1,000 8 3 2 13 13 6 4 23 Stockton North North East 724 201 113 1,038 8 4 1 14 14 8 3 25 Stockton South North East 670 232 140 1,041 8 5 2 14 15 9 4 28 76

Parliamentary constituency Region Employment Wages ( m) GVA ( m) Direct Indirect Induced TOTAL Direct Indirect Induced TOTAL Direct Indirect Induced TOTAL Sunderland Central North East 1,182 267 227 1,676 13 5 3 21 23 10 6 39 Tynemouth North East 892 286 168 1,346 10 6 2 18 18 11 5 34 Wansbeck North East 431 111 73 615 5 2 1 8 9 5 2 16 Washington and Sunderland North East 535 177 68 780 6 4 1 10 10 7 2 19 Aberavon Wales 549 111 44 704 4 2 1 7 6 4 1 12 Aberconwy Wales 930 145 176 1,250 6 3 2 11 11 5 4 20 Alyn and Deeside Wales 654 199 57 910 4 4 1 9 7 8 2 17 Arfon Wales 886 168 103 1,157 6 3 1 10 10 6 3 18 Blaenau Gwent Wales 499 101 62 663 4 2 1 7 9 4 2 14 Brecon and Radnorshire Wales 865 226 151 1,242 6 4 2 12 10 7 4 21 Bridgend Wales 1,119 188 98 1,405 7 4 1 12 12 7 3 22 Caerphilly Wales 745 147 68 960 5 3 1 9 9 6 2 17 Cardiff Central Wales 2,977 474 382 3,833 20 9 5 34 32 19 10 60 Cardiff North Wales 1,062 213 95 1,370 10 4 1 15 25 9 3 37 Cardiff South and Penarth Wales 1,203 347 132 1,682 12 7 2 21 32 15 4 50 Cardiff Wales 817 142 92 1,050 6 3 1 9 9 5 2 17 Carmarthen East and Dinefwr Wales 429 165 70 663 3 3 1 7 6 6 2 13 Carmarthen and South Pembrokeshire Wales 969 190 160 1,320 7 4 2 12 11 7 4 22 Ceredigion Wales 783 243 144 1,171 5 5 2 12 9 8 4 20 Clwyd South Wales 414 116 69 600 3 2 1 6 5 4 2 11 Clwyd Wales 679 146 99 924 5 3 1 9 9 5 2 16 Cynon Valley Wales 415 68 46 528 3 1 1 5 5 3 1 9 Delyn Wales 700 143 72 915 5 3 1 8 8 5 2 15 Dwyfor Meirionnydd Wales 1,084 185 253 1,522 7 3 3 14 13 6 6 25 Gower Wales 887 147 133 1,167 6 3 2 11 11 5 3 20 Islwyn Wales 441 83 48 571 3 2 1 5 5 3 1 9 Llanelli Wales 770 137 99 1,006 6 3 1 10 13 5 3 21 Merthyr Tydfil and Rhymney Wales 503 105 68 675 3 2 1 6 6 4 2 11 Monmouth Wales 1,165 213 153 1,531 8 4 2 14 13 8 4 24 Montgomeryshire Wales 541 172 94 807 4 3 1 8 6 6 2 14 Neath Wales 419 87 63 569 3 2 1 5 5 3 2 10 77

Parliamentary constituency Region Local impact of the UK beer and pub sector Employment Wages ( m) GVA ( m) Direct Indirect Induced TOTAL Direct Indirect Induced TOTAL Direct Indirect Induced TOTAL Newport East Wales 894 205 140 1,239 14 4 2 20 46 9 4 59 Newport Wales 1,355 255 128 1,738 9 5 2 16 16 10 3 30 Ogmore Wales 542 102 69 713 4 2 1 7 6 4 2 12 Pontypridd Wales 747 132 68 947 5 3 1 9 8 5 2 16 Preseli Pembrokeshire Wales 726 176 102 1,004 5 3 1 9 8 6 3 17 Rhondda Wales 327 52 49 428 2 1 1 4 4 2 1 7 Swansea East Wales 702 194 86 982 6 4 1 11 12 8 2 22 Swansea Wales 1,688 258 179 2,124 11 5 2 18 18 9 5 32 Torfaen Wales 573 134 62 769 4 3 1 8 7 5 2 14 Vale of Clwyd Wales 751 130 72 953 5 3 1 9 10 5 2 16 Vale of Glamorgan Wales 1,150 185 141 1,475 8 4 2 13 13 7 4 23 Wrexham Wales 1,083 215 124 1,423 7 4 2 13 12 8 3 24 Ynys Mon Wales 789 161 117 1,067 5 3 1 10 9 6 3 17 Aberdeen North Scotland 998 209 133 1,341 11 5 2 17 20 10 4 34 Aberdeen South Scotland 891 339 122 1,351 9 8 2 20 18 18 4 39 Airdrie and Shotts Scotland 374 121 68 563 4 3 1 8 8 6 2 15 Angus Scotland 514 125 117 756 5 3 2 10 10 6 4 20 Argyll and Bute Scotland 1,259 243 230 1,732 14 5 3 22 27 11 7 45 Ayr, Carrick and Cumnock Scotland 759 136 161 1,056 8 3 2 13 15 6 5 27 Banff and Buchan Scotland 455 182 109 746 5 4 2 10 9 8 4 21 Berwickshire, Roxburgh and Selkirk Scotland 535 141 107 782 6 3 2 10 11 6 3 21 Caithness, Sutherland and Easter Ross Scotland 320 97 65 482 3 2 1 6 6 5 2 13 Central Ayrshire Scotland 748 147 135 1,030 8 3 2 13 15 7 4 26 Coatbridge, Chryston and Bellshill Scotland 601 254 115 970 6 6 2 14 12 14 4 30 Cumbernauld, Kilsyth and Kirkintilloch East Scotland 415 89 53 557 4 2 1 7 8 4 2 14 Dumfries and Galloway Scotland 745 170 177 1,091 8 4 2 14 15 8 6 28 Dumfriesshire, Clydesdale and Tweeddale Scotland 623 149 130 902 7 3 2 12 14 7 4 25 Dundee East Scotland 423 100 95 618 5 2 1 8 9 5 3 16 Dundee Scotland 691 161 113 965 7 4 2 12 14 7 4 25 78

Parliamentary constituency Region Employment Wages ( m) GVA ( m) Direct Indirect Induced TOTAL Direct Indirect Induced TOTAL Direct Indirect Induced TOTAL Dunfermline and Fife Scotland 816 186 120 1,123 9 4 2 15 16 9 4 30 East Dunbartonshire Scotland 281 73 64 419 3 2 1 6 6 3 2 11 East Kilbride, Strathaven and Lesmahagow Scotland 557 161 111 829 6 4 2 11 11 8 4 23 East Lothian Scotland 808 166 134 1,108 14 4 2 20 47 8 4 60 East Renfrewshire Scotland 236 63 55 354 3 1 1 5 5 3 2 10 Edinburgh East Scotland 1,634 279 278 2,190 17 6 4 27 32 13 8 54 Edinburgh North and Leith Scotland 2,098 550 323 2,970 22 13 4 39 42 27 10 79 Edinburgh South Scotland 265 62 30 357 3 1 0 5 5 3 1 9 Edinburgh South Scotland 1,071 377 110 1,558 21 9 2 31 71 21 4 95 Edinburgh Scotland 470 206 99 774 5 5 1 11 9 10 3 23 Falkirk Scotland 517 125 89 731 6 3 1 9 10 6 3 19 Glasgow Central Scotland 4,050 1,162 557 5,768 42 26 8 76 79 55 18 151 Glasgow East Scotland 489 144 127 761 5 3 2 10 10 7 4 21 Glasgow North Scotland 867 137 112 1,116 9 3 2 14 17 6 4 27 Glasgow North East Scotland 715 258 72 1,045 16 6 1 22 59 12 2 73 Glasgow North Scotland 245 77 35 357 3 2 0 5 5 4 1 10 Glasgow South Scotland 426 70 63 559 4 2 1 7 8 3 2 14 Glasgow South Scotland 237 83 45 366 3 2 1 5 5 4 1 10 Glenrothes Scotland 412 132 64 609 4 3 1 9 8 8 2 18 Gordon Scotland 555 265 85 905 6 7 1 14 11 14 3 28 Inverclyde Scotland 375 108 64 547 4 2 1 7 7 5 2 15 Inverness, Nairn, Badenoch and Strathspey Scotland 1,067 238 221 1,526 11 5 3 20 22 11 7 40 Kilmarnock and Loudoun Scotland 567 138 88 793 6 3 1 10 11 6 3 20 Kirkcaldy and Cowdenbeath Scotland 567 127 114 808 6 3 2 10 11 6 4 21 Lanark and Hamilton East Scotland 608 178 106 892 6 4 1 12 12 9 3 25 Linlithgow and East Falkirk Scotland 441 162 100 702 5 4 1 10 9 8 3 20 Livingston Scotland 615 259 117 991 11 6 2 19 38 13 4 54 Midlothian Scotland 371 101 79 550 4 2 1 8 9 5 3 16 Moray Scotland 530 197 133 860 6 5 2 12 11 11 4 26 Motherwell and Wishaw Scotland 457 97 76 630 5 2 1 8 9 4 2 16 Na h-eileanan An Iar Scotland 149 43 28 220 2 1 0 3 3 2 1 6 79

Parliamentary constituency Region Employment Wages ( m) GVA ( m) Direct Indirect Induced TOTAL Direct Indirect Induced TOTAL Direct Indirect Induced TOTAL North Ayrshire and Arran Scotland 724 133 133 989 8 3 2 13 16 6 4 26 North East Fife Scotland 905 141 234 1,280 10 3 3 16 18 6 7 32 Ochil and South Perthshire Scotland 621 154 158 934 8 4 2 14 19 8 5 32 Orkney and Shetland Scotland 389 112 69 570 4 2 1 8 10 5 2 17 Paisley and Renfrewshire North Scotland 522 209 135 867 6 5 2 12 11 10 5 25 Paisley and Renfrewshire South Scotland 539 102 64 706 6 2 1 9 11 5 2 17 Perth and North Perthshire Scotland 844 215 203 1,262 9 5 3 17 18 10 6 35 Ross, Skye and Lochaber Scotland 603 138 136 877 7 3 2 12 14 6 4 24 Rutherglen and Hamilton Scotland 574 156 88 818 6 3 1 11 11 8 3 22 Stirling Scotland 790 200 168 1,158 9 4 2 15 17 9 5 32 Aberdeenshire and Kincardine Scotland 561 189 81 831 6 5 1 12 12 9 3 24 Dunbartonshire Scotland 461 121 87 669 5 3 1 9 9 7 3 19 Belfast East Northern Ireland 619 216 73 908 5 4 1 10 9 9 2 20 Belfast North Northern Ireland 760 224 114 1,099 8 4 1 14 22 9 3 34 Belfast South Northern Ireland 2,176 513 268 2,957 20 10 3 33 45 20 7 73 Belfast Northern Ireland 361 103 57 521 3 2 1 6 5 4 2 11 East Antrim Northern Ireland 426 100 65 591 3 2 1 6 6 4 2 12 East Londonderry Northern Ireland 743 147 142 1,031 6 3 2 10 11 6 4 20 Fermanagh and South Tyrone Northern Ireland 637 201 126 964 5 4 2 10 9 8 4 21 Foyle Northern Ireland 700 162 106 968 6 3 1 10 10 6 3 19 Lagan Valley Northern Ireland 462 155 99 716 4 3 1 8 7 6 3 16 Mid Ulster Northern Ireland 438 138 78 654 4 3 1 7 7 6 2 15 Newry and Armagh Northern Ireland 570 166 101 836 5 3 1 9 8 6 3 18 North Antrim Northern Ireland 607 170 109 885 5 3 1 9 9 7 3 19 North Down Northern Ireland 580 105 113 797 5 2 1 8 8 4 3 15 South Antrim Northern Ireland 582 192 84 858 6 4 1 10 14 7 3 24 South Down Northern Ireland 589 149 101 840 5 3 1 9 9 5 3 17 Strangford Northern Ireland 464 108 99 670 4 2 1 7 7 4 3 14 Upper Bann Northern Ireland 557 190 106 853 5 4 1 9 8 7 3 19 Tyrone Northern Ireland 378 114 65 556 3 2 1 6 6 4 2 12 80

