LITERACY IN NOVA SCOTIA Implications of Findings from IALSS 03 Presented by Satya Brink, Ph.D. Director, National Learning Policy Research Learning Policy Directorate, HRSDC January 06 1
Key Questions Introduction What is the level of literacy proficiency in English/French in Nova Scotia? How does Nova Scotia compare to Canada, the provinces and other territories? How proficient are residents of Nova Scotia in the different component skills? How is literacy performance distributed in the working age population of Nova Scotia/Atlantic? How do age and education affect the literacy and numeracy performance? How is literacy performance distributed in the labor force, immigration, occupations, industries and earning groups? What are the demographic characteristics of people with low literacy proficiency and where are they located in Nova Scotia? 2
Literacy proficiency: the ability to understand and employ printed information in daily activities, at home, at work and in the community. It is not about whether or not one can read but how well one reads. 4 Domains, measure skills at five levels : - Prose: The knowledge and skills needed to understand and use information from texts including editorials, news stories, brochures and instruction manuals. - Document: The knowledge and skills required to locate and use information contained in various formats, including job applications, payroll forms, transportation schedules, maps, tables, and charts. - Numeracy: The knowledge and skills required to apply arithmetic operations, either alone or sequentially, to numbers embedded in printed materials, such as balancing an account, figuring out a tip, completing an order form or determining the amount of interest on a loan from an advertisement. - Problem Solving: Involves goal-directed thinking and action in situations for which no routine solution procedure is available. The understanding of the problem situation and its step-by-step transformation, based on planning and reasoning constitute the process of problem solving. (Only four proficiency levels) Introduction Level 1 0-225 points Level 2 226-275 points Level 3 276-325 points* Level 4 326-375 points Level 5 376-500 points * Proficiency level for modern economy and knowledge-based society 3
Source: Statistics Canada Introduction Background information of importance for IALSS results: Nova Scotia Total population (03) 936,300 Population/square km 18 app. Population 15-65 (05) 652,300 Population 65 and over (05) 133,600 Gender Distribution Males 458,628 Females 478,332 Population by mother tongue (Census 01) English only 832,660 French only 34,025 Non-official languages only 26,510 English and French 2,555 Eng. And non-off language 1,660 Population 15 years and over by highest level of schooling (Census 01) Less than high school 232,555 High school graduate 71,335 Trade Vocational cert. 26,475 College education 183,675 University 191,860 4
The number of persons (16 to 65) with low literacy rose from 8 m in 1994 to 9 m in 03 though the percentage (42%) did not change. IALS IALSS 100% 80% 22.30% 19.50% Change between 1994 and 03, Canada 4.1 million 4.2 million 60% % % 0% 36.4% 38.6% 24.80% 27.30% 16.60% 6.7 million 4.6 million 3.1 million Total: 18.4 million 14.60% 8.2 million 5.8 million 3.1 million Total: 21.4 million Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Level 4/5 * Differences at each level between IALS and IALSS are not statistically significant 5 ; IALS, 1994.
