LONDON 2015 13 May 2015 Jørgen Jørgensen
MAIL FROM DENMARK TO FOREIGN DESTINATIONS During the skilling period 1854-1874 Mail without stamps are excluded INTRODUCTION In the middle of the 18 th century the postal communication within the Nordic Countries was extensive. Denmark played an important role as the Nordic pier head towards the Continental Europe. The postal routes within the Nordic countries were well developed. The total number of letters from Denmark to foreign destinations rises from 0,75 millions in 1854 to 2,5 millions in 1874. Around 40% of these letters were to the Nordic Countries, with 25 30% to Sweden, 10 12 % to Norway app. 5% to North America and 3% to France. PLAN FOR THE EXHIBIT Mail to: 1.0 Danish Territories in the North Atlantic Ocean 1.1 Iceland 2.1 Sweden and 2.2 Norway 3.0 Our Neighbours South of the Boarder 3.7 The Austrian and 3.8 Hungarian Empire 4.0 Russia and 4.2 Finland 5.0 Great Britain 6.0 Belgium and 6.2 Netherlands 7.0 Mail to Central and Southern Europe: 7.1 France 7.2 Swiss and 7.3 Greece 7.4 Italy 7.5 Spain, 7.6 Portugal and 7.7 Gibraltar 8.0 Mail to Africa: 8.1 Algeria, 8.2 Egypt and 8.3 Mauritius 8.4 Mail to Asia 8.5 British India, 8.6 Siam and 8.7 China 8.8 Australia and 8.9 New Zealand 9.0 Mail to America 9.1 USA 92. Cuba and 9.3 Danish West India Information with regard to routes and rates are in 10 pitch References to Circulars etc. are in 11 pitch The rarity of specific items is in 9 pitch bold. THE STRUCTURE OF THE EXHIBIT The main purpose with this exhibit is to: document the different mail routes between Denmark, Scandinavia, Continental Europe and the rest of the world. document the complex structure of the rates based on bilateral agreements between countries. document the constant decreasing rates for different types of mail in the period 1852 1875. HIGLIGHTS One or two recorded items Frame 1 - Page 2: 4 Skilling rate to Iceland Frame 2 - Page 11: Letter of 3 rd weight to Norway Frame 4 - Page 4: Insured letter to Germany Frame 4 - Page 10: Registered letter to Russia Frame 5 - Page 2: Letter of 3 rd weight to UK Frame 5 - Page 16: Letter of 2 nd weight to Netherlands Frame 7 - Page 12: Letter to Gibraltar Frame 7 - Page 14: Letter to Mautitius Frame 8 - Page 1: Letter to Siam Frame 8 Page 3: 60 skilling letter to Australia Frame 8 - Page 9: 110 Skilling 2 nd weight letter to USA Frame 8 - Page 16: 400 Skilling Dispatch Note to DWI INFORMATION USED The information used comes from own studies of postal conventions, rate tables and from the following books and articles: Karsten Jensen: Danish Franked mail to an from Foreign Destinations 1851-1905, September 2007 A. Tholl: Articles in NFT 1962,2 and 1973,2. Ole Steen Jacobsen: Danish Skillings Letters, 1995 Kurt Hansen and Ole Maintz: Ship Letters to and from Denmark, 1996. Jørgen Gotfredsen and Jesper Haff: Danish Mail 1851 1979, Volume 1, 1979
In the middle of the 18 th century the postal communica6on within the Nordic Countries was extensive. Denmark played an important role as the Nordic pier head towards the Con6nental Europe. The postal routes within the Nordic countries were well developed. The total number of lebers from Denmark to foreign des6na6ons rises from 1,5 millions in 1854 to 2,0 millions in 1874. Around 40% of these lebers were to the Nordic Countries, with 25 30% to Sweden, 10 12 % to Norway app. 5% to North America and 3% to France.
Total numbers of letters to Foreign Destination pr Year 2.500.000 2.000.000 1.500.000 1.000.000 Sarja1 500.000 -
The main purpose with this exhibit is to: document the different mail routes between Denmark, Scandinavia, Con6nental Europe and the rest of the world. document the complex structure of the rates based on bilateral agreements between countries. document the constant decreasing rates for different types of mail in the period 1852 1875.