ANNEX B (PART 2): LOCAL IMPACT OF THE BEER AND PUB SECTOR AT PARLIAMENTARY CONSTITUENCY LEVEL Parliamentary constituency Region Direct employment by age Direct employment by status U25 25-44 45+ FT PT Net CAPEX ( m) Corp /NIC Total estimates ( m) Excise duty, VAT and excise duty on other drinks Bus. Corp Direct estimates Aldershot South East 462 295 184 430 510 2.2 1.2 1.9 6.3 0.6 0.3 0.2 5.0 0.6 Arundel and South Downs South East 737 468 299 697 807 4.8 2.2 3.3 13.9 1.4 1.2 0.7 11.1 1.4 Ashford South East 667 419 262 614 735 3.3 2.3 3.5 11.6 1.3 0.7 0.3 8.8 1.3 Aylesbury South East 497 313 196 457 549 2.4 1.4 2.1 8.5 0.9 0.5 0.2 6.7 0.9 Banbury South East 740 473 303 698 818 4.6 2.6 3.8 19.1 1.7 1.2 0.6 15.8 1.7 Basingstoke South East 474 305 194 445 528 2.6 1.5 2.3 7.1 0.6 0.4 0.3 5.7 0.6 Beaconsfield South East 756 474 295 693 832 3.6 2.0 2.8 11.1 1.2 0.6 0.2 8.6 1.2 Bexhill and Battle South East 373 236 147 345 411 1.8 1.3 1.6 9.2 1.2 0.5 0.1 7.2 1.2 Bognor Regis and Littlehampton South East 445 282 176 413 490 2.3 1.2 1.5 6.7 0.7 0.4 0.2 5.3 0.7 Bracknell South East 516 325 205 476 569 2.6 1.3 2.0 5.9 0.5 0.4 0.3 4.7 0.5 Brighton, Kemptown South East 488 308 191 451 534 2.4 1.0 1.2 7.1 0.9 0.5 0.2 5.6 0.9 Brighton, Pavilion South East 1,37 9 858 529 1,257 1,509 6.4 3.1 3.7 17.0 2.0 1.0 0.3 13.2 2.0 Buckingham South East 463 292 184 431 509 2.6 1.8 2.3 12.7 1.6 0.9 0.3 9.9 1.6 Canterbury South East 826 518 323 759 908 4.0 2.1 2.6 13.5 1.6 0.8 0.3 10.6 1.6 Chatham and Aylesford South East 148 98 63 142 168 0.8 0.7 1.1 4.3 0.4 0.2 0.1 3.4 0.4 Chesham and Amersham South East 396 250 156 365 436 1.9 1.2 1.7 8.6 1.0 0.5 0.2 6.7 1.0 Chichester South East 812 511 318 749 892 4.0 2.4 3.4 14.0 1.6 0.9 0.3 10.8 1.6 Crawley South East 574 371 234 541 639 2.8 1.8 2.8 7.5 0.6 0.4 0.3 6.0 0.6 Dartford South East 534 339 214 494 592 2.7 1.5 2.1 8.1 0.8 0.5 0.3 6.5 0.8 /NIC Excise duty and VAT Bus. 81

Parliamentary constituency Region Direct employment by age Direct employment by status U25 25-44 45+ FT PT Net CAPEX ( m) Corp /NIC Total estimates ( m) Excise duty, VAT and excise duty on other drinks Bus. Corp Direct estimates Dover South East 500 311 192 456 547 2.4 1.4 1.6 11.0 1.5 0.7 0.1 8.6 1.5 East Hampshire South East 547 345 216 507 601 2.9 1.8 2.7 45.3 1.2 0.7 0.3 43.0 1.2 East Surrey South East 779 482 297 707 851 3.6 1.7 2.4 9.3 1.1 0.5 0.2 7.1 1.1 East Worthing and Shoreham South East 352 221 138 323 388 1.7 1.0 1.5 5.3 0.6 0.3 0.1 4.1 0.6 Eastbourne South East 440 281 176 410 487 2.1 1.1 1.4 6.5 0.6 0.4 0.2 5.2 0.6 Eastleigh South East 592 372 232 544 653 2.8 1.4 2.2 6.9 0.6 0.4 0.2 5.4 0.6 Epsom and Ewell South East 547 341 211 499 601 2.5 1.2 1.7 5.3 0.5 0.3 0.2 4.1 0.5 Esher and Walton South East 678 424 263 621 744 3.2 1.5 2.3 7.4 0.8 0.4 0.2 5.7 0.8 Fareham South East 498 310 193 453 547 2.3 1.1 1.7 5.7 0.6 0.3 0.1 4.5 0.6 Faversham and Mid Kent South East 686 475 345 758 748 10.9 2.5 3.4 34.5 1.2 3.3 2.9 32.2 1.2 Folkestone and Hythe South East 486 307 191 449 535 2.4 1.6 1.7 11.8 1.5 0.7 0.2 9.3 1.5 Gillingham and Rainham South East 386 242 150 353 425 1.8 0.9 1.2 5.5 0.6 0.3 0.1 4.3 0.6 Gosport South East 381 241 150 353 419 2.0 1.0 1.3 5.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 4.6 0.6 Gravesham South East 547 338 208 495 598 2.5 1.3 1.6 9.0 1.2 0.5 0.1 7.0 1.2 Guildford South East 688 435 272 636 759 3.3 1.8 2.7 9.4 0.9 0.5 0.3 7.4 0.9 Hastings and Rye South East 492 310 193 454 541 2.4 1.5 1.8 11.0 1.4 0.7 0.2 8.6 1.4 Havant South East 343 217 135 316 378 1.6 0.9 1.1 5.3 0.6 0.3 0.1 4.2 0.6 Henley South East 843 528 330 778 922 4.5 2.3 2.8 16.8 2.1 1.2 0.4 13.1 2.1 Horsham South East 632 400 254 592 694 3.7 1.9 2.8 10.4 1.1 0.8 0.5 8.2 1.1 Hove South East 427 269 167 392 470 2.0 1.3 1.6 6.8 0.8 0.4 0.2 5.3 0.8 Isle of Wight South East 1,05 8 664 412 974 1,160 5.1 2.5 3.1 16.1 1.9 1.0 0.4 12.6 1.9 Lewes South East 657 422 276 637 718 5.3 1.8 2.4 14.5 1.2 1.4 1.0 12.2 1.2 Maidenhead South East 779 488 303 714 855 3.7 2.1 2.8 11.6 1.3 0.7 0.3 9.0 1.3 Maidstone and The Weald South East 592 369 230 541 651 2.9 1.7 2.1 10.0 1.2 0.6 0.2 7.8 1.2 Meon Valley South East 547 352 228 524 603 3.9 1.7 2.6 9.4 1.0 1.0 0.7 7.3 1.0 Mid Sussex South East 482 304 191 444 532 2.4 1.5 2.0 7.3 0.7 0.4 0.2 5.8 0.7 Milton Keynes North South East 724 462 291 673 804 3.6 2.8 4.3 11.1 1.0 0.6 0.4 8.6 1.0 /NIC Excise duty and VAT Bus. 82

Parliamentary constituency Region Direct employment by age Direct employment by status U25 25-44 45+ FT PT Net CAPEX ( m) Corp /NIC Total estimates ( m) Excise duty, VAT and excise duty on other drinks Bus. Corp Direct estimates Milton Keynes South South East 435 281 178 408 485 2.2 1.6 2.5 7.1 0.6 0.4 0.3 5.6 0.6 Mole Valley South East 781 488 303 715 856 3.8 1.9 2.7 11.0 1.3 0.7 0.3 8.5 1.3 New Forest East South East 586 369 228 540 644 2.7 1.5 2.2 8.1 0.9 0.5 0.2 6.3 0.9 New Forest South East 684 433 276 645 748 4.4 1.8 2.6 11.5 1.0 0.9 0.6 9.4 1.0 Newbury South East 774 490 308 720 853 4.1 2.4 3.7 14.4 1.6 1.0 0.4 11.3 1.6 North East Hampshire South East 720 446 275 654 787 3.3 1.7 2.3 8.9 1.1 0.5 0.2 6.8 1.1 North Thanet South East 469 290 180 426 513 2.2 1.2 1.3 8.9 1.2 0.6 0.1 6.9 1.2 North Hampshire South East 591 369 229 539 649 2.8 1.9 2.8 10.6 1.3 0.6 0.2 8.1 1.3 Oxford East South East 990 618 382 904 1,086 4.6 1.8 2.5 11.4 1.3 0.7 0.2 9.1 1.3 Oxford and Abingdon South East 642 401 249 587 704 3.1 1.5 2.1 8.3 0.9 0.5 0.2 6.5 0.9 Portsmouth North South East 515 324 203 474 568 2.5 1.3 2.1 6.5 0.6 0.4 0.2 5.1 0.6 Portsmouth South South East 939 587 362 859 1,029 4.3 1.9 2.2 12.7 1.5 0.8 0.3 10.0 1.5 Reading East South East 879 550 341 805 966 4.2 2.4 3.2 11.5 1.2 0.7 0.3 9.0 1.2 Reading South East 297 194 124 281 333 1.5 1.1 1.8 5.4 0.4 0.3 0.2 4.3 0.4 Reigate South East 588 366 228 537 645 2.8 1.5 2.3 7.6 0.8 0.4 0.2 5.9 0.8 Rochester and Strood South East 428 274 172 400 474 2.1 1.5 1.9 9.9 1.2 0.6 0.2 7.8 1.2 Romsey and Southampton North South East 533 332 207 488 584 2.6 1.4 2.2 7.5 0.9 0.5 0.2 5.7 0.9 Runnymede and Weybridge South East 571 369 232 537 635 2.9 1.8 2.7 8.9 0.8 0.5 0.4 7.1 0.8 Sevenoaks South East 595 374 234 549 653 3.1 1.6 2.4 9.4 1.1 0.6 0.3 7.3 1.1 Sittingbourne and Sheppey South East 452 283 176 413 497 2.1 1.5 1.9 9.8 1.2 0.6 0.1 7.6 1.2 Slough South East 207 139 90 200 236 1.1 1.3 2.3 5.0 0.4 0.2 0.2 3.9 0.4 South Thanet South East 558 349 218 513 613 2.8 1.7 2.1 11.7 1.5 0.8 0.2 9.1 1.5 South Surrey South East 633 397 247 582 696 3.1 1.7 2.3 10.0 1.2 0.6 0.2 7.8 1.2 Southampton, Itchen South East 550 350 218 510 608 2.7 1.5 2.0 8.8 0.9 0.5 0.2 7.0 0.9 Southampton, Test South East 446 280 174 409 491 2.1 1.2 1.5 7.6 0.9 0.4 0.1 6.0 0.9 Spelthorne South East 581 362 224 530 638 2.7 1.3 1.8 7.0 0.8 0.4 0.2 5.5 0.8 /NIC Excise duty and VAT Bus. 83

Parliamentary constituency Region Direct employment by age Direct employment by status U25 25-44 45+ FT PT Net CAPEX ( m) Corp /NIC Total estimates ( m) Excise duty, VAT and excise duty on other drinks Bus. Corp Direct estimates Surrey Heath South East 604 379 236 555 664 2.9 1.4 2.2 8.0 0.7 0.4 0.2 6.5 0.7 Tonbridge and Malling South East 761 473 293 695 832 3.8 2.0 3.0 11.2 1.4 0.7 0.3 8.6 1.4 Tunbridge Wells South East 604 380 237 555 665 3.0 2.0 2.7 10.8 1.2 0.6 0.2 8.4 1.2 Wantage South East 526 332 209 488 579 2.8 1.6 2.3 11.5 1.4 0.8 0.3 9.0 1.4 Wealden South East 478 305 191 447 527 2.5 1.6 2.3 9.5 1.1 0.6 0.3 7.4 1.1 Winchester South East 668 433 284 652 733 5.5 1.8 2.7 9.6 1.1 1.4 1.0 7.5 1.1 Windsor South East 1,01 8 644 402 943 1,120 5.0 2.4 3.5 13.0 1.3 0.8 0.5 10.3 1.3 Witney South East 730 462 291 682 801 4.1 2.1 2.5 16.2 1.7 1.1 0.5 13.3 1.7 Woking South East 752 583 479 993 820 20.9 2.9 4.4 114.0 0.6 6.6 6.4 112.4 0.6 Wokingham South East 448 283 176 413 493 2.1 1.2 1.7 7.1 0.8 0.4 0.2 5.6 0.8 Worthing South East 459 287 178 420 505 2.2 1.2 1.5 6.3 0.7 0.3 0.1 4.9 0.7 Wycombe South East 490 316 203 466 544 3.0 1.7 2.4 10.0 0.9 0.7 0.5 8.2 0.9 Barking London 69 87 52 107 101 1.0 0.7 1.5 4.3 0.2 0.2 0.6 3.8 0.2 Battersea London 457 543 315 674 641 6.1 2.6 6.7 14.4 1.2 0.9 3.4 11.8 1.2 Beckenham London 199 235 135 289 280 2.6 1.0 2.8 4.8 0.4 0.3 1.4 3.9 0.4 Bermondsey and Old Southwark London 622 759 433 936 878 8.4 3.7 10.3 20.7 1.7 1.4 4.7 16.9 1.7 Bethnal Green and Bow London 325 404 231 502 459 4.5 2.1 5.1 16.0 1.4 1.1 2.6 13.5 1.4 Bexleyheath and Crayford London 211 249 145 308 298 2.8 1.3 3.2 6.4 0.5 0.3 1.5 5.3 0.5 Brent Central London 172 254 150 353 223 3.7 2.2 4.1 164.5 0.5 2.2 2.9 163.2 0.5 Brent North London 134 171 100 209 195 1.9 1.1 2.4 7.5 0.5 0.4 1.1 6.5 0.5 Brentford and Isleworth London 400 547 319 750 516 7.7 3.6 8.0 37.0 1.1 4.0 5.7 34.5 1.1 Bromley and Chislehurst London 234 278 162 343 331 3.1 1.3 3.5 7.0 0.5 0.4 1.7 5.8 0.5 Camberwell and Peckham London 159 196 113 246 223 2.3 1.1 2.3 8.6 0.8 0.6 1.3 7.2 0.8 Carshalton and Wallington London 146 198 116 275 185 2.9 1.0 2.3 4.2 0.3 1.5 2.1 3.5 0.3 Chelsea and Fulham London 556 671 385 823 789 7.4 3.0 8.3 15.8 1.1 0.9 4.1 13.1 1.1 Chingford and Woodford Green London 160 189 110 233 226 2.1 1.0 2.5 4.8 0.4 0.2 1.1 3.9 0.4 Chipping Barnet London 151 183 106 224 214 2.0 0.9 2.4 5.8 0.5 0.3 1.1 4.8 0.5 /NIC Excise duty and VAT Bus. 84