Comparisons of provinces and territories based on average scores. Prose, population 16 and older, 03 Jurisdiction Yukon Territory Saskatchewan Alberta. British Columbia Nova Scotia Northwest Territories Manitoba Prince Edward Island Canada Ontario Quebec New Brunswick Newfoundland and Labrador Y.T. Sas. Alta. B.C. N.S. N.W. T Nova Scotia performance Man. P.E.I. Can. Ont. Que. N.B. N.L. Nvt Nunavut Mean proficiency significantly higher than comparison jurisdiction No statistically significant difference from comparison jurisdiction Mean proficiency significantly lower than comparison jurisdiction 6
Nova Scotia literacy performance Proficiency varied across domains and population age in Nova Scotia. Average proficiency scores, population 16 and older and population 16 to 65, Nova Scotia, 03 Prose Document Numeracy Problem Solving* 16 and older 276 274 262 267 16 to 65 years of age 286 284 272 276 - Below level 3 * Proficiency levels are defined differently for problem solving 7
In Nova Scotia, the distribution of prose literacy proficiency is more favourable in the working age population compared to 16 and over, similar to most provinces and territories. Per cent of population aged 16 and older and 16-65 at each prose level, 03 80 Level 2 Level 1 Level 3 Level 4/5 Nova Scotia performance 60 27 29 21 23 23 26 21 24 17 21 17 19 17 17 17 19 13 15 12 14 12 14 0 39 42 37 39 39 43 38 42 35 37 37 41 35 39 35 38 34 38 33 37 33 36 32 35 8 8 23 22 26 25 23 21 27 26 28 27 26 26 28 27 28 27 27 26 30 29 32 33 31 32 33 34 11 9 14 10 7 14 17 14 12 13 15 16 17 19 17 18 21 14 16 24 19 22 17 23 26 26 47 46 60 80 16 and over 16-65 100 Yuk. Alb. B.C. Sask. N.S. NWT Man. Can Ont. PEI Que NFLD N.B. Nt 8
Nova Scotia performance Nova Scotia has average scores in document and prose literacy at level 3 and at level 2 in numeracy (population 16-65). Province or Territory Document literacy Prose literacy Numeracy Newfoundland and Labrador Prince Edward Island 269 281 271 282 257 269 Below level 3 in 3 domains Nova Scotia New Brunswick Quebec 284 270 273 286 273 275 272 262 269 Below level 3 in numeracy but not in literacy. Ontario 279 279 270 Manitoba 283 283 271 Saskatchewan 294 294 284 Alberta 290 289 281 British Columbia 290 288 279 Nunavut Territory 234 232 2 Northwest Territory 280 280 269 Yukon Territory 293 296 283 9
Nova Scotia performance Yukon had the lowest proportion overall (31%) of prose literacy below level 3. In Nova Scotia, 38% of the working-age population (16-65) had an average prose literacy proficiency below level 3. Percent of population 16 to 65 at each prose level by provinces and territories, 03 Per cent Level 2 Level 1 Level 3 Level 4/5 100 80 60 0 60 80 29 24 26 23 19 21 19 15 14 14 43 39 42 42 41 39 38 37 38 37 36 35 8 100 Yukon Sask. B.C. Alberta N.S. Manitoba Canada Ontario N.W.T. P.E.I. Quebec N.L. N.B. Nunavut 10
Nova Scotia performance Yukon had lowest proportion of working-age adults below level 3 in numeracy (41%). In Nova Scotia the proportion of working-age adults below level 3 in numeracy was 50%. Percent of population 16 to 65 at each numeracy level by provinces and territories, 03 Per cent Level 2 Level 1 Level 3 Level 4/5 100 80 60 0 60 80 21 17 14 17 15 16 15 14 11 10 39 38 36 35 33 35 33 35 33 33 32 29 28 7 16 100 Yukon Sask. B.C. Alberta Canada Manitoba Ontario N.S. N.W.T. Quebec P.E.I. N.B. N.L. Nunavut 11
Prose Level 1 Level 2 Total Newfoundland and Labrador Nova Scotia performance Impact of low literacy in the population 16-65. % Number % Number % Number 18.8 70,000 31.6 119,000 50.4 189,000 Prince Edward Island 14.0 13,000 28.8 27,000 42.8,000 Nova Scotia 11.9 75,000 26.5 168,000 38.4 243,000 New Brunswick 16.6 85,000 33.8 173,000 50.4 258,000 Quebec 15.6 800,000 33.0 1,700,000 48.6 2,500,000 Ontario 16.2 1,300,000 26.0 2,100,000 42.2 3,0,000 Manitoba 12.7 90,000 27.0 0,000 39.7 290,000 Saskatchewan 6.6 41,000 26.4 162,000 33.0 3,000 Alberta 9.7 9,000 25.3 544,000 35,0 753,000 British Columbia 13.8 0,000.9 600,000 34.7 1,000,000 Yukon 9.0 2,000 21.9 4,000 30.9 6,000 Northwest Territory 16.5 4,000 26.1 7,000 42.6 11,000 Nunavut 45.8 6,000 26.4 3,000 72.0 9,000 12 Total 8,849,000
