pg. 446 (5 th) pg. 456 (6 th )

pg. 446 (5 th) pg. 456 (6 th )

African Landscape Plateau Highest in: Ethiopian Highlands Drakensberg Mtns. Lesotho & So. Africa pg. 452 (5 th) pg. 459 (6 th )

Ethiopian Highlands Canyons carved by water

Ethiopian Highlands

Drakensberg Mtns, So. Af.

Lesotho

Major Rivers 1. Niger 2. Congo 3. Blue Nile 4. Victoria/White Nile 5. Zambezi pg. 452 (5 th) pg. 459 (6 th )

Rivers Rapids and Waterfalls Limits transportation Good for Tourism Whitewater Rafting

Beautiful Waterfalls Blue Nile Falls

Victoria Falls On Zambezi River Zam/Zim border pg. 502 (5 th) pg. 507 (6 th )

VICTORIA FALLS

Rift Valleys Crust pulls apart Block of crust sinks

Rift Valleys Often have long, narrow lakes

Rift Valley Lakes Lake Tanganyika Lake Malawi pg. 452 (5 th) pg. 459 (6 th )

Volcanoes Near rift valleys Eastern Congo Mt. Kenya Mt. Kilimanjaro pg. 452 (5 th) pg. 459 (6 th )

VOLCANIC DESTRUCTION D.R. CONGO, 2002

Climate and Vegetation Tropical Rainforest Congo River Basin & coast of W. Africa Diseases Malaria Anopheles Mosquito pg. 455 (5 th) pg. 461 (6 th )

Tropical Savanna Grasses and scattered trees Dry winter, Rainy summer pg. 455 (5 th) pg. 461 (6 th )

Savanna Wildlife*** Best season to see wildlife?

Best Wildlife Countries Ken & Tan Zim, Botswana & So. Af. CROCODILE IN BOTSWANA CHEETAH IN SO. AFRICA

LIONS IN ZIMBABWE

Poaching Elephant Ivory Tusks 2.5 million (1970) (2,500,000) 350,000 (2000) 700,000 (2010)

Rhino Horn Made of keratin Used for 65,000 Black Rhinos in 1980 2,300 (1990) 3,700 (2010)

Savanna Masai tribe Nomadic Herding of

Masai Cattle Herding

Deserts Somalia Kalahari Botswana Namib Namibia pg. 455 (5 th) pg. 461 (6 th )

Kalahari Semi-Desert Bushmen pg. 455 (5 th) pg. 461 (6 th )

Bushmen Languages Clicking pg. 462 (5 th) pg. 469 (6 th )

Kalahari Okavango Delta pg. 502 (5 th) pg. 507 (6 th )

Namib Desert Cool and Foggy on Coast Skeleton Coast

Shipwreck along Skeleton Coast

Historical Background Ethiopian Kingdom Adopted Christianity, 300 AD

Ethiopian Church, Lalibela

West African Empires, 800-1800 AD Mali Kingdom Capital: Timbuktu, on southern edge of Sahara Ancient Trade Center Niger River Pop = 100,000 in 1500 AD Pop = 15,000 now pg. 482 (5 th) pg. 487 (6 th )

Niger River

Slavery Impacted West Africa Senegal Ghana pg. 463 (5 th) pg. 471 (6 th )

European Colonialism Britain East France Northwest Belgium Congo Portugal Angola Mozambique Spain Equatorial Guinea pg. 467 (5 th) pg. 473 (6 th )

The Sahel Sahel = Shore Southern edge of the Sahara pg. 482 (5 th) pg. 487 (6 th )

Sahel Environment Semi-Desert Between Desert & Savanna pg. 455 (5 th) pg. 461 (6 th ) pg. 485 (5 th) pg. 490 (6 th )

Sahel Environment Grass and small trees

Cultural Transition of the Sahel pg. 485 (5 th) pg. 490 (6 th )

People in the Sahel Mostly Muslim, Black Africans

SUDAN Major ethnic problems Civil War 1980s, 1990s Northern Arabs Muslim Dominate govt. Southern Blacks Christian (or Animist) pg. 244 (5 th) pg. 254 (6 th )

SOUTH SUDAN July 2011 Independence Newest country

West Africa pg. 485 (5 th) pg. 490 (6 th )

Environment pg. 455 (5 th) pg. 461 (6 th ) Savanna in north Tropical Rainforests on Coast 90% Deforested

Religions of West Africa Muslims in North Christians (& Animists) in South, near Coast pg. 463 (5 th) pg. 470 (6 th )

W. African Agricultural Exports Cocoa & Palm Oil along coast pg. 455 (5 th) pg. 461 (6 th )

W. African Agricultural Exports Palm Oil Food Ingredient Cocoa Ivory Coast: 50% World s Supply

Liberia Founded 1847 by Capital: Monrovia named for Flag

Nigeria Largest pop. in pg. 448 (5 th) pg. 458 (6 th )

Nigeria 250 Ethnic Groups Major Ethnic Tensions Christians in South Lagos Nigeria s largest city Muslims in North Capital moved from Lagos to Abuja pg. 485-86 (5 th) pg. 490-91 (6 th )

Nigeria Oil Niger Delta Along coast to Angola pg. 471 (5 th) pg. 475 (6 th )

IVORY COAST Stable Govt. til 1990s Political Stability Foreign investment French Former French Colony Lebanese Escaping Lebanon s Civil War in (1980s) pg. 485 (5 th) pg. 490 (6 th )

Abidjan Largest City

Yamoussoukro Capital Largest.