Parliamentary constituency Cities of London and minster Region London Direct employment by age Direct employment by status U25 25-44 45+ FT PT 4,44 8 5,548 3,14 0 Net CAPEX ( m) Corp /NIC Total estimates ( m) Excise duty, VAT and excise duty on other drinks Bus. Corp Direct estimates /NIC Excise duty and VAT 6,782 6,355 59.7 26.5 75.4 122.9 6.7 7.3 33.7 103.1 6.7 Croydon Central London 330 384 223 474 463 4.3 1.5 4.4 8.3 0.8 0.5 2.3 6.7 0.8 Croydon North London 115 148 88 183 168 1.7 1.2 2.3 8.2 0.6 0.5 1.1 7.0 0.6 Croydon South London 133 162 95 200 191 1.8 0.9 2.5 4.9 0.3 0.2 1.0 4.1 0.3 Dagenham and Rainham London 154 183 107 226 218 2.0 0.9 2.4 4.7 0.3 0.2 1.1 3.9 0.3 Dulwich and Norwood London 258 310 177 383 362 3.4 1.2 3.2 7.3 0.7 0.5 1.9 6.0 0.7 Ealing Central and Acton London 272 333 195 411 389 3.7 2.3 5.3 11.0 0.7 0.6 2.1 9.2 0.7 Ealing North London 102 135 77 164 150 1.5 1.0 2.2 5.3 0.3 0.3 0.9 4.6 0.3 Ealing, Southall London 91 115 67 142 131 1.3 1.2 2.2 5.4 0.4 0.3 0.8 4.4 0.4 East Ham London 106 146 83 176 159 1.6 1.2 2.6 6.8 0.4 0.3 1.0 5.8 0.4 Edmonton London 84 106 63 131 122 1.2 1.1 2.4 5.0 0.3 0.2 0.7 4.1 0.3 Eltham London 75 93 53 114 108 1.0 0.5 1.3 3.5 0.3 0.2 0.6 2.9 0.3 Enfield North London 170 205 120 253 242 2.3 1.3 3.0 7.0 0.5 0.4 1.3 5.8 0.5 Enfield, Southgate London 151 182 106 223 215 2.0 1.0 2.5 5.5 0.4 0.3 1.1 4.6 0.4 Erith and Thamesmead London 82 99 59 123 118 1.1 0.9 1.7 4.8 0.4 0.2 0.6 4.0 0.4 Feltham and Heston London 100 138 79 167 150 1.5 1.0 2.4 6.6 0.4 0.3 0.9 5.8 0.4 Finchley and Golders Green London 127 170 97 206 188 1.8 1.1 2.6 7.0 0.4 0.4 1.1 6.1 0.4 Greenwich and Woolwich London 297 360 207 445 420 4.0 1.8 4.4 31.2 1.2 0.8 2.3 29.0 1.2 Hackney North and Stoke Newington London 123 151 87 186 176 1.7 1.0 2.0 6.8 0.6 0.4 1.0 5.7 0.6 Hackney South and Shoreditch London 356 443 251 545 505 4.9 2.2 5.5 14.5 1.3 1.0 2.8 12.0 1.3 Hammersmith London 514 629 366 781 728 7.1 3.3 8.6 18.2 1.2 1.2 4.1 15.3 1.2 Hampstead and Kilburn London 298 362 207 443 424 4.0 1.6 4.3 9.4 0.7 0.5 2.2 7.8 0.7 Harrow East London 149 176 102 217 211 2.0 1.0 2.4 4.5 0.4 0.2 1.1 3.6 0.4 Harrow London 116 147 85 180 168 1.6 1.0 2.4 6.1 0.4 0.3 1.0 5.2 0.4 Hayes and Harlington London 172 247 137 296 260 2.5 2.2 5.0 10.3 0.4 0.5 1.5 8.8 0.4 Hendon London 130 166 97 204 190 1.9 1.1 2.6 7.2 0.4 0.4 1.1 6.2 0.4 Bus. 85

Parliamentary constituency Holborn and St Pancras Hornchurch and Upminster Region London Direct employment by age Direct employment by status U25 25-44 45+ FT PT 1,33 6 Net CAPEX ( m) Corp /NIC Total estimates ( m) Excise duty, VAT and excise duty on other drinks Bus. Corp Direct estimates /NIC 1,638 931 2,006 1,899 17.8 7.5 21.3 46.2 2.9 2.3 10.0 39.3 2.9 London 152 187 108 230 218 2.1 1.0 2.5 5.5 0.4 0.3 1.1 4.6 0.4 Hornsey and Wood Green London 217 263 152 323 308 2.9 1.4 3.5 9.0 0.8 0.5 1.7 7.4 0.8 Ilford North London 133 160 93 196 189 1.8 0.8 2.1 4.2 0.3 0.2 1.0 3.6 0.3 Ilford South London 87 110 64 135 127 1.2 0.6 1.6 4.1 0.2 0.2 0.7 3.6 0.2 Islington North London 201 246 140 301 286 2.7 1.3 3.0 9.4 0.9 0.6 1.5 7.7 0.9 Islington South and Finsbury London 847 1,016 579 1,248 1,194 11.1 4.8 13.3 25.4 2.3 1.5 6.1 20.4 2.3 Kensington London 540 697 395 848 784 7.5 3.9 9.6 20.7 1.0 1.1 4.4 17.9 1.0 Kingston and Surbiton London 401 483 281 597 569 5.4 2.5 6.4 13.1 0.8 0.7 3.1 11.0 0.8 Lewisham East London 118 146 84 182 167 1.7 0.7 1.7 4.2 0.3 0.3 1.0 3.5 0.3 Lewisham and Penge London 96 120 69 148 137 1.4 0.8 1.6 5.5 0.5 0.4 0.8 4.6 0.5 Lewisham, Deptford London 120 149 86 184 172 1.7 0.9 1.9 6.8 0.7 0.4 1.0 5.6 0.7 Leyton and Wanstead London 140 170 99 212 197 1.9 0.8 2.1 4.9 0.4 0.4 1.1 4.2 0.4 Mitcham and Morden London 120 144 85 180 169 1.7 0.9 2.0 4.6 0.4 0.3 0.9 3.8 0.4 Old Bexley and Sidcup London 135 161 93 198 191 1.8 1.0 2.6 4.3 0.4 0.2 1.0 3.4 0.4 Orpington London 146 178 103 219 209 2.0 1.1 2.6 6.1 0.4 0.3 1.1 5.0 0.4 Poplar and Limehouse London 386 474 271 582 549 5.2 3.1 7.9 12.2 0.8 0.7 2.9 9.9 0.8 Putney London 251 300 172 369 355 3.3 1.2 3.6 6.3 0.4 0.3 1.8 5.2 0.4 Richmond Park London 505 618 356 788 690 7.4 2.9 7.4 12.9 1.1 1.9 4.5 10.4 1.1 Romford London 280 327 191 403 393 3.7 1.4 3.9 7.2 0.5 0.4 2.0 5.9 0.5 Ruislip, Northwood and Pinner London 188 229 131 280 267 2.5 1.0 2.7 5.8 0.4 0.3 1.4 4.8 0.4 Streatham London 144 171 99 211 204 1.9 0.8 2.1 4.6 0.4 0.2 1.0 3.7 0.4 Sutton and Cheam London 223 264 153 325 315 2.9 1.2 3.3 6.3 0.5 0.3 1.6 5.2 0.5 Tooting London 156 190 109 236 220 2.1 0.8 2.1 5.2 0.4 0.4 1.2 4.4 0.4 Tottenham London 102 136 78 166 149 1.5 1.1 2.2 7.0 0.5 0.4 1.0 6.1 0.5 Twickenham London 345 411 236 506 486 4.5 1.9 5.2 10.7 1.0 0.6 2.5 8.6 1.0 Excise duty and VAT Bus. 86

Parliamentary constituency Uxbridge and South Ruislip Region Direct employment by age Direct employment by status U25 25-44 45+ FT PT Net CAPEX ( m) Corp /NIC Total estimates ( m) Excise duty, VAT and excise duty on other drinks Bus. Corp Direct estimates /NIC London 201 243 144 301 288 2.7 1.6 4.4 8.9 0.6 0.4 1.5 7.4 0.6 Vauxhall London 588 715 405 874 835 7.8 3.1 8.6 18.4 1.6 1.1 4.3 15.0 1.6 Walthamstow London 92 114 67 141 132 1.3 0.9 1.8 5.3 0.4 0.3 0.8 4.4 0.4 Ham London 171 224 129 274 251 2.4 1.7 3.4 10.7 0.7 0.6 1.5 9.1 0.7 minster North London 357 439 248 536 509 4.7 2.1 5.3 11.2 0.9 0.6 2.7 9.3 0.9 Wimbledon London 281 336 195 414 398 3.7 1.7 4.7 8.1 0.5 0.4 2.1 6.7 0.5 Basildon and Billericay East 446 358 303 537 570 2.1 1.3 2.0 5.4 0.4 0.3 0.2 4.2 0.4 Bedford East 600 550 513 869 794 6.0 2.3 3.2 56.0 0.9 3.8 3.5 54.2 0.9 Braintree East 396 319 272 480 508 2.0 1.4 1.8 10.3 1.3 0.8 0.3 8.0 1.3 Brentwood and Ongar East 662 524 441 780 848 3.0 1.6 2.2 9.1 1.1 0.6 0.1 6.9 1.1 Broadland East 375 309 267 467 483 2.2 1.6 2.6 11.1 1.1 1.0 0.6 8.9 1.1 Broxbourne East 283 229 196 346 361 1.4 0.9 1.5 5.1 0.5 0.4 0.2 4.0 0.5 Bury St Edmunds East 646 651 638 1,058 877 9.1 3.3 4.5 76.0 1.4 6.9 6.4 73.3 1.4 Cambridge East 897 714 601 1,064 1,148 4.1 2.1 3.1 11.6 1.3 0.7 0.2 9.0 1.3 Castle Point East 199 159 134 238 254 0.9 0.5 0.7 2.7 0.3 0.1 0.1 2.2 0.3 Central Suffolk and North Ipswich East 291 243 212 370 376 1.8 1.4 2.4 8.7 1.1 1.0 0.6 6.6 1.1 Chelmsford East 622 494 417 738 795 2.8 1.7 2.2 8.6 1.0 0.5 0.2 6.7 1.0 Clacton East 268 214 180 320 343 1.2 0.7 0.9 5.2 0.6 0.3 0.1 4.1 0.6 Colchester East 395 318 268 476 505 1.8 1.2 1.8 7.1 0.7 0.4 0.2 5.6 0.7 Epping Forest East 489 388 326 578 626 2.2 1.2 1.6 7.2 0.9 0.4 0.1 5.5 0.9 Great Yarmouth East 519 416 350 620 665 2.4 1.8 2.1 13.6 1.7 0.8 0.2 10.6 1.7 Harlow East 443 353 298 528 566 2.0 1.0 1.4 6.1 0.7 0.3 0.1 4.8 0.7 Harwich and North Essex East 396 316 268 472 507 1.9 1.3 2.0 9.7 1.2 0.7 0.2 7.4 1.2 Hemel Hempstead East 482 387 329 581 616 2.3 1.3 2.2 7.4 0.7 0.5 0.3 5.9 0.7 Hertford and Stortford East 613 503 435 761 790 3.5 1.8 2.4 11.9 1.4 1.4 0.9 9.4 1.4 Hertsmere East 461 369 311 552 589 2.1 1.4 2.3 6.8 0.7 0.4 0.2 5.3 0.7 Hitchin and Harpenden East 644 508 427 755 823 2.9 1.5 1.9 10.2 1.3 0.6 0.1 7.8 1.3 Excise duty and VAT Bus. 87

Parliamentary constituency Region Direct employment by age Direct employment by status U25 25-44 45+ FT PT Net CAPEX ( m) Corp /NIC Total estimates ( m) Excise duty, VAT and excise duty on other drinks Bus. Corp Direct estimates Huntingdon East 552 439 371 656 705 2.5 1.6 2.2 9.5 1.1 0.6 0.2 7.3 1.1 Ipswich East 554 443 373 660 709 2.5 1.6 2.0 8.4 0.9 0.5 0.2 6.6 0.9 Luton North East 139 111 94 166 177 0.6 0.3 0.5 1.6 0.1 0.1 0.1 1.3 0.1 Luton South East 567 520 483 819 751 5.6 2.3 3.2 8.2 0.9 3.6 3.2 6.3 0.9 Maldon East 466 376 322 565 599 2.4 1.4 1.6 10.4 1.2 0.9 0.4 8.3 1.2 Mid Bedfordshire East 533 425 358 634 682 2.5 1.6 2.6 11.7 1.5 0.7 0.2 8.9 1.5 Mid Norfolk East 247 201 172 303 317 1.3 1.2 2.2 8.5 1.0 0.6 0.2 6.5 1.0 North East Bedfordshire East 351 280 236 418 449 1.6 1.6 2.3 9.9 1.3 0.6 0.1 7.5 1.3 North East Cambridgeshire East 290 241 209 366 374 1.7 1.7 3.5 10.3 1.2 0.9 0.5 7.6 1.2 North East Hertfordshire East 494 392 331 586 631 2.2 1.4 1.8 10.1 1.3 0.6 0.1 7.9 1.3 North Norfolk East 384 309 261 461 493 1.8 1.5 2.0 10.0 1.2 0.6 0.2 7.7 1.2 North Cambridgeshire East 627 504 428 756 803 3.1 1.9 2.6 11.9 1.2 0.8 0.4 9.5 1.2 North Norfolk East 383 308 259 460 490 1.8 1.3 1.7 8.8 1.0 0.5 0.1 6.9 1.0 Norwich North East 225 182 155 274 287 1.1 0.9 1.2 4.9 0.5 0.3 0.1 3.9 0.5 Norwich South East 806 646 545 964 1,032 3.8 2.5 3.2 14.5 1.7 0.9 0.4 11.3 1.7 Peterborough East 487 391 331 587 622 2.2 1.5 2.2 7.5 0.7 0.4 0.2 5.9 0.7 Rayleigh and Wickford East 329 261 220 390 421 1.5 0.8 1.1 3.7 0.4 0.2 0.1 2.8 0.4 Rochford and Southend East East 594 473 398 704 760 2.7 1.4 1.8 7.6 0.8 0.4 0.2 5.9 0.8 Saffron Walden East 490 391 329 582 627 2.2 1.6 2.1 11.9 1.5 0.7 0.1 9.2 1.5 South Basildon and East Thurrock East 346 274 232 410 442 1.6 0.7 1.0 3.7 0.4 0.2 0.1 2.9 0.4 South Cambridgeshire East 426 340 287 507 545 2.0 1.3 2.0 10.2 1.3 0.6 0.1 7.9 1.3 South East Cambridgeshire East 422 338 286 506 540 2.0 1.6 2.3 10.7 1.3 0.7 0.2 8.3 1.3 South Norfolk East 330 265 224 397 423 1.6 1.3 1.9 9.9 1.3 0.6 0.2 7.6 1.3 South Suffolk East 463 369 312 552 592 2.2 1.6 2.0 11.6 1.5 0.8 0.2 8.9 1.5 South Bedfordshire East 420 335 283 501 537 1.9 1.3 1.8 7.8 0.9 0.5 0.1 6.0 0.9 South Hertfordshire East 612 490 415 732 785 2.9 1.6 2.2 9.6 1.1 0.7 0.3 7.5 1.1 /NIC Excise duty and VAT Bus. 88