Nova Scotia performance Impact of low numeracy in the population 16-65. Newfoundland and Labrador Numeracy level 1 Numeracy level 2 Total % Number % Number % Number 26.8 101,000 34.3 107,000 61.1 8,000 Prince Edward Island 19.2 18,000 34.8 33,000 54.0 51,000 Nova Scotia 19.7 125,000 30.9 196,000 50.6 321,000 New Brunswick 23.1 118,000 37.2 191,000 60.3 309,000 Quebec.0 1,026,000 33.1 1,697,000 53.1 2,723,000 Ontario 21.3 1,759,000 29.1 2,3,000 50.4 4,162,000 Manitoba 18.2 131,000 32.1 230,000 50.3 361,000 Saskatchewan 11.8 73,000 30.2 186,000 42.0 259,000 Alberta 15.1 324,000 29.3 629,000 44.4 953,000 British Columbia 16.7 471,000 27.0 762,000 43.7 1,233,000 Yukon 14.1 3,000 26.4 5,000.5 8,000 Northwest Territory 22.0 6,000 29.0 7,000 51.0 13,000 Nunavut 54.7 7,000 22.6 3,000 77.3 10,000 Total 10,681,000 13
Nova Scotia performance The proportion of Nova Scotia residents at levels 1 and 2 varied by 12 percentage points between literacy and numeracy. Per cent of adult populations performing at levels 1 and 2 in ALL 03 Poor Good 90 80 70 60 50 50 30 10 0 Nfld and Labrador 50 49 43 42 38 33 35 35 31 P.E.I. Nova Scotia New Brunswick Quebec Ontario Manitoba Saskatchewan Alberta British Columbia Prose Document Numeracy Yukon 72 43 42 NWT Nunavut Canada 14
Nova Scotia performance Nova Scotians with high school education score better in prose literacy than counterparts in 8 provinces and territories (16 and over). Literacy proficiency by educational attainment, Canada, 03 0 350 300 250 0 150 100 50 0 Prince Edward Island Canada Newfoundland and Labrador Nova Scotia New Brunswick Quebec Ontario Manitoba Saskatchewan Alberta British Columbia Yukon Territory Northwest Territories Nunavut Less than high school High school Trade Vocational College University 15
Nova Scotia performance Nova Scotians have higher scores in prose Literacy at every educational level than the Canadian averages. Mean prose proficiency scores by education level, population 16 and over, Canada and jurisdictions, 03 Less than high school High school Trade vocational College University Mean S.E. Mean S.E. Mean S.E. Mean S.E. Mean S.E. Newfoundland and Labrador 219 (3.4) 265 (4.0) 286 (3.8) 290 (5.1) 321 (3.9) Prince Edward Island 230 (6.8) 280 (5.5) 279 (5.5) 303 (5.5) 319 (7.9) Nova Scotia 241 (4.4) 281 (4.2) 288 (3.2) 305 (3.5) 319 (4.2) New Brunswick 223 (4.6) 265 (5.1) 276 (7.1) 286 (4.5) 311 (7.2) Quebec 227 (2.0) 262 (2.3) 275 (2.1) 290 (2.2) 305 (2.5) Ontario 223 (4.9) 268 (3.9) 279 (3.9) 295 (4.1) 303 (3.1) Manitoba 246 (5.5) 273 (3.4) 291 (4.4) 293 (3.4) 312 (4.4) Saskatchewan 256 (6.2) 282 (7.0) 294 (3.3) 309 (4.3) 336 (5.2) Alberta 241 (7.1) 279 (4.5) 290 (3.8) 295 (4.0) 319 (4.2) British Columbia 239 (4.8) 277 (4.8) 290 (3.4) 306 (4.3) 316 (4.4) Yukon 241 (7.5) 288 (5.6) 297 (4.5) 308 (4.7) 326 (4.7) Northwest Territories 227 (6.3) 280 (7.6) 280 (3.6) 301 (4.0) 324 (6.3) Nunavut 199 (6.1) 269 (7.8) 241 (8.5) 290 (12.3) 311 (6.2) Canada 230 (1.8) 270 (1.8) 282 (1.7) 296 (1.8) 309 (2.0) 16
Youth in Nova Scotia In Nova Scotia, as in most provinces and territories, the majority of youth have prose literacy proficiency at Level 3 or above. Distribution of proficiency level on the prose literacy scale for youth age 16-25, Canada, 03 80 60 0 60 80 100 Nunavut Northwest Territories Prince Edward Island Newfoundland and Labrador Manitoba Ontario Nova Scotia New Brunswick British Columbia Saskatchewan Level 2 Level 1 Level 3 Level 4/5 Quebec Alberta Yukon Territory 17
Seniors in Nova Scotia The majority of seniors (133,600, 14%) in Nova Scotia have low literacy skills. Distribution of proficiency level on the prose literacy scale for those older than 65 years, provinces and territories, 03 0 60 80 100 Northwest Territories Nunavut Quebec New Brunswick Prince Edward Island Newfoundland and Labrador Ontario Manitoba Nova Scotia Saskatchewan Level 2 Level 1 Level 3 Level 4/5 Alberta British Columbia Yukon Territory 18
