John Groesbeck Ryan Umina Neil Mudjer Dan Armgardt

John Groesbeck Ryan Umina Neil Mudjer Dan Armgardt

Themes Politics Social-Economic Impact Future Damming and Implications

Uses of Dams Water Supply Navigation Hydropower Stabilize Water Flow Irrigation Flood Prevention Water Diversion http://www.crem-ltd.com/renewables_hydro.html

Negative aspects of Dams Loss of Land Loss of Biodiversity Dam Failure Agriculture Fishing Stocks Disease http://www.thehindu.com/news/states/kerala/article46784.ece

World Commission on Dams Created in 1997 World Bank and World Conservation Union "dams have made an important and significant contribution to human development, and benefits derived from them have been considerable... in too many cases an unacceptable and often unnecessary price has been paid to secure those benefits, especially in social and environmental terms, by people displaced, by communities downstream, by taxpayers and by the natural environment." http://networkingaction.net/2010/02/financialcrisis-as-a-large-system-change-challenge/

Politics of Damming Foreign Water Quotas Political Leverage Private Economic (Odebrecht, Eletrobras) Domestic Water Needs Power Agriculture Property Rights http://greeneconomygroup.wordpress.com/2011/02/01/belomonte-17-billion-dollar-hydro-electric-project-gets-thegreen-light/

Colorado River Compact Signed in 1922 Upper Basin: Colorado, Utah, Wyoming, New Mexico, and Arizona Lower Basin: California, Arizona, and Nevada 1936 Hoover Dam California Problem http://coloradoindependent.com/4741/mccain-gaffeon-water-rights-could-lose-colorado-voters

Amazon River Basin Dam Project -Belo Monte Dam (11,233 MW) -Xingu River 10 Billion Dollars Rio Madeira Santo Antonio (3,120 MW) 2011 Jirau (3,300 MW) 2012 15 Billion Dollars http://connect.in.com/belo-monte/photos-1-1-1- b4667329172b5c4521f9cb6896e65065.html

Projection We will provide a timeline of events that we, as well as many experts, believe may lead to the first water war in modern history.

1929 The Nile Water Agreement is signed giving Egypt the majority share of Nile waters. 1959 A second agreement is signed giving Egypt and Sudan nearly full reign over Nile River Waters. 1980 Then Egyptian President states, The only matter that could take Egypt to war again is water. http://geography.howstuffworks.com/africa/the-nile-river.htm

Effects of Current Control Upstream countries unable to use Nile Waters as they see fit. Has led to years of economic oppression for most upstream countries.

May 14, 2010 Ethiopia, Uganda, Tanzania, and Rwanda sign an agreement to change policy on the Nile River waters. Kenya issues a supporting statement and signs agreement shortly after. The agreement will later become known as the Entebbe treaty. Ethiopia s water resources minister says, This agreement benefits all of us and harms none of us. The agreement gives Egypt, Sudan, Burundi, and the Democratic Republic of the Congo one year to join. The treaty aims to change the control of Nile River waters.

June 27, 2010 Egyptian Minister of Water Resources Mohamed Nasr el-din Alam announces that Egypt, understood that the five upstream states had signed the agreement and that they will face legal and institutional repercussions. http://www.topnews.in/nile-basin-countries-discuss-nile-water-resourcesegypt-meeting-2193745

June 28, 2010 The Five East African countries announce their refusal to go back on a deal signed in May. Sudan announces that because of the Nile Basin Initiative, they can no longer cooperate with those countries for legal issues.