Parliamentary constituency Region Direct employment by age Direct employment by status U25 25-44 45+ FT PT Net CAPEX ( m) Corp /NIC Total estimates ( m) Excise duty, VAT and excise duty on other drinks Bus. Corp Direct estimates South Norfolk East 273 220 186 329 349 1.3 1.4 2.6 9.4 1.2 0.6 0.1 7.0 1.2 Southend East 380 300 253 447 486 1.7 0.7 1.3 3.4 0.4 0.2 0.1 2.6 0.4 St Albans East 496 396 334 592 633 2.3 1.5 2.2 8.1 0.9 0.5 0.2 6.3 0.9 Stevenage East 442 351 296 525 565 2.0 1.1 1.5 6.5 0.7 0.4 0.1 5.1 0.7 Suffolk Coastal East 743 620 543 944 962 4.8 2.7 4.9 27.3 1.6 2.2 1.6 23.7 1.6 Thurrock East 306 250 213 380 389 1.5 1.2 1.8 5.9 0.4 0.3 0.2 4.8 0.4 Watford East 636 508 429 760 812 2.9 1.7 2.8 7.9 0.7 0.4 0.2 6.1 0.7 Waveney East 465 377 322 567 598 2.4 1.5 1.8 11.3 1.3 0.9 0.4 9.1 1.3 Welwyn Hatfield East 444 359 305 542 565 2.1 1.6 2.3 8.2 0.7 0.4 0.3 6.6 0.7 Suffolk East 442 355 298 529 566 2.0 1.8 2.9 10.9 1.3 0.6 0.2 8.3 1.3 Witham East 383 305 257 456 490 1.7 1.3 1.9 8.2 1.0 0.5 0.1 6.3 1.0 Bath South 567 391 339 485 812 3.9 1.7 1.9 11.3 1.3 0.7 0.2 9.0 1.3 Bournemouth East South 292 203 177 253 420 1.8 0.8 1.1 4.3 0.4 0.2 0.1 3.5 0.4 Bournemouth South 636 434 376 538 908 4.0 1.6 2.1 7.3 0.6 0.4 0.1 5.7 0.6 Bridgwater and Somerset South 583 395 343 488 832 3.6 2.0 2.1 14.7 1.9 0.9 0.1 11.4 1.9 Bristol East South 244 167 147 206 352 1.5 0.8 0.9 5.6 0.7 0.3 0.1 4.5 0.7 Bristol North South 175 128 114 159 259 1.4 0.7 1.0 4.7 0.4 0.3 0.1 3.8 0.4 Bristol South South 246 176 155 220 357 2.5 1.0 1.1 7.0 0.7 0.5 0.2 5.7 0.7 Bristol South 1,21 0 830 720 1,030 1,729 8.4 4.0 5.2 25.5 3.0 1.6 0.3 19.9 3.0 Camborne and Redruth South 446 305 265 378 638 3.3 1.4 1.5 9.8 1.2 0.6 0.2 7.7 1.2 Central Devon South 532 375 326 466 766 5.7 2.0 2.1 15.4 2.0 1.2 0.4 12.0 2.0 Cheltenham South 513 351 305 434 734 3.4 1.4 1.8 8.9 1.0 0.5 0.1 7.0 1.0 Chippenham South 441 307 267 380 635 3.7 1.4 1.7 9.9 1.2 0.7 0.2 7.8 1.2 Christchurch South 537 363 315 448 767 3.3 1.2 1.6 6.1 0.6 0.3 0.1 4.7 0.6 Devizes South 406 340 295 434 606 11.9 1.8 2.0 16.5 1.6 2.1 1.4 13.9 1.6 East Devon South 599 408 355 506 856 3.8 1.8 2.1 11.0 1.3 0.7 0.1 8.6 1.3 Exeter South 670 457 398 564 960 4.2 1.7 2.2 10.5 1.1 0.6 0.2 8.3 1.1 /NIC Excise duty and VAT Bus. 89

Parliamentary constituency Region Direct employment by age Direct employment by status U25 25-44 45+ FT PT Net CAPEX ( m) Corp /NIC Total estimates ( m) Excise duty, VAT and excise duty on other drinks Bus. Corp Direct estimates Filton and Bradley Stoke South 420 293 257 363 607 2.8 1.5 2.2 7.4 0.7 0.4 0.2 5.9 0.7 Forest of Dean South 259 179 155 221 372 2.0 1.3 1.3 11.0 1.5 0.7 0.1 8.6 1.5 Gloucester South 488 369 322 463 716 8.3 1.6 2.0 8.8 1.0 1.2 0.9 6.9 1.0 Kingswood South 411 280 243 345 588 3.0 1.0 1.3 8.6 0.7 0.4 0.1 7.3 0.7 Mid Dorset and North Poole South 321 218 190 270 459 2.2 0.8 1.1 5.2 0.6 0.3 0.1 4.0 0.6 Newton Abbot South 511 356 309 442 734 4.6 1.6 1.7 11.1 1.3 0.8 0.3 8.7 1.3 North Cornwall South 725 526 456 658 1,049 9.7 2.5 3.0 34.7 1.5 1.5 0.9 31.7 1.5 North Devon South 690 475 412 590 987 5.4 2.1 2.0 15.5 1.9 1.1 0.3 12.1 1.9 North Dorset South 410 362 316 465 623 15.1 1.9 2.4 20.0 1.2 2.4 1.9 17.8 1.2 North East Somerset South 432 291 253 359 617 2.7 1.2 1.2 9.0 1.2 0.5 0.1 7.0 1.2 North Somerset South 514 378 329 474 747 7.9 1.6 2.1 21.8 1.1 1.2 0.8 19.7 1.1 North Swindon South 387 293 256 368 569 6.2 1.3 1.8 7.3 0.7 0.9 0.7 5.9 0.7 North Wiltshire South 560 380 329 469 800 3.9 1.6 1.7 11.5 1.5 0.7 0.1 8.9 1.5 Plymouth, Moor View South 118 83 73 103 171 0.7 0.4 0.6 2.5 0.2 0.1 0.1 2.1 0.2 Plymouth, Sutton and Devonport South 826 559 485 692 1,178 5.2 2.1 2.2 14.8 1.8 0.9 0.1 11.6 1.8 Poole South 512 353 307 437 735 3.2 1.4 1.9 7.9 0.8 0.4 0.1 6.3 0.8 Salisbury South 537 375 327 466 774 4.9 1.8 2.3 13.3 1.5 0.9 0.3 10.5 1.5 Somerton and Frome South 508 354 308 439 730 4.9 2.1 2.2 16.1 2.1 1.2 0.3 12.5 2.1 South Dorset South 720 489 422 606 1,025 5.1 1.8 1.7 13.3 1.7 0.9 0.2 10.4 1.7 South East Cornwall South 468 317 275 392 668 3.0 1.7 1.9 12.0 1.6 0.7 0.1 9.2 1.6 South Swindon South 521 357 311 441 748 3.2 1.7 2.3 9.5 1.0 0.5 0.1 7.4 1.0 South Devon South 400 272 237 336 573 2.6 1.2 1.3 7.5 0.9 0.5 0.1 5.9 0.9 South Wiltshire South 424 296 259 368 610 3.3 1.8 2.2 11.8 1.4 0.8 0.2 9.2 1.4 St Austell and Newquay South 900 715 620 908 1,327 21.6 2.7 3.2 25.6 1.3 3.0 2.4 22.8 1.3 St Ives South 731 496 429 615 1,042 4.9 2.2 2.4 14.6 1.8 0.9 0.2 11.3 1.8 Stroud South 439 303 263 377 629 3.3 1.8 2.0 11.6 1.4 0.7 0.2 9.0 1.4 Taunton Deane South 599 425 370 529 865 6.2 1.9 2.2 13.2 1.4 1.0 0.5 10.6 1.4 /NIC Excise duty and VAT Bus. 90

Parliamentary constituency Region Direct employment by age Direct employment by status U25 25-44 45+ FT PT Net CAPEX ( m) Corp /NIC Total estimates ( m) Excise duty, VAT and excise duty on other drinks Bus. Corp Direct estimates Tewkesbury South 453 310 270 383 650 2.9 1.3 1.7 8.0 0.9 0.5 0.1 6.3 0.9 The Cotswolds South 756 520 451 646 1,082 6.0 2.5 3.0 16.5 2.0 1.1 0.3 12.8 2.0 Thornbury and Yate South 476 329 286 407 683 4.1 1.4 1.7 9.2 1.1 0.7 0.2 7.2 1.1 Tiverton and Honiton South 423 314 274 393 617 6.4 1.8 2.0 14.0 1.5 1.2 0.6 11.4 1.5 Torbay South 669 470 408 587 960 6.7 1.7 1.8 10.8 1.3 1.0 0.5 8.5 1.3 Torridge and Devon South 460 322 280 401 661 4.5 1.8 1.8 14.5 1.8 1.1 0.3 11.5 1.8 Totnes South 516 365 316 455 742 5.3 1.8 2.0 13.2 1.6 1.0 0.4 10.4 1.6 Truro and Falmouth South 714 502 435 625 1,026 7.1 2.0 2.3 14.0 1.4 1.1 0.5 11.4 1.4 Wells South 540 372 324 462 774 3.7 2.1 2.3 13.7 1.7 0.8 0.2 10.7 1.7 Dorset South 516 373 324 466 746 6.3 1.9 2.1 16.1 1.9 1.3 0.5 12.9 1.9 on-super-mare South 561 384 334 475 803 4.1 1.7 2.0 10.5 1.2 0.7 0.2 8.2 1.2 Yeovil South 487 334 291 414 699 3.5 1.6 1.8 11.9 1.5 0.8 0.2 9.3 1.5 Aldridge-Brownhills 271 177 139 240 347 1.1 0.9 1.6 4.9 0.6 0.3 0.2 3.7 0.6 Birmingham, Edgbaston 353 231 181 313 452 1.5 1.0 1.7 3.7 0.4 0.2 0.3 2.8 0.4 Birmingham, Erdington 197 137 107 185 257 0.9 0.7 1.4 3.9 0.3 0.2 0.2 3.0 0.3 Birmingham, Hall Green 330 220 172 298 425 1.4 1.0 1.6 5.1 0.5 0.3 0.3 4.0 0.5 Birmingham, Hodge Hill 110 74 59 101 143 0.5 0.7 2.9 2.9 0.2 0.1 0.1 1.7 0.2 Birmingham, Ladywood 1,91 1,04 1,333 8 4 1,809 2,486 9.9 7.2 13.8 26.5 2.7 3.0 3.4 19.2 2.7 Birmingham, Northfield 212 139 109 189 271 0.9 0.7 1.3 3.2 0.3 0.2 0.2 2.4 0.3 Birmingham, Perry Barr 188 128 100 173 244 0.8 0.7 1.2 4.1 0.4 0.2 0.2 3.2 0.4 Birmingham, Selly Oak 166 112 88 151 215 0.7 0.6 1.1 2.6 0.2 0.1 0.2 2.0 0.2 Birmingham, Yardley 241 162 127 219 311 1.0 1.0 1.8 4.0 0.3 0.2 0.2 3.0 0.3 Bromsgrove 689 447 350 606 880 2.9 2.0 3.5 9.0 1.1 0.5 0.6 6.6 1.1 /NIC Excise duty and VAT Bus. 91

