1 2 3 4 Geography: Unit 2 North America United States and Canada Map Major Physical Features Mountain Ranges Brooks Range Mackenzie Mountains Coast Mountains Cascades Sierra Nevada Rocky Mountains Appalachian Mountains Highest Points US: Mount McKinley Canada: Mount Logan Lowest Point Death Valley Rivers Mississippi River Missouri River Ohio River Rio Grande Mackenzie Colorado River Green River Mackenzie Moutains Mississippi River
5 6 7 8 North American Large Bodies of Water Great Lakes Superior Michigan Huron Erie Ontario Great Salt Lake Major Bodies of Water Hudson Bay Gulf of Mexico Major North American Land Features Canadian Shield Coastal Plain Landform Regions Interior Plains Great Basin Eastern Lowland Region Flat coastal plain that runs along the Atlantic Ocean and Gulf of Mexico Features flat land with good access to the coast, and excellent ports Mississippi River empties into this region
9 10 11 12 Major Features Piedmont Located in Southeastern U.S. Between the Appalachian Highlands and Gulf Atlantic Coastal Plains Area of low plateau regions full of rolling hills and fast flowing rivers The Appalachian Highlands Appalachian Mountain Range Old Mountains Used to be high steep mountains Eroded down to only between 1,200 and 2,400 ft Home to a number of different mountain ranges Green, Catskill, Blue Ridge, and Great Smokey Appalachian Trail Hiking trail 2,160 miles long Runs almost entire range Runs from South East Canada down through the upper east coast of United States, down to Alabama Centered around the Appalachian Mountain System
13 14 15 16 Great Plains The Interior Lowlands (also called Interior Plains) Huge Expanse of mostly level land Formed by Glaciers thousands of years ago Known for Lakes and rivers Rolling hills Fertile soil Three Sub regions Interior Plains Appalachians to just west of Mississippi River Slowly rise to 2000 feet above sea level Great Plains Mostly treeless area Continues to rise 4000 feet above sea level Canadian Shield Far north rocky and mainly flat area 2 million square miles around Hudson Bay Ranges from 1500 ft to 5000 ft above sea level Interior Plains, Great Plains, & Canadian Shield Interior Plains Canadian Shield Western Mountains, Plateaus, and basins Three main mountain ranges in Western U.S. and Canada Rocky Mountains Run from Alaska to New Mexico Almost 3,000 miles Young large mountains, 80 million years old Have not eroded like the Appalachians Jagged snow covered peaks More than 12,000 feet tall Contains the Continental Divide Cascades and Sierra Nevada Range Cascades Run parallel to the Pacific Ocean from California to Alaska Mt McKinley is a part of the Cascades 20,320 feet above sea Level Sierra Nevada Range Runs Along the border of California and Nevada Great Basin Area between the Rockies & the Sierra Mountain Ranges Lowland Deserts Canyons Cliffs
17 18 19 The Islands Canada s northernmost land are islands in the icy seas above Canada s mainland Major islands include: Ellesmere Victoria Baffin Also Includes the Aleutian Islands off coast of Alaska Created by Volcanoes Lakes U.S. and Canada contain 8 of the 15 of the world s largest lakes Includes the Great Lakes Great Lakes and St Laurence River make up one of the world s largest shipping routes Mississippi River system is the continent s largest and busiest river system Canada's largest river system is the Mackenzie River Flows across the Northwest territories to Arctic Ocean Forests and Land Contains some of the most fertile soil in the world North America is the world s leading food exporter U.S. and Canada are covered in vast forests One half of Canada is covered by woodlands U.S. has more types of trees Due to differing climates Natural Resources Industrialization happened quickly in both countries due to an abundance of natural resources Iron Ore, Nickel, Copper, Gold, and Uranium are all found in the Canadian Shield Also found in the western mountain ranges Also have coal, natural gas, and oil 20
21 22 23 24 Objective: Understand the unique and sometimes challenging relationship between Canada and the U.S. A Tale of Two Friends The relationship between the U.S. and Canada Canadian Money Canada is part of the British Common Wealth Dudley Do Right Former British countries that have grouped together to make their money & economy more stable Queen of England on the money Canadian money is usually not worth as much as the U.S. money Current exchange rate is about.73 cents (U.S.) to one Canadian dollar They do not have a paper dollar Costs too much to make a paper dollar They have a dollar coin (nicknamed the Loonie) Due to the Loon on the back The two dollar coin is nicknamed the Toonie They no longer make the penny They round up to a dollar at 98 cents Round down to 95 at 97 cents Credit cards they charge exactly the price U.S. and Canada BFFs? U.S. and Mexico In 1994, the U.S., Canada, & Mexico, created the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) No tariffs or trade restrictions with each other
25 Lots of Climates 26 27 28 Shared Climates Below the Arctic and Tundra lies the Sub-Arctic climate Most of Canada and Alaska is Sub-Arctic Characteristics of Sub-Arctic Mild summers, very cold winters Permafrost is common Shared Climates Humid Continental Southern Canada and North Eastern U.S. Characteristics Cold Winters, Warm Summers Very Productive Agriculturally Marine West Coast Pacific coast of U.S. and Canada Characteristics Ocean Regulates Temps Mild Summers and Winters Wet Permanently frozen ground Agriculture First settlers to North America were Nomads who crossed the Bering Land Bridge These nomads when temperatures settled decided to also settle down. Replaced hunting and gathering with farming Plowed fields Cleared forests Irrigation Grew Corn Beans and Squash. The Arctic coast of Alaska and Canada is Cold! Arctic and Tundra Climates Frozen and Cold for most of the year Summer temperatures only get to around 46 degrees Rockies and Cascades share a highland climate Temp and Vegetation change with altitude Mountains keep temperatures regulated on both sides