Mail to: 1.0 Danish Territories in the North Atlantic Ocean 1.1 Iceland 2.1 Sweden and 2.2 Norway 3.0 Our Neighbours South of the Boarder 3.7 The Austrian and 3.8 Hungarian Empire 4.0 Russia and 4.2 Finland 5.0 Great Britain 6.0 Belgium and 6.2 Netherlands 7.0 Mail to Central and Southern Europe: 7.1 France 7.2 Swiss and 7.3 Greece 7.4 Italy 7.5 Spain, 7.6 Portugal and 7.7 Gibraltar 8.0 Mail to Africa: 8.1 Algeria, 8.2 Egypt and 8.3 Mauritius 8.4 Mail to Asia 8.5 British India, 8.6 Siam and 8.7 China 8.8 Australia and 8.9 New Zealand 9.0 Mail to America 9.1 USA 92. Cuba and 9.3 Danish West India
HIGLIGHTS One or two recorded items Frame 1 - Page 2: 4 Skilling rate to Iceland Frame 2 - Page 11: Letter of 3 rd weight to Norway Frame 4 - Page 4: Insured letter to Germany Frame 4 - Page 10: Registered letter to Russia Frame 5 - Page 2: Letter of 3 rd weight to UK
Information with regard to routes and rates are in 10 pitch References to Circulars etc. are in 11 pitch The rarity of specific items are in 9 pitch bold.
According to Cours Circulaire 1852/11 dated 30 June 1852 article I A-2: The postage for printed matter between Denmark and Sweden was 2/3 Lübeck Schillinge per lod to each of the countries. This postage could be paid by one 4 skilling stamp. This rate was valid until 30 September 1865 Printet matter to Sweden could be prepaid with stamps since July 1 1852. Less than 10 such covers are recorded today and none af theese are used before 15. July 1854.
Ship letter dispatched on a boat in the harbour of Copenhagen. The letter is delivered direct to the Post in Helsingborg. Here the cover and the stamps are cancelled with a cross in ink. Cancelled in blue with: ÅNGB.BREF FR. DANMARK (Steamboat from Denmark) From Helsingborg the letter was transported by train to Stockholm.
The postage for a prepaid letter of 1 st weight is 8 skilling. 6 in red crayon a Danish notation - indicates the calculated postage due based on a rate of 12 skilling for a non prepaid letter 5 øre Swedish currency a Swedish notation - equal to 2 Danish øre indicates the correct postage due based on the fact that the special boarder rate still exists for non prepaid letters. This rate is 8 skilling equal to the rate for prepaid letters.
Letter sent from Copenhagen 18.09.72 via Malmø to Stockholm. The letter was dispatched outside the national postal service as a ship mailbox letter. The stamps are cancelled with the railway cancel: PKXP. N:r. 2 used on the Malmø/Falkøbing railway
18 16 14 12 10 8 Sarja1 6 4 2 0 1854/65 1865/69 1869/74
The postage for a letter send via Sweden to Norway of 1. weight was 24 sk including the transit postage. 5 endorsed in red crayon is equal to the fee to be paid by the receiver. 4 sk + 1 sk for the distribution in Christiania. The letter is posted in a letterbox in Copenhagen 2 November 1864 to Christiania. The letter is apparently meant to be sent by steamship to Christiania - it is stamped with 20 sk equal to the rate for a letter of first weight to Norway sent by steamship. On November 2 nd 1864 the last steamship - before the winter season - departs Copenhagen. On reverse the letter is cancelled Svinesund 7 November 1864 which means that the letter has been kept in Copenhagen a few days before it is sent via Sweden to Christiania.