Parliamentary constituency Burton Cannock Chase Coventry North East Coventry North Coventry South Dudley North Dudley South Halesowen and Rowley Regis Hereford and South Herefordshire Kenilworth and Southam Lichfield Ludlow Meriden Mid Worcestershire Newcastle-under-Lyme North Herefordshire North Shropshire North Warwickshire Nuneaton Region Direct employment by age Direct employment by status U25 25-44 45+ FT PT 1,24 0 1,510 1,19 6 Net CAPEX ( m) Corp /NIC Total estimates ( m) Excise duty, VAT and excise duty on other drinks Bus. Corp Direct estimates /NIC Excise duty and VAT 2,093 1,854 22.3 7.0 12.0 466.1 1.6 17.7 17.5 462.1 1.6 440 291 228 394 565 1.9 1.7 3.2 8.4 0.9 0.4 0.4 6.2 0.9 290 196 154 266 375 1.3 1.2 2.1 5.7 0.6 0.3 0.3 4.4 0.6 289 190 149 258 371 1.2 0.8 1.4 4.5 0.5 0.3 0.3 3.4 0.5 449 302 236 408 579 2.0 1.9 3.8 8.3 0.8 0.4 0.5 6.2 0.8 246 181 142 247 323 1.5 1.0 1.9 7.7 0.9 0.8 0.7 6.0 0.9 313 219 173 297 408 1.6 1.5 2.3 11.0 1.1 0.7 0.5 9.0 1.1 253 168 132 228 326 1.1 1.1 1.6 7.0 0.9 0.4 0.3 5.4 0.9 428 287 225 388 552 1.9 2.2 3.6 12.8 1.6 0.7 0.4 9.7 1.6 502 330 258 447 643 2.1 1.7 3.0 10.7 1.3 0.6 0.5 8.0 1.3 512 343 268 465 658 2.3 1.9 3.1 11.2 1.3 0.8 0.6 8.6 1.3 455 317 248 431 589 2.4 2.6 4.0 18.0 2.3 1.4 0.9 13.8 2.3 738 481 376 652 943 3.1 2.3 5.2 7.5 0.7 0.4 0.6 5.1 0.7 537 353 276 478 689 2.3 2.1 3.5 12.2 1.5 0.7 0.5 9.2 1.5 503 329 258 446 644 2.1 1.7 2.9 9.1 1.1 0.5 0.5 6.8 1.1 262 201 158 274 347 1.8 2.2 3.8 17.0 1.8 1.4 0.9 13.5 1.8 392 269 211 364 507 1.9 2.2 3.4 15.2 2.0 1.1 0.6 11.6 2.0 490 332 260 449 632 2.3 2.1 3.4 11.0 1.3 0.8 0.6 8.3 1.3 322 214 168 290 414 1.4 1.1 1.8 6.5 0.8 0.4 0.3 5.0 0.8 Bus. 92

Parliamentary constituency Redditch Rugby Shrewsbury and Atcham Solihull South Staffordshire Stafford Staffordshire Moorlands Stoke-on-Trent Central Stoke-on-Trent North Stoke-on-Trent South Stone Stourbridge Stratford-on-Avon Sutton Coldfield Tamworth Telford The Wrekin Walsall North Walsall South Region Direct employment by age Direct employment by status U25 25-44 45+ FT PT Net CAPEX ( m) Corp /NIC Total estimates ( m) Excise duty, VAT and excise duty on other drinks Bus. Corp Direct estimates /NIC 254 171 135 232 328 1.1 1.1 1.9 6.0 0.6 0.3 0.3 4.6 0.6 461 304 238 412 591 2.0 1.7 3.1 9.5 1.1 0.6 0.4 7.1 1.1 520 352 276 477 670 2.4 2.2 3.2 14.7 1.8 1.0 0.7 11.5 1.8 595 390 305 528 762 2.5 1.6 3.1 5.6 0.5 0.3 0.5 4.1 0.5 509 334 261 453 651 2.2 1.6 2.8 8.9 1.1 0.6 0.5 6.6 1.1 499 330 258 447 640 2.2 1.5 2.6 9.2 1.1 0.6 0.5 7.0 1.1 371 247 192 334 476 1.7 1.7 2.4 12.6 1.7 0.8 0.5 9.6 1.7 445 299 234 404 574 2.0 1.8 3.0 11.3 1.3 0.6 0.5 8.7 1.3 228 159 125 215 296 1.2 1.2 1.5 9.1 1.1 0.7 0.4 7.2 1.1 268 178 141 242 345 1.1 1.1 1.7 6.5 0.8 0.4 0.3 5.1 0.8 428 279 218 378 547 1.8 1.7 2.5 10.8 1.4 0.6 0.4 8.1 1.4 357 235 184 318 457 1.6 1.3 1.9 8.3 1.1 0.6 0.4 6.3 1.1 768 519 405 703 989 3.6 3.0 5.4 16.5 1.8 1.1 1.0 12.5 1.8 510 334 261 452 653 2.1 1.5 2.7 5.8 0.6 0.3 0.4 4.3 0.6 450 300 235 406 579 2.0 1.7 2.8 8.3 0.9 0.5 0.4 6.3 0.9 300 202 158 273 387 1.3 1.6 2.6 9.9 1.2 0.6 0.3 7.5 1.2 387 256 201 347 497 1.7 1.4 2.2 9.1 1.1 0.5 0.4 7.0 1.1 218 146 115 198 281 0.9 1.1 1.5 7.8 1.0 0.5 0.2 6.1 1.0 417 276 216 374 536 1.8 1.4 2.4 8.3 1.0 0.5 0.4 6.3 1.0 Excise duty and VAT Bus. 93

Parliamentary constituency Warley Warwick and Leamington Bromwich East Bromwich Worcestershire Wolverhampton North East Wolverhampton South East Wolverhampton South Worcester Wyre Forest Amber Valley Ashfield Bassetlaw Bolsover Boston and Skegness Bosworth Broxtowe Charnwood Chesterfield Region East East East East East East East East East Direct employment by age Direct employment by status U25 25-44 45+ FT PT Net CAPEX ( m) Corp /NIC Total estimates ( m) Excise duty, VAT and excise duty on other drinks Bus. Corp Direct estimates /NIC 228 153 120 207 294 1.0 1.4 1.8 5.3 0.6 0.3 0.2 4.0 0.6 511 344 270 466 659 2.3 2.3 3.8 11.7 1.3 0.7 0.6 8.9 1.3 265 173 136 235 339 1.1 1.1 1.6 6.6 0.8 0.4 0.2 5.0 0.8 335 223 176 303 432 1.4 1.5 2.5 8.6 1.0 0.5 0.3 6.6 1.0 384 258 201 349 494 1.7 1.9 2.8 14.4 1.9 0.9 0.4 11.0 1.9 241 162 127 219 310 1.1 0.9 1.6 4.1 0.4 0.3 0.3 3.1 0.4 163 112 89 152 212 0.7 1.0 1.3 7.1 0.9 0.4 0.2 5.6 0.9 680 786 622 1,087 1,001 11.2 3.4 5.5 45.1 1.0 8.7 8.6 42.9 1.0 510 338 265 458 655 2.2 1.8 3.0 10.7 1.3 0.6 0.5 8.1 1.3 379 252 197 341 487 1.6 1.6 2.5 10.9 1.4 0.6 0.4 8.3 1.4 299 225 173 297 400 1.8 1.4 1.6 11.5 1.6 0.8 0.4 9.0 1.6 312 233 179 308 416 1.8 1.1 1.8 7.6 0.9 0.4 0.4 5.9 0.9 348 269 209 356 470 2.2 1.7 2.2 12.4 1.6 0.9 0.6 9.7 1.6 237 178 138 236 317 1.4 1.2 1.5 9.4 1.2 0.6 0.3 7.3 1.2 475 393 309 523 654 3.7 2.2 3.4 20.4 1.9 1.8 1.4 16.9 1.9 396 294 225 387 529 2.3 1.4 2.0 10.0 1.3 0.6 0.4 7.7 1.3 369 279 214 367 495 2.2 1.2 1.9 7.2 0.8 0.5 0.5 5.6 0.8 329 243 186 320 439 1.9 1.1 1.7 6.0 0.7 0.3 0.4 4.5 0.7 406 304 235 402 543 2.4 1.5 2.1 11.6 1.5 0.7 0.5 9.1 1.5 Excise duty and VAT Bus. 94

Parliamentary constituency Corby Daventry Derby North Derby South Derbyshire Dales Erewash Gainsborough Gedling Grantham and Stamford Harborough High Peak Kettering Leicester East Leicester South Leicester Lincoln Loughborough Louth and Horncastle Mansfield Region East East East East East East East East East East East East East East East East East East East Direct employment by age Direct employment by status U25 25-44 45+ FT PT Net CAPEX ( m) Corp /NIC Total estimates ( m) Excise duty, VAT and excise duty on other drinks Bus. Corp Direct estimates /NIC 324 246 192 328 434 2.0 1.8 3.1 9.8 1.1 0.6 0.5 7.4 1.1 418 311 239 410 557 2.4 1.6 2.3 11.2 1.4 0.7 0.5 8.6 1.4 274 211 164 279 369 1.7 0.9 1.4 6.3 0.7 0.5 0.4 5.1 0.7 587 438 336 577 784 3.4 1.7 2.7 11.9 1.4 0.7 0.7 9.3 1.4 564 444 343 585 766 3.9 2.4 3.0 21.4 2.5 1.7 1.2 17.3 2.5 303 228 175 301 406 1.8 1.1 1.5 8.4 1.1 0.5 0.4 6.6 1.1 249 186 143 245 333 1.4 1.3 2.2 11.4 1.6 0.7 0.3 8.7 1.6 315 233 177 305 420 1.8 0.9 1.4 5.4 0.6 0.3 0.3 4.1 0.6 430 332 257 439 580 2.8 1.8 2.4 12.0 1.5 1.0 0.8 9.4 1.5 317 238 184 315 423 1.8 1.2 1.8 7.5 0.9 0.4 0.4 5.8 0.9 366 277 213 365 491 2.2 1.6 1.7 13.5 1.8 1.0 0.6 10.6 1.8 311 235 182 312 417 1.8 1.2 1.8 6.9 0.8 0.4 0.4 5.4 0.8 88 69 56 94 118 0.5 0.5 0.7 3.5 0.4 0.2 0.1 2.8 0.4 574 429 332 568 767 3.3 2.1 2.9 12.5 1.5 0.7 0.6 9.8 1.5 116 91 74 124 156 0.7 0.8 1.1 4.6 0.5 0.3 0.2 3.6 0.5 443 333 258 442 593 2.6 1.6 2.6 10.1 1.1 0.6 0.5 7.9 1.1 407 303 233 399 543 2.3 1.4 2.4 9.6 1.2 0.6 0.5 7.4 1.2 292 221 171 292 391 1.7 1.5 1.8 14.9 2.1 1.0 0.4 11.6 2.1 419 366 289 487 587 3.7 1.6 2.3 8.6 1.1 1.8 1.7 6.7 1.1 Excise duty and VAT Bus. 95

Parliamentary constituency Mid Derbyshire Newark North East Derbyshire North Leicestershire Northampton North Northampton South Nottingham East Nottingham North Nottingham South Rushcliffe Rutland and Melton Sherwood Sleaford and North Hykeham South Derbyshire South Holland and The Deepings South Leicestershire South Northamptonshire Wellingborough Barnsley Central Region East East East East East East East East East East East East East East East East East East Yorkshire & The Direct employment by age Direct employment by status U25 25-44 45+ FT PT Net CAPEX ( m) Corp /NIC Total estimates ( m) Excise duty, VAT and excise duty on other drinks Bus. Corp Direct estimates /NIC 236 175 134 231 315 1.4 0.9 1.1 7.3 1.0 0.5 0.3 5.7 1.0 444 340 262 448 598 2.8 1.9 2.5 13.6 1.7 1.0 0.7 10.6 1.7 275 205 157 270 367 1.6 1.3 2.0 10.9 1.5 0.7 0.4 8.3 1.5 335 252 196 334 448 2.0 1.8 2.8 11.2 1.4 0.7 0.4 8.6 1.4 194 144 111 191 259 1.1 0.8 1.2 3.7 0.4 0.2 0.2 2.8 0.4 482 514 421 695 722 6.4 2.6 3.9 416.0 1.1 4.1 4.1 413.7 1.1 308 232 180 308 413 1.8 1.3 1.7 9.0 1.1 0.5 0.4 7.0 1.1 107 82 65 110 143 0.6 0.5 0.7 3.1 0.3 0.2 0.1 2.4 0.3 941 721 559 955 1,266 5.9 3.1 5.1 18.3 1.7 1.3 1.5 14.6 1.7 343 257 198 339 458 2.0 1.2 2.1 7.6 0.9 0.4 0.4 5.9 0.9 416 315 242 414 558 2.5 1.9 2.6 13.8 1.8 1.0 0.6 10.6 1.8 337 253 194 333 451 2.0 1.1 1.9 8.2 1.0 0.5 0.4 6.3 1.0 325 246 191 327 436 2.0 1.7 4.2 11.9 1.4 0.7 0.5 8.7 1.4 355 263 200 344 474 2.0 1.3 1.7 9.9 1.4 0.6 0.4 7.6 1.4 203 156 122 209 273 1.2 1.4 2.0 10.3 1.3 0.6 0.3 8.0 1.3 392 336 268 451 545 3.3 2.0 3.4 14.4 1.1 1.5 1.4 12.1 1.1 368 281 220 374 495 2.2 1.8 2.6 10.8 1.3 0.7 0.5 8.4 1.3 269 203 159 272 359 1.6 1.2 1.7 7.3 0.8 0.4 0.3 5.8 0.8 404 276 181 312 549 2.2 1.1 1.3 7.9 1.0 0.5 0.1 6.1 1.0 Excise duty and VAT Bus. 96