Performance by Age, Nova Scotia In Canada, prose literacy scores decline with age; In Nova Scotia, the scores are slightly higher at every age though they decline. 300 290 280 270 260 250 2 230 2 210 0 Average Prose Literacy Scores by Age Group; Canada, Nova Scotia, 03 288 292 286 299 287 281 284 278 268 258 221 225 16-25 26-35 36-45 46-55 56-65 65+ Canada No va Sco tia 19
Number of people by proficiency level Over 2,000 residents of Nova Scotia have prose literacy scores below level 3. Population distribution of proficiency, 16-65, Canada and Nova Scotia, 03 100.0% 80.0% 60.0%.0%.0% 0.0% 19.50% 19.50% 38.60% 42.10% 27.30% 26.50% 14.60% 3.1m 11.90% 21.4m 643,000 Canada 4.2m 8.2m 5.8m Nova Scotia 124,000 267,000 168,000 75,000 Level 4/5 Level 3 Level 2 Level 1 SourceL IALSS, 03
Literacy proficiency and employment Those with higher literacy proficiency have a higher employment rate than those with low literacy. Employment rate among respondents at the highest and lowest levels of document proficiency, 03 Canada Atlantic Quebec Ontario Prairies British Columbia Territories 57 47 54 62 66 47 50 81 76 81 82 81 81 90 0 10 30 50 60 70 80 90 100 Employment rate Lowest proficiency (Level 1) Highest proficiency (Level 4/5) 21 Source: IALSS 03
Literacy performance and employment 47% of those at level 1 and 60% of those at level 2 in the Atlantic were employed. % Employed Per cent of employed population in each document literacy level, population 16 to 65, Canada and Regions, 03 100 90 80 70 60 50 47 60 70 76 54 68 75 81 62 73 77 82 66 76 81 81 47 67 74 81 50 68 82 90 57 70 76 81 Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Level 4/5 Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Level 4/5 Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Level 4/5 Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Level 4/5 Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Level 4/5 Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Level 4/5 Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Level 4/5 Atlantic Atlantic Quebec Ontario Prairies British Columbia Territories Canada Docum ent Literacy Dom ain 22
Literacy performance and employment In Nova Scotia, unemployed workers had an average prose score above level 3. Average Prose Scores by Labour Force Status, Nova Scotia and Canada 300 290 292 285 280 270 260 250 277 273 Nova Scotia 267 266 Canada Not in Labour force Unemployed Employed 23 Source: IALSS 03
Low literacy performance Main characteristics of people at level 1 and 2 in prose IALSS in Nova Scotia (population 16-65). Level 1 75,000 4,500 were immigrants 56 % were male and 42% female 47% were employed 14% were unemployed Education: 67% less than high school 23% had completed high school 10% had post-secondary education Level 2 168,000 4,100 were immigrants 50% were male and 50% female 58% were employed 13% were unemployed Education: 38% less than high school 35% had completed high school 27% had post-secondary education 24
Persons with low prose literacy are concentrated among certain industries, Canada and Nova Scotia. (Population 16-65) Canada Nova Scotia Industries Level 1 Level 2 Manufacturing 445,000 696,000 Trade, finance, Insurance, real estate and Leasing Accommodation and Food Services 325,000 951,000 189,000 323,000 Construction 158,000 287,000 Low literacy and employment Industries Trade, finance, Insurance, real estate and leasing Manufacturing Health Care and Social Assistance Accommodation and Food Services Health care and social assistance 1,000 9,000 Public Administration Total: 1,257,000 2,666,000 *Number are suppressed, roughly 25 1/5 could be in these industries