29 30 Building Cities Building Cities Settlements near water and ports are popular Montreal in Canada is located on the St Lawrence River Temperatures are cold most of the year Built major parts of the city underground to stay warm Built warm buildings to allow people to stay inside most of the time Underground City, Montreal is one of the world s largest underground complexes in the world Underground City 20 miles of underground tunnels Shopping malls Apartment complexes Banks Museums Universities Metro stations 500,000 people use every day in winter Urban Sprawl Urban vs. Rural Los Angeles Mild climate all year Because of prime locations people came from all over to live there City was forced to spread out to all the surrounding areas LA covers 469 square miles The surrounding city and towns cover 5,700 miles 31 32 Roadways in U.S. and Canada Highway System develops To connect towns large highway systems were built across the country Based on the Autobahn in Germany Transcontinental highway in Canada stretches 4,860 United States interstate stretches 46,000 miles Canada has 560,000 miles of road U.S. has about 4 million miles of road Dwight D. Eisenhower made the U.S. Interstate Highway System Even numbers go West to East Increasing in number as you go East Odd number go South to North Increasing in number as you go North Interstate and Major Roads
33 34 Waterways Great lakes and St Lawrence River make up one of the busiest shipping routes in the world Relies on system of locks for ships to move between the lakes Regions of The U.S. Northeast, South, Midwest, and West 35 Northeast Smallest of the U.S. regions But most densely populated Home to about 1/5 of the U.S. population Most live in the major cities New York, Boston, Philadelphia, Baltimore, and Washington D.C. All of these combine together to form a megalopolis A group of cities that combine in one large city chain Population totals more than 10 million Cultures of the Northeast Melting Pot Immigrants from all over the world congregated in the Northeast Greek, Irish, Italian and more came through eastern coast Now most people come from Latin America 36 Human features of the Northeast Political and Financial Center of the US Most industrialized region Until 1900 Decline creates Rust Belt Still economically wealthy Well connected Port Cities Canals and Rivers Highways and Railroads
37 The Midwest Center of the country from Canada border to Mexico Most live in cities on Great Lakes and Mississippi River system Agriculture is king Great soil Corn Belt runs through Nebraska and Ohio U.S. leads in corn exports Dairy Belt Wisconsin, Minnesota, and Michigan Most dairy products in U.S. come from here Major Cities Chicago is the largest in the Midwest Made possible because of port on lake Michigan Most important railroad hub in U.S. O'Hare airport is one of the busiest in the world Great cultural center museums and universities Great Lakes cities Detroit, Cleveland, Milwaukee, and Toledo Mississippi River cities Minneapolis and St Paul St Louis 38 The South 30 percent of countries Population Historically Rural and Agricultural Growing away from Agriculture slowly Economy based on Natural Resources Lumber Cotton Tobacco Minerals Modern Economy developing to service based industries Banks Biotech Tourism 39 The West Largest region, most sparsely populated ¼ of country population Divided into two areas Interior Nevada, Montana, Utah and others Pacific Coast Washington, Oregon, California Most people live here Industries vary in the vast area Computers Silicon Valley, Washington Tourism California, Alaska, Hawaii 40 O Canada Regions of Canada 10 Provinces & 3 Territories -Canada received it s independence on July 1 st, 1867 O Canada
41 Atlantic Provinces Provinces on the Atlantic Ocean Newfoundland, New Brunswick, and Nova Scotia Poorest economically Low pay and High unemployment Affected by weather and poor soils Overfished Resources regulated to help them recover 42 43 44 Quebec and Ontario The Heart of Canada Ottawa is the national capital of Canada Toronto is the financial center of Canada Major cities on St Lawrence Seaway Quebec is located on a major port on the river Economy is based on trade and service industries Tourism Manitoba & Saskatchewan Alberta What does it Look Like Two types: Physical and Human Physical Features Central Provinces in Interior Plains Called The Prairie Provinces Manitoba and Saskatchewan Economy based on growing season Wheat is major crop In Alberta, they have the Chinook winds Human Features They build windmills Government cutting assistance for farming Weather may cut season short making economy drop Natural resources such as mining are growing in the central provinces
45 British Columbia Located on Pacific Coast Two Mountain ranges run through regions Cascades and Rockies Full of natural resources Forests Fishing Mining Trade with Pacific countries supports the province Major city is Vancouver 46 47 48 Northern Territories Modern technology is improving the connections to the rest of Canada Arctic climate makes living difficult, but people in the north play a major role in the economy of Canada Metal, gold, diamonds and fossil fuels are located in the area Large supplies of Fresh Water are available Major Cities in Canada Known for clean, safe, and well managed cites Toronto is largest Around 5 million people Home to Canada s financial center Growing multicultural city Montreal About 3.5 million people Victoria and Vancouver, British Colombia Western Canada's most popular city Movie making city Winnipeg, Alberta Major railroad city in Canada Yukon, Northwest, & Nunavut Territories Lots of minerals Very cold Very few people Few cities Yellow Knife