Parliamentary constituency Barnsley East Batley and Spen Beverley and Holderness Bradford East Bradford South Bradford Brigg and Goole Calder Valley Cleethorpes Colne Valley Dewsbury Don Valley Doncaster Central Doncaster North East Yorkshire Elmet and Rothwell Great Grimsby Halifax Haltemprice and Howden Region Yorkshire & The Yorkshire & The Yorkshire & The Yorkshire & The Yorkshire & The Yorkshire & The Yorkshire & The Yorkshire & The Yorkshire & The Yorkshire & The Yorkshire & The Yorkshire & The Yorkshire & The Yorkshire & The Yorkshire & The Yorkshire & The Yorkshire & The Yorkshire & The Yorkshire & The Direct employment by age Direct employment by status U25 25-44 45+ FT PT Net CAPEX ( m) Corp /NIC Total estimates ( m) Excise duty, VAT and excise duty on other drinks Bus. Corp Direct estimates /NIC 191 135 92 158 261 1.2 0.8 0.7 7.1 0.9 0.5 0.2 5.6 0.9 387 267 175 301 528 2.2 1.2 1.4 9.6 1.2 0.6 0.1 7.5 1.2 563 380 250 433 760 3.1 1.4 1.5 12.0 1.6 0.7 0.1 9.3 1.6 193 139 90 152 269 1.2 0.9 1.3 6.7 0.8 0.4 0.1 5.2 0.8 245 170 112 191 335 1.4 0.9 1.2 6.6 0.8 0.4 0.1 5.1 0.8 402 283 188 322 550 2.4 1.3 1.6 9.6 1.1 0.7 0.2 7.6 1.1 393 270 179 309 534 2.3 1.3 1.9 10.5 1.4 0.7 0.1 8.1 1.4 507 353 238 408 689 3.0 1.6 1.7 14.2 1.8 1.0 0.3 11.2 1.8 484 329 216 373 655 2.6 1.2 1.6 7.8 1.0 0.5 0.1 6.0 1.0 331 231 156 268 450 2.0 1.1 1.0 10.5 1.4 0.8 0.2 8.2 1.4 426 291 192 330 578 2.4 1.2 1.2 10.0 1.3 0.7 0.1 7.8 1.3 269 185 121 209 366 1.5 0.8 1.1 6.0 0.8 0.4 0.0 4.6 0.8 870 592 387 668 1,182 4.8 1.8 2.4 11.0 1.2 0.6 0.1 8.5 1.2 280 192 126 217 381 1.6 0.8 0.9 6.3 0.8 0.4 0.1 4.9 0.8 577 392 258 445 782 3.2 1.9 2.5 14.0 1.9 0.8 0.1 10.6 1.9 455 341 247 420 623 3.4 1.4 1.9 8.0 1.0 1.4 1.0 6.1 1.0 473 322 210 362 643 2.6 1.2 1.9 6.2 0.7 0.3 0.1 4.6 0.7 541 368 242 418 733 3.0 1.5 1.6 11.5 1.5 0.7 0.1 8.9 1.5 457 309 203 351 618 2.5 1.1 1.6 7.6 1.0 0.5 0.1 5.7 1.0 Excise duty and VAT Bus. 97

Parliamentary constituency Harrogate and Knaresborough Hemsworth Huddersfield Keighley Kingston upon Hull East Kingston upon Hull North Kingston upon Hull and Hessle Leeds Central Leeds East Leeds North East Leeds North Leeds Morley and Outwood Normanton, Pontefract and Castleford Penistone and Stocksbridge Pudsey Richmond (Yorks) Rother Valley Rotherham Region Yorkshire & The Yorkshire & The Yorkshire & The Yorkshire & The Yorkshire & The Yorkshire & The Yorkshire & The Yorkshire & The Yorkshire & The Yorkshire & The Yorkshire & The Yorkshire & The Yorkshire & The Yorkshire & The Yorkshire & The Yorkshire & The Yorkshire & The Yorkshire & The Yorkshire & The Direct employment by age Direct employment by status U25 25-44 45+ FT PT Net CAPEX ( m) Corp /NIC Total estimates ( m) Excise duty, VAT and excise duty on other drinks Bus. Corp Direct estimates /NIC 457 330 221 379 629 2.8 1.5 1.9 9.8 1.0 0.7 0.3 7.8 1.0 248 172 113 194 339 1.4 0.8 1.1 5.7 0.7 0.3 0.1 4.4 0.7 592 409 268 462 807 3.4 1.4 1.7 10.5 1.3 0.7 0.2 8.3 1.3 450 351 263 444 621 3.8 1.4 1.8 17.1 1.1 1.8 1.4 15.3 1.1 324 223 147 252 442 1.9 0.9 1.2 6.1 0.7 0.4 0.1 4.8 0.7 487 328 217 375 657 2.7 0.8 0.9 5.4 0.7 0.4 0.1 4.1 0.7 853 579 379 654 1,157 4.7 2.1 3.0 14.4 1.8 0.8 0.1 11.0 1.8 1,98 6 1,401 958 1,644 2,700 12.4 5.1 7.8 23.4 2.5 2.8 1.7 17.8 2.5 208 145 95 163 285 1.2 0.4 0.6 2.7 0.3 0.1 0.0 2.2 0.3 269 182 120 207 364 1.5 0.5 0.7 3.2 0.4 0.2 0.0 2.5 0.4 621 420 278 482 837 3.4 1.1 1.5 6.7 0.8 0.5 0.1 5.1 0.8 244 170 112 193 333 1.4 0.7 0.9 5.1 0.6 0.3 0.1 4.0 0.6 470 367 273 459 651 4.0 1.7 2.5 8.4 1.0 1.8 1.4 6.4 1.0 444 311 205 352 608 2.6 1.5 1.8 9.8 1.2 0.6 0.2 7.7 1.2 485 326 214 370 655 2.6 1.1 1.3 8.5 1.1 0.5 0.0 6.5 1.1 419 285 187 322 568 2.3 1.2 1.6 7.5 0.9 0.4 0.0 5.7 0.9 777 541 366 630 1,054 4.6 3.0 5.0 20.5 2.7 1.6 0.5 15.1 2.7 425 285 187 324 573 2.3 0.9 1.1 5.3 0.7 0.3 0.0 4.0 0.7 434 294 192 332 588 2.4 1.0 1.2 7.8 1.0 0.5 0.0 6.1 1.0 Excise duty and VAT Bus. 98

Parliamentary constituency Region Direct employment by age Direct employment by status U25 25-44 45+ FT PT Net CAPEX ( m) Corp /NIC Total estimates ( m) Excise duty, VAT and excise duty on other drinks Bus. Corp Direct estimates Scarborough and Whitby Yorkshire & The 808 551 363 629 1,092 4.4 2.2 2.5 17.2 2.3 1.1 0.1 13.2 2.3 Scunthorpe Yorkshire & The 419 286 187 323 570 2.3 1.1 1.5 6.9 0.8 0.4 0.1 5.3 0.8 Selby and Ainsty Yorkshire & The 596 561 491 809 838 8.1 3.1 4.7 515.0 1.9 5.6 4.8 511.5 1.9 Sheffield Central Yorkshire & 1,52 The 1 1,034 688 1,189 2,054 8.5 3.1 3.8 21.2 2.5 1.5 0.5 16.6 2.5 Sheffield South East Yorkshire & The 409 296 192 325 571 2.5 1.5 2.2 8.8 0.8 0.5 0.2 7.0 0.8 Sheffield, Brightside and Yorkshire & Hillsborough The 158 117 78 133 220 1.0 0.5 0.6 4.9 0.6 0.4 0.1 4.0 0.6 Sheffield, Hallam Yorkshire & The 372 253 170 294 502 2.1 0.8 0.9 6.3 0.8 0.5 0.2 5.0 0.8 Sheffield, Heeley Yorkshire & The 206 141 92 159 280 1.1 0.6 0.6 4.4 0.6 0.3 0.0 3.4 0.6 Shipley Yorkshire & The 393 272 182 313 533 2.3 1.1 1.4 8.2 1.0 0.6 0.2 6.4 1.0 Skipton and Ripon Yorkshire & The 948 687 487 831 1,291 6.5 3.0 4.1 37.2 2.5 2.5 1.5 32.6 2.5 Thirsk and Malton Yorkshire & The 707 488 325 561 959 4.0 2.6 3.5 19.8 2.6 1.3 0.2 15.0 2.6 Wakefield Yorkshire & The 623 431 287 494 847 3.6 1.6 1.7 13.4 1.6 1.0 0.3 10.7 1.6 Wentworth and Dearne Yorkshire & The 360 249 165 282 491 2.1 1.0 1.2 7.3 0.9 0.5 0.1 5.7 0.9 York Central Yorkshire & 1,25 The 9 852 564 976 1,698 6.9 2.4 3.0 15.4 1.8 1.0 0.2 11.9 1.8 York Outer Yorkshire & The 381 266 174 298 523 2.2 1.1 1.5 6.7 0.7 0.4 0.1 5.2 0.7 Altrincham and Sale North 302 245 182 273 456 1.8 1.1 1.7 5.8 0.6 0.3 0.1 4.6 0.6 Ashton-under-Lyne North 397 319 236 353 599 2.3 1.3 1.2 11.3 1.5 0.7 0.1 9.0 1.5 Barrow and Furness North 361 300 226 337 551 2.4 1.3 1.2 12.2 1.6 1.0 0.4 9.7 1.6 Birkenhead North 249 203 152 228 376 1.6 1.0 1.1 8.1 1.0 0.5 0.2 6.5 1.0 Blackburn North 348 507 452 630 676 8.6 2.8 3.5 13.4 1.0 7.0 6.6 11.6 1.0 Blackley and Broughton North 150 155 127 184 248 1.9 0.9 1.2 11.8 0.6 1.2 1.0 10.8 0.6 /NIC Excise duty and VAT Bus. 99

Parliamentary constituency Blackpool North and Cleveleys Region Direct employment by age Direct employment by status U25 25-44 45+ FT PT Net CAPEX ( m) Corp /NIC Total estimates ( m) Excise duty, VAT and excise duty on other drinks Bus. Corp Direct estimates /NIC North 431 345 255 382 648 2.5 0.9 1.0 5.8 0.7 0.3 0.1 4.6 0.7 Blackpool South North 762 613 453 682 1,146 4.6 2.2 2.6 10.8 1.1 0.6 0.4 8.5 1.1 Bolton North East North 275 229 172 258 419 1.8 1.1 1.3 8.0 0.9 0.6 0.3 6.5 0.9 Bolton South East North 381 307 228 340 575 2.3 1.2 1.4 9.2 1.1 0.5 0.2 7.3 1.1 Bolton North 309 251 187 281 467 1.9 1.3 1.5 7.8 0.9 0.5 0.2 6.2 0.9 Bootle North 342 274 203 304 516 2.0 1.0 1.2 7.4 0.9 0.4 0.1 5.8 0.9 Burnley North 347 282 210 315 524 2.2 1.3 1.4 12.2 1.2 0.6 0.3 10.2 1.2 Bury North North 367 299 224 334 555 2.3 1.2 1.3 8.4 1.0 0.6 0.2 6.8 1.0 Bury South North 291 235 175 261 439 1.8 1.0 1.0 7.1 0.9 0.4 0.1 5.7 0.9 Carlisle North 479 388 289 432 723 2.9 1.6 1.9 9.8 1.1 0.6 0.2 7.8 1.1 Cheadle North 374 302 225 336 564 2.3 1.1 1.4 5.9 0.6 0.3 0.2 4.8 0.6 Chorley North 438 352 262 392 660 2.6 1.4 1.5 11.1 1.4 0.7 0.2 8.7 1.4 City of Chester North 945 759 561 843 1,422 5.6 2.6 3.1 14.3 1.5 0.8 0.4 11.3 1.5 Congleton North 401 325 242 363 605 2.5 1.4 1.4 10.6 1.3 0.7 0.2 8.4 1.3 Copeland North 450 363 269 405 679 2.7 1.3 1.1 12.6 1.7 0.8 0.2 10.0 1.7 Crewe and Nantwich North 461 374 279 419 695 2.8 1.8 2.5 11.3 1.2 0.6 0.3 9.0 1.2 Denton and Reddish North 261 213 159 238 396 1.6 1.0 1.1 6.4 0.7 0.4 0.1 5.1 0.7 Eddisbury North 463 377 281 420 700 2.9 1.5 1.6 11.4 1.4 0.8 0.3 9.1 1.4 Ellesmere Port and Neston North 403 326 243 364 608 2.5 1.2 1.6 7.3 0.7 0.4 0.2 5.8 0.7 Fylde North 478 384 284 426 719 2.8 1.2 1.6 6.9 0.7 0.4 0.1 5.4 0.7 Garston and Halewood North 204 169 127 191 308 1.3 0.8 1.1 5.7 0.5 0.3 0.2 4.8 0.5 Halton North 343 277 206 308 518 2.1 1.1 1.2 8.5 1.0 0.5 0.1 6.7 1.0 Hazel Grove North 299 276 217 317 475 2.8 1.4 1.5 7.5 0.9 1.5 1.1 5.9 0.9 Heywood and Middleton North 365 327 254 373 574 3.1 1.5 1.6 15.2 1.3 1.6 1.1 13.0 1.3 Hyndburn North 302 248 186 277 459 1.9 1.3 1.2 11.3 1.4 0.7 0.2 9.1 1.4 Knowsley North 217 178 133 199 329 1.4 1.1 1.4 5.4 0.5 0.3 0.2 4.3 0.5 Lancaster and Fleetwood North 453 369 275 412 686 2.8 1.4 1.5 9.8 1.1 0.7 0.3 7.9 1.1 Excise duty and VAT Bus. 100