The majority of knowledge experts score at Level 3 or above in prose literacy in the regions and the territories. Per cent Level 3 Level 4/5 100 Literacy performance- Occupation Per cent of Labour force population at prose levels 3 and 4/5 by type of occupations, population 16 to 65, Canada and regions, 03 80 60 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 2 3 4 5 6 Atlantic Canada Atlantic Quebec Ontario Prairies British Columbia Territories Regions and Occupation Types 1 Knowledge expert 2 Managers 3 Information high-skills 4 Information low-skills 5 Services low-skills 6 Goods 26
Literacy performance- Occupation Workers in knowledge-related occupations tend to engage more often in writing at work than do low-skill information, services and goods production workers. Index scores of writing engagement at work on a standardized scale (centered on 2) by aggregated occupational types, labour force population, 16 to 65, 03 Writing Engagement at Work Index 4.0 3.0 2.0 1.0 25th Percentile.95 Confidence interval (lower) mean.95 Confidence Interval (upper) 75th Percentile Legend Occupation Types 1 Knowledge expert 2 Managers 3 Information high-skills 4 Information low-skills 5 Services low-skills 6 Goods 0.0 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 2 3 4 5 6 Atlantic Canada Atlantic Quebec Ontario Prairies British Columbia Territories 27
Literacy performance- Industry Knowledge intensive sectors had higher proportions of adults with document literacy proficiency above level 3. About 70% of knowledge intensive industry workers in the Atlantic had proficiency levels above level 3. Per cent of labour force populations (16-65) at document literacy Levels 3 and 4/5, by type of industry, 03 100 90 Level 3 Level4/5 1 2 Knowledge-intensive market service activities Public administration, defense, education and health 80 3 Other community, social and personal services % 70 60 50 4 5 High and medium-hightechonology manufacturing industries Low and medium-lowtechnology manufacturing industries 30 6 7 Utilities and Construction Wholesale, retail, hotels and restaurants 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 8 9 Transport and storage Primary industries Canada Atlantic Quebec Ontario Prairies British Columbia Territories Region and Industry type 28 Source: IALSS 03
At least 35% of all industrial sectors in the Atlantic had workers with proficiency levels above level 3 in numeracy. 80 70 60 Level 3 Level4/5 Literacy performance- Industry Per cent of labour force population at numeracy levels 3 and 4/5, by type of industry, population 16 to 65, Canada and regions, 03 1 Knowledge-intensive market service activities Public administration, 2 defense, education and health Other community, social 3 and personal services High and medium-hightechonology manufacturing 4 industries % 50 5 6 Low and medium-lowtechnology manufacturing industries Utilities and Construction 30 7 Wholesale, retail, hotels and restaurants 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 8 9 Transport and storage Primary industries Canada Atlantic Quebec Ontario Prairies British Columbia Territories Region and Industry type 29
Literacy performance-labour force Those with higher average scores earn more Prose Document Numeracy Problem Solving Male Less than,000 270 274 271 267,000 to,000 266 270 267 262,000 to 60,000 289 294 290 284 60,000 and more 303 309 308 297 Prose Document Numeracy Problem Solving Female Less than,000 274 269 255 266,000 to,000 286 280 266 275,000 to 60,000 309 305 290 297 60,000 and more 323 319 307 309 30
There is a positive relationship between prose literacy and civic engagement Per cent 100 80 60 0 Literacy performance- Civic engagement Civic engagement index by prose literacy level, population aged 16 and older, Canada, 03 60 Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Level 4/5 Not engaged Engaged 31
Literacy performance- Immigrants in Canada Regardless of level of literacy proficiency most immigrants were employed but were they under employed? Immigrants Canadian born Level 1 1,8,000 1,715,000 Employed Unemployed Employed Unemployed 893,000 135,000 889,000 227,000 Level 2 1,234,000 4,595,000 Employed Unemployed Employed Unemployed 856,000 105,000 3,255,000 381,000 Level 3 1,284,000 6,967,000 Employed Unemployed Employed Unemployed 966,000 99,000 5,329,000 429,000 Level 4/5 469,000 3,688,000 Employed Unemployed Employed Unemployed 360,000 34,000 2,949,000 180,000 32