November 23, 2010 Meles Zenawi, the Ethiopian Prime Minister tells Reuters that Egypt could not win a war with Ethiopia over the Nile. The Prime Minister believes that the Egyptians are supporting rebel groups to destabilize the country. The PM believes he can neutralize these groups by addressing the issues around which the rebel groups are mobilized. http://nazret.com/blog/index.php/2009/08/13/ethiopia_s_resilien t_prime_minister

Egypt s Response The Egyptian Prime Minster responds say that he is amazed by the language used, and that they are not seeking war, nor will there be a war. http://womenslens.blogspot.com/2010_03_14_archi ve.html

January 25, 2011 Twitter Photo

February 11, 2011 Egyptian President, Hosni Mubarak, resigns. Power is turned over to the Supreme Council of Egyptian Armed forces. http://www.thegrio.com/opinion/will-egypts-protests-have-a-dominoeffect-in-africa.php

March 1, 2011 Reuters reports Burundi has signed the Entebbe treaty. Sudan and the Democratic Republic of Congo have not signed, but Kenya stated last year that Congo is expected to join.

Egypt s Response Egyptian Water Resources and Irrigation Minister states, Egypt welcomes all cooperation with Nile Basin States on development projects, on condition that Egypt s water shares are not harmed.

March 20, 2011 UN-Water chair, Zafar Adeel, states he is meeting with experts in Canada to discuss water and security. Adeels says, We think that water is an issue that would be a appropriate for the U.N. Security Council. He goes on to state, stresses on water supplies due to global warming and a rising population -- which is set to grow to 9 billion by 2050 from 7 billion in 2011 -- could heighten the risk of future conflicts. http://www.h2bidblog.com/prominent-personalities

March 30, 2011 Ethiopian Prime Minister announces that work on The Great Millennium Dam will start soon. The Dam will be the 10 th largest in the world and will run 40 kilometers across the Sudanese Border.

March 31, 2011 Egyptian Irrigation Minster announces he is waiting for the Ethiopian Government to reply to his request for technical and environmental studies of the Great Millennium Dam.

April 2, 2011 Prime Minister Meles Zanawi lays the corner stone for the Millennium Dam Project. Ethiopia responds to Egypt s inquiry, Any questions they have about the development of water have to come through the Cooperative Framework Agreement or the Entebbe Treaty. This is the spirit and purpose of the CFA and we will not deal with them unless it is through the CFA. http://www.ethioembassy.org.uk/

Egypt s Response Egypt sends a 40-man delegation to Uganda in order to gain support. The delegation includes many top officials, including Presidential hopefuls. The delegation fails.

April 24, 2011 Ethiopia announces it will not release requested information to Egypt until they sign the new cooperative framework agreement and relinquish veto power of the Nile. Furthermore, they will not allow Egypt to examine the dam project itself until a new agreement is signed.

May 14, 2011 According to the original agreement, this will be the deadline for the remaining countries to sign the agreement.

Why Does it Matter?

In Review Pros/Cons of Dams Social/Economic Implications Politics of Dams Colorado River Compact Amazon River Dams New Millennium Dam Case Study

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Works Cited "Ethiopia PM Warns of Nile War - Africa - Al Jazeera English." AJE - Al Jazeera English. 24 Nov. 2010. Web. 24 Apr. 2011. <http://english.aljazeera.net/news/middleeast/2010/11/20101124152728280839.html>. "E African Nations Firm on Nile Deal - Middle East - Al Jazeera English." AJE - Al Jazeera English. 28 June 2010. Web. 24 Apr. 2011. <http://english.aljazeera.net/news/middleeast/2010/06/201062871134786105.html>. Nduwinmana, Patrick. "Burundi Joins Nile Basin Pact Opposed by Egypt Reuters." Business & Financial News, Breaking US & International News Reuters.com. 01 Mar. 2011. Web. 24 Apr. 2011. <http://www.reuters.com/article/2011/03/01/us-burundi-nile-idustre72041320110301>. Staff. "Egypt Stays Opposed to Ethiopia s Grand Millennium Dam Project." Ethiopian News. Www.Ezega.com, 11 Apr. 2011. Web. 12 Apr. 2011. <http://www.ezega.com/news/newsdetails.aspx?page=heads&newsid=2847>. "Tensions Escalate over Amazon Mega Dam - Opinion - Al Jazeera English." AJE - Al Jazeera English. Web. 25 Apr. 2011. <http://english.aljazeera.net/indepth/opinion/2011/04/201145115820561110.html>.