Parliamentary constituency Region Direct employment by age Direct employment by status U25 25-44 45+ FT PT Net CAPEX ( m) Corp /NIC Total estimates ( m) Excise duty, VAT and excise duty on other drinks Bus. Corp Direct estimates Leigh North 434 395 309 451 687 3.9 1.6 1.9 8.9 1.1 1.9 1.5 7.0 1.1 Liverpool, Riverside North 1,93 8 1,557 1,15 4 /NIC Excise duty and VAT 1,728 2,921 11.5 4.9 5.8 30.0 3.4 1.8 0.7 23.7 3.4 Liverpool, Walton North 236 191 142 215 355 1.5 0.8 0.8 7.6 0.9 0.5 0.2 6.1 0.9 Liverpool, Wavertree North 315 252 187 279 474 1.8 1.0 1.0 7.2 0.9 0.4 0.1 5.7 0.9 Liverpool, Derby North 221 176 130 195 332 1.3 0.5 0.5 3.5 0.4 0.2 0.1 2.8 0.4 Macclesfield North 478 388 289 432 723 2.9 1.6 1.7 12.8 1.6 0.8 0.3 10.1 1.6 Makerfield North 250 200 148 222 376 1.5 0.9 0.9 6.6 0.9 0.4 0.1 5.1 0.9 Manchester Central North 2,37 0 2,013 1,52 6 2,268 3,641 17.1 7.1 9.7 387.5 3.3 5.0 3.9 380.4 3.3 Manchester, Gorton North 169 137 102 154 253 1.0 0.6 0.6 4.5 0.5 0.3 0.1 3.6 0.5 Manchester, Withington North 579 462 341 511 872 3.4 1.3 1.4 8.3 1.0 0.5 0.1 6.5 1.0 Morecambe and Lunesdale North 353 288 215 322 535 2.2 1.3 1.2 8.8 1.0 0.6 0.2 7.0 1.0 Oldham East and Saddleworth North 324 261 194 289 490 1.9 1.1 1.0 10.1 1.4 0.6 0.1 7.9 1.4 Oldham and Royton North 460 371 276 413 695 2.8 1.5 1.6 10.3 1.2 0.6 0.2 8.2 1.2 Pendle North 213 174 130 195 322 1.3 1.0 1.2 6.2 0.7 0.4 0.1 4.9 0.7 Penrith and The Border North 461 376 280 422 695 2.9 2.1 1.8 17.6 2.3 1.2 0.3 13.9 2.3 Preston North 525 426 318 475 794 3.2 1.7 2.1 10.4 1.1 0.6 0.3 8.3 1.1 Ribble Valley North 533 511 406 592 858 5.5 2.4 2.7 207.6 1.5 3.0 2.5 205.1 1.5 Rochdale North 328 265 198 296 495 2.0 1.2 1.2 9.0 1.1 0.5 0.2 7.2 1.1 Rossendale and Darwen North 261 215 161 240 397 1.7 1.1 1.0 9.5 1.2 0.7 0.2 7.6 1.2 Salford and Eccles North 360 297 223 337 544 2.3 1.8 2.6 10.9 1.1 0.7 0.3 8.7 1.1 Sefton Central North 390 314 233 348 589 2.3 1.0 1.2 5.8 0.6 0.3 0.1 4.6 0.6 South Ribble North 323 261 194 291 488 2.0 1.1 1.3 6.5 0.7 0.4 0.2 5.1 0.7 Southport North 368 299 223 334 555 2.3 1.1 1.3 7.3 0.8 0.4 0.2 5.9 0.8 St Helens North North 279 226 168 251 423 1.7 0.9 0.9 6.5 0.8 0.4 0.1 5.1 0.8 St Helens South and Whiston North 532 438 328 489 809 3.5 1.6 1.8 11.2 1.3 0.9 0.5 8.9 1.3 Stalybridge and Hyde North 298 241 180 268 451 1.8 1.2 1.0 9.7 1.3 0.6 0.2 7.7 1.3 Bus. 101

Parliamentary constituency Region Direct employment by age Direct employment by status U25 25-44 45+ FT PT Net CAPEX ( m) Corp /NIC Total estimates ( m) Excise duty, VAT and excise duty on other drinks Bus. Corp Direct estimates Stockport North 435 384 297 437 679 3.6 2.1 2.4 16.5 1.2 1.5 1.1 14.3 1.2 Stretford and Urmston North 366 309 234 357 552 2.6 1.8 3.1 9.4 0.5 0.5 0.8 8.0 0.5 Tatton North 558 453 337 505 843 3.4 2.1 2.8 11.0 1.2 0.7 0.3 8.6 1.2 Wallasey North 310 248 183 274 467 1.8 0.9 0.9 6.2 0.8 0.4 0.1 4.8 0.8 Warrington North North 379 314 236 355 574 2.5 1.7 2.3 8.8 0.7 0.5 0.4 7.1 0.7 Warrington South North 687 552 409 612 1,035 4.1 2.0 2.5 11.8 1.3 0.7 0.3 9.2 1.3 Weaver Vale North 374 347 273 400 594 3.6 1.6 2.1 7.6 0.8 1.7 1.5 6.1 0.8 Lancashire North 416 338 251 377 628 2.5 1.5 1.6 10.4 1.2 0.6 0.2 8.3 1.2 morland and Lonsdale North 836 689 515 772 1,267 5.4 2.7 2.6 17.2 1.9 1.4 0.7 13.8 1.9 Wigan North 493 402 300 450 747 3.1 1.8 2.0 12.5 1.5 0.8 0.4 10.0 1.5 Wirral South North 343 276 205 306 518 2.0 0.9 1.1 5.1 0.5 0.3 0.1 4.0 0.5 Wirral North 281 225 166 249 423 1.6 0.6 0.7 4.1 0.5 0.2 0.1 3.3 0.5 Workington North 262 226 173 257 404 2.0 1.4 1.2 13.7 1.6 1.1 0.5 11.3 1.6 Worsley and Eccles South North 335 270 201 300 505 2.0 1.1 1.2 6.7 0.8 0.4 0.1 5.3 0.8 Wyre and Preston North North 563 452 335 500 850 3.3 1.3 1.6 7.3 0.8 0.4 0.2 5.8 0.8 Wythenshawe and Sale East North 325 265 197 298 490 2.0 1.3 1.9 6.5 0.6 0.4 0.1 5.2 0.6 Berwick-upon-Tweed North East 301 217 241 274 485 3.5 2.1 3.6 13.5 1.7 0.8 0.8 10.2 1.7 Bishop Auckland North East 203 146 163 186 326 2.4 1.4 1.8 13.4 1.8 0.8 0.5 10.6 1.8 Blaydon North East 332 241 268 306 535 3.9 1.5 2.5 9.7 0.9 0.5 0.8 7.9 0.9 Blyth Valley North East 201 142 159 181 321 2.3 0.8 1.4 6.0 0.7 0.3 0.5 4.7 0.7 City of Durham North East 344 265 295 329 575 4.5 1.3 2.2 9.8 1.1 1.1 1.3 7.8 1.1 Darlington North East 260 187 209 237 419 3.1 1.2 2.2 8.5 1.0 0.5 0.7 6.7 1.0 Easington North East 102 75 83 95 164 1.2 0.7 0.9 5.9 0.7 0.3 0.3 4.7 0.7 Gateshead North East 190 139 154 176 307 2.2 1.0 1.7 8.0 0.9 0.5 0.5 6.3 0.9 Hartlepool North East 279 231 257 281 486 4.0 1.4 2.4 10.8 1.1 1.3 1.4 8.8 1.1 Hexham North East 323 233 262 294 525 3.9 1.8 4.0 12.4 1.5 0.8 1.0 9.2 1.5 Houghton and Sunderland South North East 113 88 98 110 190 1.5 0.9 1.2 5.5 0.6 0.5 0.4 4.4 0.6 /NIC Excise duty and VAT Bus. 102

Parliamentary constituency Region Direct employment by age Direct employment by status U25 25-44 45+ FT PT Net CAPEX ( m) Corp /NIC Total estimates ( m) Excise duty, VAT and excise duty on other drinks Bus. Corp Direct estimates Jarrow North East 197 138 155 175 314 2.3 0.7 1.3 5.3 0.6 0.3 0.5 4.2 0.6 Middlesbrough North East 340 241 270 307 544 4.0 1.3 2.4 9.1 1.0 0.5 0.9 7.3 1.0 Middlesbrough South and East Cleveland North East 195 137 154 174 312 2.3 0.9 1.3 7.4 1.0 0.5 0.5 5.8 1.0 Newcastle upon Tyne 1,23 North East Central 3 856 964 1,089 1,964 14.3 3.6 7.5 18.4 1.9 1.0 3.0 14.2 1.9 Newcastle upon Tyne East North East 294 212 236 268 474 3.5 1.0 2.2 6.6 0.7 0.4 0.8 5.2 0.7 Newcastle upon Tyne North North East 236 169 189 215 380 2.8 0.9 1.8 4.8 0.4 0.3 0.6 3.8 0.4 North Durham North East 189 135 151 172 304 2.2 0.9 1.3 6.8 0.8 0.4 0.5 5.4 0.8 North Tyneside North East 296 207 233 264 472 3.5 1.3 2.3 7.6 0.9 0.4 0.7 5.9 0.9 North Durham North East 168 120 134 152 270 2.0 1.2 1.5 11.7 1.6 0.7 0.4 9.2 1.6 Redcar North East 249 174 196 222 397 2.9 0.9 1.8 6.6 0.8 0.4 0.6 5.2 0.8 Sedgefield North East 223 158 177 201 357 2.6 1.0 1.6 8.3 1.0 0.5 0.5 6.6 1.0 South Shields North East 282 195 220 248 448 3.3 1.1 1.8 8.8 1.2 0.5 0.7 6.9 1.2 Stockton North North East 289 206 230 262 462 3.4 1.2 2.1 9.6 1.1 0.5 0.7 7.6 1.1 Stockton South North East 262 192 215 242 428 3.2 1.1 2.2 6.4 0.6 0.5 0.8 5.0 0.6 Sunderland Central North East 474 334 374 425 758 5.5 1.7 2.9 13.6 1.6 0.8 1.2 10.8 1.6 Tynemouth North East 355 253 284 320 572 4.2 1.5 2.7 9.3 1.1 0.6 0.9 7.2 1.1 Wansbeck North East 171 123 137 156 276 2.0 0.8 1.2 6.9 0.9 0.4 0.5 5.5 0.9 Washington and Sunderland North East 214 151 170 193 342 2.5 0.8 1.6 5.5 0.6 0.3 0.5 4.4 0.6 Aberavon Wales 218 190 141 238 311 1.1 0.6 0.7 4.8 0.6 0.3 0.0 3.8 0.6 Aberconwy Wales 368 322 240 405 525 2.0 1.0 1.0 7.4 0.9 0.5 0.1 5.8 0.9 Alyn and Deeside Wales 259 227 169 284 370 1.4 0.9 1.2 6.7 0.9 0.4 0.1 5.2 0.9 Arfon Wales 352 307 227 384 502 1.8 1.0 1.0 8.1 1.1 0.5 0.0 6.3 1.1 Blaenau Gwent Wales 196 172 131 225 274 1.3 0.8 0.7 7.3 1.1 0.7 0.3 5.7 1.1 Brecon and Radnorshire Wales 343 300 222 377 488 1.8 1.5 1.3 15.3 2.2 1.0 0.1 11.8 2.2 Bridgend Wales 445 388 287 484 635 2.3 1.0 1.2 7.1 0.9 0.4 0.1 5.5 0.9 Caerphilly Wales 296 258 192 326 419 1.6 0.8 0.9 6.0 0.8 0.4 0.1 4.7 0.8 /NIC Excise duty and VAT Bus. 103

Parliamentary constituency Cardiff Central Region Wales Direct employment by age Direct employment by status U25 25-44 45+ FT PT 1,18 5 Net CAPEX ( m) Corp /NIC Total estimates ( m) Excise duty, VAT and excise duty on other drinks Bus. Corp Direct estimates /NIC 1,032 760 1,287 1,690 6.1 2.3 3.0 10.3 1.1 0.6 0.1 7.7 1.1 Cardiff North Wales 413 365 284 495 567 3.1 1.1 1.5 4.6 0.5 1.4 1.2 3.6 0.5 Cardiff South and Penarth Wales 464 412 326 571 632 3.8 1.6 2.5 12.4 0.5 1.8 1.6 11.0 0.5 Cardiff Wales 324 283 210 355 462 1.7 0.7 0.9 5.0 0.6 0.3 0.1 3.9 0.6 Carmarthen East and Dinefwr Wales 169 148 112 189 239 1.0 1.1 0.9 12.2 1.8 0.8 0.1 9.5 1.8 Carmarthen and South Pembrokeshire Wales 383 336 251 423 547 2.1 1.5 1.3 15.1 2.1 1.0 0.1 11.8 2.1 Ceredigion Wales 310 271 202 341 443 1.6 1.3 1.3 12.0 1.7 0.7 0.1 9.2 1.7 Clwyd South Wales 164 143 106 180 234 0.9 0.8 0.7 7.6 1.1 0.5 0.0 5.9 1.1 Clwyd Wales 268 235 176 297 381 1.5 0.9 0.9 8.8 1.2 0.6 0.1 6.9 1.2 Cynon Valley Wales 164 144 107 181 233 0.9 0.7 0.5 7.4 1.1 0.5 0.1 5.8 1.1 Delyn Wales 278 242 179 303 396 1.4 1.0 0.9 9.5 1.4 0.6 0.0 7.4 1.4 Dwyfor Meirionnydd Wales 430 375 278 472 612 2.3 1.4 1.2 11.2 1.5 0.8 0.1 8.6 1.5 Gower Wales 352 307 228 388 499 1.9 0.9 0.9 7.0 0.9 0.6 0.2 5.4 0.9 Islwyn Wales 175 153 113 191 250 0.9 0.7 0.5 6.3 0.9 0.4 0.0 4.9 0.9 Llanelli Wales 302 265 202 346 424 1.9 1.1 0.9 10.1 1.4 1.0 0.4 8.0 1.4 Merthyr Tydfil and Rhymney Wales 199 174 129 218 285 1.0 0.9 0.7 8.3 1.2 0.5 0.0 6.4 1.2 Monmouth Wales 463 404 299 506 660 2.4 1.5 1.4 13.6 1.9 0.9 0.1 10.5 1.9 Montgomeryshire Wales 214 187 140 236 305 1.1 1.1 1.0 11.5 1.6 0.7 0.1 8.9 1.6 Neath Wales 166 145 108 182 237 0.9 0.7 0.6 6.3 0.9 0.4 0.0 4.9 0.9 Newport East Wales 331 300 264 485 409 4.5 1.4 1.9 386.3 0.5 3.4 3.1 385.3 0.5 Newport Wales 538 469 347 590 764 2.9 1.3 1.6 9.6 1.2 0.7 0.2 7.5 1.2 Ogmore Wales 215 188 139 235 307 1.1 0.7 0.6 7.3 1.0 0.5 0.1 5.6 1.0 Pontypridd Wales 296 259 193 324 422 1.5 0.8 0.9 6.9 0.9 0.4 0.1 5.4 0.9 Preseli Pembrokeshire Wales 288 251 187 315 410 1.5 1.2 1.0 12.9 1.9 0.8 0.1 10.0 1.9 Rhondda Wales 129 113 84 142 185 0.7 0.6 0.4 6.0 0.9 0.4 0.0 4.7 0.9 Swansea East Wales 275 242 185 316 386 1.8 1.0 1.3 6.6 0.8 0.7 0.4 5.1 0.8 Excise duty and VAT Bus. 104

