Do Now What is a theocracy? What did farmers rely on in Mesopotamia? What was the most famous building in Mesopotamia?
Ch. 2 sect. 2 WORLD HISTORY
Impact of Geography The Nile starts in the heart of Africa and flows north for 4,000 miles It is the longest river in the world It splits into two major branches forming the triangular territory the delta The Nile Delta is called Lower Egypt The land upstream to the south is called Upper Egypt Egypt s most important cities developed at the tip
Impact of Geography The yearly flooding the miracle of the Nile was very important to ancient Egyptians It left fertile soil for them to use The Nile was the fastest way to travel It made transportation and communication easier It had natural barriers the deserts, Red Sea, rapids of the Nile, and the Mediterranean Sea People had confidence and sense of stability
Importance of Religion Egyptians were polytheistic belief in more than one god Two groups of sun gods and land gods Sun god took on different forms depending on specific role River and land gods were called Osiris and Isis Osiris was a symbol of resurrection They placed their dead in tombs associated with Osiris in the belief they would then be reborn
The Course of Egyptian History Egyptian history is divided into 3 parts Old Kingdom, Middle Kingdom, and New Kingdom Periods of long-term stability with strong leadership, freedom from invasion, building of temples, and intellectual and cultural activity Between the periods of stability were political chaos and invasion Intermediate periods
Course of Egyptian History Egypt history begins around 3,100 B.C. Menes the king united the Upper (southern) and Lower (northern) Egypt into a single kingdom He created the first dynasty Dynasty a family of rulers whose right to rule is passed on within the family The royal crown was a double crown indicating the unity of all Egypt
Exit Ticket What is the Nile Delta called? How long is the Nile River? What does polytheistic mean? What is a dynasty?
DO Now What was the name of the king who merged Upper and Lower Egypt into a dynasty? What is a dynasty? What did Egyptians consider a miracle that many people would consider a bad thing normally?
Objective Students will be able to explain Egypt s past in detail Locate important areas on map
Old Kingdom Period of prosperity with powerful rulers Pharaoh became the title of Egyptian monarchs Pharaohs had absolute power People believed they have to obey their pharaoh to maintain order A breakdown in royal power would mean the citizens were offending the gods Government bureaucracy developed administrative organization with officials and regular procedures
Pyramids Pyramids were build in the Old Kingdom They were dedicated to the dead A large pyramid was for the pharaoh and smaller ones for his family They were stocked with supplies such as chairs, boats, and weapons Thought human beings had two bodies physical and spiritual If physical was preserved then the spiritual one
Pyramids Mummification process of slowly drying a dead body to prevent it from rotting It was used by the rich who could afford to have it done The Great Pyramid of King Khufu at Giza is the largest pyramid It took 100,000 Egyptians 20 years to build It was an important symbol of the royal power
The Middle Kingdom After the Old Kingdom collapsed there were 150 years of chaos A new dynasty took over The Middle Kingdom is called the golden age an age of stability They expanded by conquering Nubia They traded more with surrounding areas Pharaohs were no longer seen as god king but now as a shepherd for the people
Exit Ticket What was a pharaoh? What is a government bureaucracy? What did Egyptians think of the human body? What was the Middle Kingdom called?
Do Now How do we remember the dead today? How does this compare or contrast to how the Egyptians remembered their dead?
Objective Students will be able to explain Ancient Egypt in detail
The New Kingdom The Middle Kingdom ended when Hyksos over took them The Egyptians learned a lot from the Hyksos They learned to use bronze for tools and weapons They learned to use horse-drawn war chariots Egyptians were finally strong enough to beat Hyksos and reunite Egypt The New Kingdom was a time of great wealth
Leaders in New Kingdom Hatshepsut first woman pharaoh Akhenaton closed all the temples to worship one god of the sun and it upset the Egyptians who always had more gods Tutankhamen restored the gods to Egypt when he was pharaoh Egypt lost their empire due to invasions Cleopatra VII tried to reestablish Egypt s independence but couldn t and Egypt became apart of the Roman empire
Society in Ancient Egypt Organized like a pyramid with the pharaoh at top Pharaoh was surrounded by upper class of nobles and priests Next were merchants, artisans, and tax collectors Most Egyptians were peasants who worked the land
Exit Ticket What did the Egyptians learn from Hyksos? Who was the first woman pharaoh? How was Egyptian society organized?
Do Now What was mummification? What is a dynasty? Who was Hatshepsut?
Objective Students will understand Egyptian daily life and be able to explain how they lived
Daily Live in Ancient Egypt Egyptians had a positive attitude Girls were married at 12 and boys at 14 Marriages were arranged based off of family and property Purpose was to produce children especially sons Generally they only married one person but a husband was allowed to keep more wives if first wife was childless Husband was in charge but the wives were well respected Women s property stayed with her even in marriage
Writing and Education Hieroglyphics priest carvings or sacred writings Used pictures and abstracts forms and was complex Hieratic script simplified version of hieroglyphics First carved in stone Later written on papyrus paper made from reed that grew along the Nile Egyptian scribes were the masters of the art Upper class boys went to scribes to learn and discipline was strict A boy s ears are on his back. He listens only when he is beaten.
Art and Science Artists and sculptors were expected to follow a certain style Egyptians also made advances in mathematics Used math to help build the pyramids Developed accurate 365 day calendar Advanced in medical field
Exit Ticket The write your name in hieroglyphs on the worksheet You can also write a short message if you would like