Notre Dame de la Paix ( Our Lady of Peace )

Notre Dame de la Paix ( Our Lady of Peace ) Catholic Church Built late 1980s $300 million President paid for it

Central Africa pg. 490 (5 th) pg. 495 (6 th )

Central Africa Environment Tropical Rainforests 20% of World s Remaining TRFs pg. 490 (5 th) pg. 495 (6 th ) pg. 455 (5 th) pg. 461 (6 th )

Central Africa Resources Coastal Oil D. R. Congo Old name = Zaire Rich in Metals & Diamonds Terrible Corruption & Warfare World s deadliest war since WW 2 pg. 471 (5 th) pg. 475 (6 th )

EAST AFRICA 5 Countries Landscape Plateau Serengeti Plain (Tan.) Rift Valleys Lake Victoria pg. 452 (5 th) pg. 459 (6 th ) pg. 494 (5 th) pg. 498 (6 th )

Plateau & Rift Valley Mild Temp

Nairobi, Ken 5000 Elevation Year-round spring

People of East Africa Black Africans Swahili language

Minorities of East Africa Indians Shop Owners Whites Professionals, Managers

Minorities of East Africa Arabs along coast Dar es Salaam (Tanz.)

Tourism in East Africa Wildlife in savanna of Tan & Ken Serengeti Plain

Tanzania

Tourism in East Africa Beaches in Ken/Tan Ocean Zanzibar Island

Rwanda & Burundi Ex-Belgian Colonies pg. 494 (5 th) pg. 498 (6 th )

RWANDA 2 Tribes Hutu (Majority) Tutsi (Minority) 1994 Genocide against Tutsi Million killed in 100 days

RWANDA GENOCIDE VICTIMS

RWANDA Mountain Gorillas 650 in world

Horn of Africa Ethiopia Eritrea Djibouti Somalia pg. 499 (5 th) pg. 503 (6 th )

pg. 499 (5 th) pg. 503 (6 th ) Landscape Hot, Dry Coastal Lowlands Muslim Ethiopian Highlands Christian

Ethiopia

Ethiopia Amharic Language pg. 462 (5 th) pg. 469 (6 th )

Ethiopia Difficult Env: Deep Canyons Isolated Villages Crops Depend on Inconsistent Rainfall Prolonged Drought Famine

Eritrea 1990s Independence pg. 499 (5 th) pg. 503 (6 th )

Southern Africa pg. 502 (5 th) pg. 507 (6 th )

Minerals in Southern Africa Zam-Zim-So.Af. South Africa*** Gold Diamonds Platinum Coal pg. 471 (5 th) pg. 475 (6 th )

Rep. of South Africa Environment Middle Latitudes 5000 Plateau Mild Temps (60s-80sF) pg. 452 (5 th) pg. 459 (6 th )

Republic of South Africa Blacks = 80% Whites = 10% Coloreds = 9% (mixed race) Asians = 2% (mostly Indians)

History of South Africa Dutch Settlers Cape Town, est. 1652 Boers Descendents: Afrikaners Afrikaans Language British control, 1800s pg. 503 (5 th) pg. 507 (6 th )

History of South Africa Independence, 1910 White Rule Apartheid

History of So. Af. 1994 Elections Nelson Mandela

Cities of South Africa pg. 503 (5 th) pg. 507 (6 th ) Johannesburg & Pretoria Grassy Plateau Durban Warm & Rainy Like Florida Cape Town Mediterranean Env. Like So. Cal. pg. 455 (5 th) pg. 461 (6 th )

Johannesburg Largest City Mining

Pretoria Executive Capital

Durban Zulus Asians (Indians) Sugarcane Plantations

Durban Beach Resort Surfing

Cape Town Legislative Capital Beautiful Location

CAPE TOWN

Cape Town Large Colored Population

Cape Town Area - Mediterranean Climate Winter rain (June Sept) Spring wildflowers

Vineyards & Wineries

INDIAN OCEAN ISLANDS Madagascar Comoros Seychelles Mauritius pg. 511 (5 th) pg. 515 (6 th )

SEYCHELLES

MADAGASCAR Settled 2000 years ago by pg. 462 (5 th) pg. 469 (6 th )

MADAGASCAR Africans arrived later Mixed culture today

MADAGASCAR Mountains pg. 452 (5 th) pg. 459 (6 th )

MADAGASCAR Winds Rainforests pg. 455 (5 th) pg. 461 (6 th )

MADAGASCAR FORESTS 90% Cut Down for Ag.

MADAGASCAR Unique Plants & Animals 90% are Endemic Native only to Mad.

LEMURS Primates Only in Mad.

MADAGASCAR Endangered Species Habitat Destruction Possible Medicinal Losses

MAURITIUS British colony until 1960s Est. sugar plantations Indian workers brought over pg. 511 (5 th) pg. 515 (6 th )

MAURITIUS Mostly Hindu