Fatigue Management 19 March 2014 10:00am 12:00pm PRESENTED BY: Captain Jim Mangie Delta Air Lines
Outline Introduction Fatigue definition, importance, management, mitigation FRMS definition, processes, data collection, use of Example scenarios Applicability current ICAO, U.S. and EASA regulatory efforts for commercial operators and your operation
Disclaimer: Who Am I? Pilot Doctor? Scientist? Safety Expert? Labor? Fatigue Subject Matter Expert (SME) Flight Operations Management
Delta Air Lines: By the Numbers Fleet More than 700 mainline aircraft in service Boeing: 737-700/800/900 747-400 757-200/300 767-300/400 777-200 LR/ER 717 McDonnell-Douglas 88 90 Airbus: 319-100 320-200 330-200/300
Delta Air Lines: By the Numbers Operating Statistics Serving Six Continents More than 2400 mainline flights daily 224 Domestic cities 94 International cities Hubs NYC / ATL / CVG / DTW / MSP SLC / LAX / SEA / AMS/ NRT More than 160 million passengers in 2012 Over 9000 Charter Segments in 2012
Delta Air Lines: By the Numbers Pilots Active Pilots: 12,200
Fatigue Management/FRMS
Fatigue ICAO Definition A physiological state of reduced mental or physical performance capability resulting from sleep loss or extended wakefulness, circadian phase, or workload (mental and/or physical activity) that can impair a crew member s alertness and ability to safely operate an aircraft or perform safety related duties Fatigue vs. Tired - There is a difference.
Current Activities ICAO SARPs Annex 6 Part 1 Applicable 15 Dec 2011 EASA - Part ORO (Subpart FTL) Final Regulation January 30,2014 Applicable February 18, 2016 FAA -14 CFR Part 117 Implementation January 4, 2014
Why is fatigue getting so much business attention? All aspects of an operation are affected Headcount Crew Utilization Equipment Utilization Network Planning Scheduling
Managing Fatigue ***MITIGATIONS ARE REQUIRED FOR BOTH*** Challenges: Achieve a realistic balance between safety, productivity and costs Target limited resources to where they are needed
Managing Fatigue Considerations: Schedule requirements Scientific Information Time awake Time on duty Time of day (Circadian factors) Workload Flight and Duty Time Regulations Company Policy
Safety Mitigations Prescriptive regulations Biomathematical Models Scheduling Policies Education Fatigue Risk Management Systems (FRMS)
Business- Cost/Operational Mitigations Scheduling Software Risk Management Tools/Systems Scheduling Policies Education Fatigue Risk Management Systems (FRMS)
FRMS Fatigue Risk Management Systems ICAO definition: A data driven means of continuously monitoring and managing fatigue-related safety risk based upon scientific principles and knowledge as well as operational experience that aims to ensure relevant personnel are performing at adequate levels of alertness
What is an FRMS?
SMS and FRMS SMS Framework FRMS Safety policy and objectives FRMS policy and documentation Safety risk management Safety assurance Safety promotion FRM processes Identification of hazards Risk assessment Risk mitigation FRMS safety assurance processes FRMS performance monitoring Management of operational and organizational change Continuous FRMS improvement FRMS promotion processes Training programs FRMS communication plan
Guidance
19
20
Common Sense Process Input Responsible Person Input Report Actions Identify Problem Address Problem LOOKS LIKE SMS
Existing Mitigations
Data Collection
Safety Case
Example Pilot Schedule JFK-BOG Day Flight Depart Arrive Block Time A/C A 395 JFK 2335 BOG 0600 6.25 75E M BOG 16.05 LAYOVER B 396 BOG 2335 JFK 0534 5.59 M
Example Pilot Schedule Manage Risk 6.5-hour flight Night Landing in WOCL 2 Pilot ITCZ (Weather) Morning fog High altitude Terrain between airport and alternate
Example Pilot Schedule Mitigations Do not fly this route Change the schedule Augment Do we need resources? Risk Management Target resources
Example Pilot Schedule 4-Day Pairing / 2 Red-Eye Duty Periods Day Flight Depart Arrive Block Time A/C A 110 ATL 0725 LAX 0933 5.08 75X LAX 12.01 LAYOVER B 714 LAX 2300 JFK 0724 5.24 75E JFK 22.53 LAYOVER C 701 JFK 0700 LAX 1024 6.24 M LAX 12.01 LAYOVER D 2098 LAX 2355 ATL 0708 4.13 76S
Example Mitigation 4-Day Pairing / 2 Red-Eye Duty Periods Day Flight Depart Arrive Block Time A/C A 110 ATL 0725 LAX 0933 5.08 75X LAX 12.01 LAYOVER B 714 LAX 2300 JFK 0724 5.24 75E JFK 22.53 LAYOVER C 701 JFK 0700 LAX 1024 6.24 M LAX 18.01 LAYOVER (EXTENDED) D 2098 LAX 2355 ATL 0708 4.13 76S E 2154 LAX 0620 ATL 1338 4.18 76S
What Does This Mean to You? Still Have Minimums and Maximums One Offs /AMOC/Closer Look Possible Additional Flexibility or Constraints
What is an FRMP?
Guidance
Checklist
Applied to Your Situation Gap analysis What do you already do (i.e. prescriptive regulations, company policy, fatigue training, etc)? Fill the gaps Consider the scientific basics Time of day Time awake Time on duty Workload Is the operation legal under Part 117/Part ORO (FTL)? If not why?
Factors Contributing To Fatigue Dependent On The Operation WOCL infringements WOCL infringements without adequate rest in between Landings within the WOCL Departures outside the WOCL that intrude into WOCL East coast (U.S.) early wake ups for Mountain/Pacific time zone crews Long duty days (within 1 hour of max Table B/C times) Consecutive long duty days (within 1 hour of max Table B/C) Long sit-arounds during FDP (excess of three hours) Short layovers (under 12 hours) Very short layovers (under 10 hours) Consecutive short/very short layovers Less than optimal opportunity for mitigation
Factors Contributing To Fatigue Dependent On The Operation Late arrivals to early departures Long trips (excess of 6 days) Long trips combined with constantly changing time zones (excess of 6 days, time zone change of more than 4 hours) Multiple ocean crossings (more than 4 in a pairing) Numerous segments (more than 4 in a single FDP) Early report times on Day 1 (prior to 0700 body time) Early report times during the pairing Late arrivals (after 0100 body time) Less than an 8 hr sleep opportunity at a normal sleep time Long duty day on Day 1 of pairing Long duty day on last day of pairing Single days off
GET STARTED
Questions/Discussion