Literacy performance- Immigrants in Canada A high number of immigrants at levels 1 and 2 proficiency in English or French have post secondary education. Immigrants Level 1 1,8,000 Less than HS HS PSE 567,000 (68.8%) 467,000 (36.2%) 374,000 (16.4%) Level 2 1,234,000 Less than HS HS PSE 169,000 (.5%) 423,000 (32.8%) 642,000 (28.1%) Level 3 1,284,000 Less than HS HS PSE 77,000 (9.3%) 309,000 (23.9%) 898,000 ( 39.4%) Level 4/5 469,000 Less than HS HS PSE -- 92,000 (7.1%) 366,000 (16.1%) Total -- (100%) 1,290,000 (100%) 2,279,000 (100%) 33
In all provinces and territories there is a substantial difference between the participation rates in training of those with the lowest and highest levels of literacy. Per cent of population receiving adult education and training during the year preceding the interview, by document literacy levels, 16-65, Canada and regions, 03 80 Literacy performance- Adult training participation 60 % 0 Canada Atlantic Quebec Ontario Prairies British Columbia Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Level 4/5 Territories 34
Literacy performance- Adult training participation About 53% of workers participated in adult training in Nova Scotia compared to 50% in Canada. 30% took courses, similar to AB, BC and YK. Per cent of population receiving adult education and training the year preceding the interview, by type of participation, population 16 to 65, Canada and jurisdictions, 03 Total participation Took program Took course 60 50 30 10 0 Canada Newfoundland and Labrador Prince Edward Island Nova Scotia New Brunswick Quebec Ontario Manitoba Saskatchewan Alberta British Columbia Yukon Territory Northwest Territories Nunavut 35
Literacy performance-ict 70% of Nova Scotia residents have access to a computer at home compared to 76% of Canadians aged 16 to 65 years. Computer and Internet access at home Per cent of adults aged 16-65 who report having access to a computer and the Internet at home, Canada and jurisdictions, 03 100 80 60 76 62 67 70 68 70 79 72 74 81 79 77 66 % 41 0 Canada N.L. P.E.I. N.S. N.B. Que. Ont. Man. Sask. Alta. B.C. Y.T. N.W.T. Nvt. Computer access Internet access 36
Generally, 16 to 65 year-olds in poor health have lower average document literacy scores. 350 300 250 0 150 100 50 Poor Fair, Good or Excellent Literacy performance- Health Physical Component Summary (PCS) scores by mean document literacy proficiency by age groups, Canada and regions, 03 1 16-65 2 66 and older 0 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 Yuk. N.W.T Nun. Alb. N-B Can. Ont. Sas. Man. B.C. Nfld Lab Que P.E.I. N.S. Note : Orders the provinces and territories by the size of the difference in average document literacy between those in poor health and those in excellent health. 37
Policy sensitive targets appear to be similar for Nova Scotia and Canada. 30 10 0-10 - -30 - -50 Regression analysis. Best options for improvement by points gained/lost, Canada and Nova Scotia * Not significant 16-25 46-65 >HS PSE Improving Literacy in Nova Scotia Base group: -26-45 Canada Nova Scotia -Those with high school - Mother tongue English or French Mother tongue other than English or French 38 Source: IALSS 03
Low literacy performance Geographic distribution of people at level 1 in prose in Nova Scotia (IALSS population 16-65). 39
Concentration of people Nova at level Scotia 1 and - 2 in prose literacy Number of Adults in at Nova Levels Scotia 1 and 2 Prose Literacy 0-30 31-60 61-90 91-1 121-150 151-180 181-210 211-2 241-270 100 50 0 100 Kilometers More than 270 No Data
Contact Information: Satya Brink, Ph.D. Director, Policy Research Learning Policy Directorate Human Resources and Skills Development Canada Place du Portage, Phase IV, 3 Floor 1 Promenade du Portage Gatineau, QC K1A 0J9 Tel: 819-953-6622 Fax: 819-997-5433 Satya.Brink@hrsdc-drhcc.gc.ca 41