Parliamentary constituency Region Direct employment by age Direct employment by status U25 25-44 45+ FT PT Net CAPEX ( m) Corp /NIC Total estimates ( m) Excise duty, VAT and excise duty on other drinks Bus. Corp Direct estimates Swansea Wales 672 585 431 730 958 3.4 1.3 1.6 8.8 1.1 0.5 0.1 6.7 1.1 Torfaen Wales 226 198 149 251 322 1.2 0.8 0.8 7.1 0.9 0.5 0.1 5.6 0.9 Vale of Clwyd Wales 297 260 194 329 422 1.6 0.8 0.8 7.8 1.1 0.6 0.1 6.1 1.1 Vale of Glamorgan Wales 457 398 294 498 652 2.4 1.1 1.2 8.4 1.1 0.5 0.1 6.5 1.1 Wrexham Wales 430 375 278 471 613 2.3 1.1 1.4 7.4 0.9 0.5 0.1 5.7 0.9 Ynys Mon Wales 314 274 202 342 447 1.6 1.1 1.0 9.3 1.3 0.6 0.0 7.2 1.3 Aberdeen North Scotland 390 338 270 447 551 2.8 1.6 2.4 12.4 1.3 0.7 0.8 10.1 1.3 Aberdeen South Scotland 348 302 241 399 491 2.5 1.9 3.5 9.9 1.0 0.5 0.7 7.9 1.0 Airdrie and Shotts Scotland 147 126 102 167 207 1.1 0.9 1.2 6.8 0.8 0.4 0.3 5.4 0.8 Angus Scotland 201 174 139 230 284 1.5 1.3 1.4 11.8 1.5 0.7 0.4 9.4 1.5 Argyll and Bute Scotland 492 425 341 566 693 3.9 2.5 2.9 23.1 3.1 1.6 1.1 18.3 3.1 Ayr, Carrick and Cumnock Scotland 298 256 205 340 420 2.2 1.6 1.8 14.5 1.9 0.9 0.6 11.6 1.9 Banff and Buchan Scotland 178 154 124 204 251 1.3 1.4 1.6 11.6 1.5 0.7 0.4 9.2 1.5 Berwickshire, Roxburgh and Selkirk Scotland 208 181 146 241 294 1.6 1.4 1.5 12.6 1.6 0.8 0.5 10.0 1.6 Caithness, Sutherland and Easter Ross Scotland 124 109 87 144 176 0.9 0.8 1.0 6.5 0.8 0.4 0.3 5.2 0.8 Central Ayrshire Scotland 294 252 202 333 415 2.1 1.2 1.7 8.5 0.9 0.5 0.6 6.9 0.9 Coatbridge, Chryston and Bellshill Scotland 236 202 163 268 333 1.7 1.6 2.5 7.8 0.8 0.4 0.5 6.2 0.8 Cumbernauld, Kilsyth and Kirkintilloch East Scotland 163 140 112 185 230 1.2 0.6 1.0 4.6 0.5 0.3 0.3 3.7 0.5 Dumfries and Galloway Scotland 291 251 202 334 411 2.2 2.0 2.0 19.2 2.6 1.2 0.6 15.3 2.6 Dumfriesshire, Clydesdale and Tweeddale Scotland 240 212 171 284 339 2.1 1.5 1.6 13.5 1.7 1.0 0.6 10.8 1.7 Dundee East Scotland 165 143 115 190 233 1.2 0.9 1.2 7.5 0.9 0.4 0.4 6.1 0.9 Dundee Scotland 270 234 187 310 382 1.9 1.4 1.8 12.1 1.4 0.7 0.5 9.8 1.4 Dunfermline and Fife Scotland 322 274 220 363 453 2.3 1.5 2.1 10.4 1.2 0.6 0.6 8.3 1.2 East Dunbartonshire Scotland 109 95 77 127 155 0.8 0.5 0.8 3.4 0.3 0.2 0.2 2.8 0.3 East Kilbride, Strathaven and Lesmahagow Scotland 217 188 151 250 307 1.6 1.1 1.7 5.7 0.5 0.3 0.5 4.7 0.5 /NIC Excise duty and VAT Bus. 105

Parliamentary constituency Region Direct employment by age Direct employment by status U25 25-44 45+ FT PT Net CAPEX ( m) Corp /NIC Total estimates ( m) Excise duty, VAT and excise duty on other drinks Bus. Corp Direct estimates East Lothian Scotland 243 301 264 458 349 8.4 1.7 2.1 18.5 1.0 3.4 3.3 16.9 1.0 East Renfrewshire Scotland 90 81 65 108 128 0.7 0.5 0.7 3.5 0.3 0.2 0.2 2.9 0.3 Edinburgh East Scotland 641 554 439 732 903 4.5 2.4 3.5 18.0 2.1 1.1 1.3 14.3 2.1 Edinburgh North and Leith Scotland 824 708 566 937 1,160 6.0 3.8 5.8 24.7 2.8 1.5 1.6 19.7 2.8 Edinburgh South Scotland 103 90 72 119 146 0.8 0.5 0.7 3.7 0.4 0.2 0.2 3.0 0.4 Edinburgh South Scotland 304 405 362 632 439 12.8 2.6 4.0 18.1 0.8 5.1 5.1 16.4 0.8 Edinburgh Scotland 181 162 128 214 256 1.3 1.3 1.9 7.2 0.6 0.4 0.4 5.8 0.6 Falkirk Scotland 201 176 141 233 284 1.5 1.1 1.3 9.0 1.0 0.5 0.4 7.3 1.0 Glasgow Central Scotland 1,59 9 1,362 1,08 9 /NIC Excise duty and VAT 1,800 2,250 11.3 6.8 11.4 38.6 4.3 2.2 3.0 30.1 4.3 Glasgow East Scotland 190 166 133 220 269 1.4 1.2 1.6 7.8 0.8 0.4 0.4 6.3 0.8 Glasgow North Scotland 343 291 233 385 482 2.4 1.1 1.7 8.6 1.1 0.5 0.6 6.8 1.1 Glasgow North East Scotland 177 279 259 456 259 10.7 1.7 2.5 109.0 0.5 4.4 4.3 108.0 0.5 Glasgow North Scotland 95 83 67 110 135 0.7 0.6 0.8 3.7 0.4 0.2 0.2 3.0 0.4 Glasgow South Scotland 167 144 115 190 236 1.2 0.6 0.9 4.1 0.4 0.2 0.3 3.3 0.4 Glasgow South Scotland 90 82 66 109 129 0.7 0.6 0.8 4.3 0.3 0.2 0.2 3.7 0.3 Glenrothes Scotland 162 139 112 184 228 1.2 1.1 1.5 6.9 0.8 0.4 0.3 5.5 0.8 Gordon Scotland 215 189 151 250 305 1.6 1.5 2.7 18.8 0.8 0.4 0.4 17.2 0.8 Inverclyde Scotland 146 127 102 168 207 1.1 0.8 1.1 6.2 0.7 0.3 0.3 5.0 0.7 Inverness, Nairn, Badenoch and Strathspey Scotland 416 362 290 480 587 3.1 1.9 2.8 12.8 1.3 0.8 0.9 10.4 1.3 Kilmarnock and Loudoun Scotland 223 190 153 252 315 1.6 1.2 1.5 10.2 1.3 0.6 0.4 8.1 1.3 Kirkcaldy and Cowdenbeath Scotland 223 191 154 253 314 1.6 1.3 1.5 10.9 1.4 0.6 0.5 8.8 1.4 Lanark and Hamilton East Scotland 237 206 165 272 335 1.7 1.5 1.8 10.4 1.2 0.6 0.5 8.4 1.2 Linlithgow and East Falkirk Scotland 171 149 120 198 242 1.3 1.2 1.7 8.5 0.9 0.5 0.4 6.9 0.9 Livingston Scotland 180 230 205 355 261 6.6 1.7 2.6 7.7 0.6 2.7 2.6 6.4 0.6 Midlothian Scotland 142 126 103 169 201 1.3 0.9 1.1 6.8 0.7 0.5 0.4 5.5 0.7 Moray Scotland 206 180 144 239 291 1.6 1.7 2.0 12.8 1.6 0.8 0.5 10.1 1.6 Motherwell and Wishaw Scotland 180 154 124 204 253 1.3 0.8 1.1 6.1 0.7 0.3 0.4 4.9 0.7 Bus. 106

Parliamentary constituency Region Direct employment by age Direct employment by status U25 25-44 45+ FT PT Net CAPEX ( m) Corp /NIC Total estimates ( m) Excise duty, VAT and excise duty on other drinks Bus. Corp Direct estimates Na h-eileanan An Iar Scotland 58 50 40 67 82 0.4 0.3 0.4 2.8 0.3 0.2 0.1 2.2 0.3 North Ayrshire and Arran Scotland 282 245 197 326 398 2.3 1.4 1.6 11.9 1.6 0.8 0.7 9.5 1.6 North East Fife Scotland 356 305 244 403 502 2.6 1.7 2.0 13.1 1.7 0.8 0.7 10.3 1.7 Ochil and South Perthshire Scotland 227 217 177 299 322 3.0 1.6 1.9 13.6 1.4 1.3 1.0 11.3 1.4 Orkney and Shetland Scotland 147 134 108 181 208 1.5 0.9 1.1 8.2 1.0 0.6 0.5 6.7 1.0 Paisley and Renfrewshire North Scotland 200 178 144 238 285 1.6 1.4 2.1 8.1 0.6 0.4 0.5 6.7 0.6 Paisley and Renfrewshire South Scotland 213 181 145 239 300 1.5 0.9 1.2 8.6 1.1 0.5 0.4 6.8 1.1 Perth and North Perthshire Scotland 325 287 231 384 460 2.7 1.9 2.4 14.8 1.6 1.0 0.8 12.0 1.6 Ross, Skye and Lochaber Scotland 232 206 165 276 327 2.0 1.2 1.6 9.1 1.0 0.7 0.6 7.3 1.0 Rutherglen and Hamilton Scotland 227 192 155 255 319 1.6 1.1 1.5 7.0 0.8 0.4 0.4 5.5 0.8 Stirling Scotland 305 269 216 360 430 2.5 1.7 2.2 13.0 1.4 0.9 0.8 10.5 1.4 Aberdeenshire and Kincardine Scotland 219 190 153 253 308 1.7 1.3 2.0 8.8 1.0 0.6 0.5 6.9 1.0 Dunbartonshire Scotland 180 156 125 206 255 1.3 1.1 1.4 7.3 0.9 0.4 0.4 5.8 0.9 Belfast East Northern Ireland 154 240 225 334 285 0.6 1.0 1.2 6.3 0.6 0.4 0.1 5.1 0.6 Belfast North Northern Ireland 191 301 268 436 325 4.0 1.2 1.5 6.9 0.7 1.4 1.1 5.6 0.7 Belfast South Northern Ireland 544 849 783 1,203 974 6.0 2.4 3.3 42.9 0.7 1.8 1.4 41.0 0.7 Belfast Northern Ireland 90 140 131 195 166 0.3 0.6 0.6 5.7 0.6 0.3 0.1 4.7 0.6 East Antrim Northern Ireland 106 165 156 229 197 0.4 0.5 0.6 2.9 0.2 0.1 0.1 2.4 0.2 East Londonderry Northern Ireland 185 287 271 400 343 0.7 1.1 0.9 8.3 0.9 0.5 0.1 6.7 0.9 Fermanagh and South Northern Tyrone Ireland 158 246 232 344 293 0.6 1.9 1.2 18.8 2.5 1.1 0.1 15.1 2.5 Foyle Northern Ireland 174 271 255 377 323 0.7 1.0 1.0 8.0 0.8 0.5 0.1 6.6 0.8 Lagan Valley Northern Ireland 115 180 168 251 212 0.5 1.2 1.0 11.0 1.3 0.6 0.1 8.9 1.3 /NIC Excise duty and VAT Bus. 107

Parliamentary constituency Mid Ulster Newry and Armagh North Antrim North Down South Antrim South Down Strangford Upper Bann Tyrone Region Northern Ireland Northern Ireland Northern Ireland Northern Ireland Northern Ireland Northern Ireland Northern Ireland Northern Ireland Northern Ireland Direct employment by age Direct employment by status U25 25-44 45+ FT PT Net CAPEX ( m) Corp /NIC Total estimates ( m) Excise duty, VAT and excise duty on other drinks Bus. Corp Direct estimates /NIC 109 170 159 237 201 0.5 1.2 0.9 10.8 1.4 0.6 0.1 8.6 1.4 141 221 207 308 262 0.5 1.3 1.1 12.3 1.4 0.7 0.1 10.1 1.4 151 235 221 328 279 0.6 1.3 1.0 11.6 1.4 0.7 0.1 9.4 1.4 144 224 211 312 268 0.5 0.8 0.7 6.3 0.7 0.4 0.1 5.1 0.7 146 229 208 326 256 2.1 1.0 1.2 5.8 0.5 0.8 0.6 4.8 0.5 147 228 215 318 272 0.6 1.1 0.8 10.7 1.4 0.6 0.1 8.6 1.4 115 180 169 251 213 0.5 0.8 0.7 5.4 0.5 0.3 0.1 4.4 0.5 138 216 203 300 256 0.5 1.2 1.2 10.1 1.1 0.6 0.1 8.2 1.1 94 146 137 204 173 0.4 1.2 0.7 12.8 1.7 0.8 0.1 10.3 1.7 Excise duty and VAT Bus. 108

109