According to Circulaire 1860/4 dated 26 March 1860 the rate for a letter of 1st weight (up to 1 lod) transported direct between Denmark and Norway was reduced to 20 skilling Danish share 2 Sch.C. 6 Skilling rounded up/down 7 Sk. 6 Sk. Ship s fee 2 Sch.C. 4 Skilling Norwegian share 2 Sch.C 10 Skilling rounded up/down 13 Sk. 14 Sk. Total postage 6 Sch.C 20 Skilling 20 Sk. 20 Sk. The rate was valid from the moment in 1860 where the first Norwegian steam ship sailed after the winter season and until 30 September1865 Calculation of the fee split between Denmark and Norway was connected with a certain degree of uncertainty. In the Postal Convention the rates were fixed in Sch.C The Sch.C was in practice converted into Danish Skilling The three different breakdowns of 20 skilling shown here: 12/8-13/7 and 14/6 illustrates the challenge.
The Danish respective the German territory are divided into zones (rayons) Danish rayon 1: Less than 10 mil from Hamburg or Lauenburg. Danish rayon 2: All other Danish Territories. German rayon 1: Less than 10 mil from Hamburg or Büchen. German rayon 2: Between 10 and 20 mil from Hamburg or Büchen. German rayon 3: All other German territories. The postage is calculated as 1 sgr. for each rayon the letter pass from sender to recipient
Letter sent from Kiel 9 July to Venegerndorf in Mecklenburg. On reverse cancelled K.D.O.P.A.Hamburg 9.7, Hamburg Bahnhof 9.7, Hagenow Bahnhof 10.7 Letter correct franked with 8 skilling equal to 1 ¾ sgr of which ¾ - indicated in red crayon is the Mecklenburg share. Denmark and Mecklenburg agreed with effect from 1 March 1861 to add several cities in nearby north-eastern Holstein including Kiel, to rayon 1 zone. At the same time all of Mecklenburg was classified as a rayon 1 zone.
Letter sent from Copenhagen 22 June 1862 to London. Upper left endorsement via Ostende On reverse K.D.O.P.A Hamburg 23. June Red Hamburg PAID June 23 1862, and London June 25 1862 PAID 39 skilling 1 st weight 2 nd weight 3 rd weight Danish share 2 sgr. 4 sgr. 6 sgr. German share 3 sgr. 6 sgr. 9 sgr. Belgium share 1 sgr. 2 sgr. 3 sgr. British share 3 sgr. 6 sgr. 9 sgr. Total postage 9 sgr. 18 sgr. 27 sgr. 39 sk. 77 sk 116 sk.
78 skilling 2nd weight 120 skilling 2nd weight
According to Cours Circulaire 1852/19 dated 9 November 1852 the postage for mail between Denmark and Swiss are to be calculated as follows: Sgr Skilling Kreuzer Centimes Danish share 2 9 7 German share 3 13 9 Swiss share 2 9 7 Total 7 30 23 88 This rate was valid till 31 July 1865
Letter to Wintherthur correct franked with the reduced rate 26 sk. Lucerne is among the app. 200 destinations with the reduced rate. This letter to Lucerne is franked the with full rate - 30 sk
8 letters from Denmark to Spain are recorded from the skilling period. 3 letters from Denmark to Portugal are recorded from the skilling period.
Only recorded letter to Gibraltar. Letter of second weight correct franked with 50 skilling
Before December 1859 where the railway between Alexandria and Suez were inaugurated the mail were carried by donkeys between Alexandria and Cairo. From Cairo the mail were carried by dromedaries to Suez. In total it took between 2½ and 3 days to get the mail through to Suez where the steamers were waiting. In 1869 the Suez Canal was inaugurated. But the British P&O were contractual obliged to use the railway between Alexandria and Suez until 1874. From 1874 mail sent via Southampton were allowed to pass the Suez Canal and from 1888 mail sent via Brindisi were allowed to pass the Canal. Non of the recorded Danish letters to the Far East before 1875 did pass the Suez Canal.
Letter sent from Viborg 9. august 1870 to Calcutta in British India. The letter is sent by: Direct Danish/English Mail bag
Letter to Siam sent in Danish- French Mailbag via Marseilles Letter (Cover front) sent from Copenhagen 13. July 1868 to Bangkok. Transit cancellation from the French boarder: Danemark- Erquelinne 15 July 1868 Only recorded letter to Siam from the Skilling period
Mail to New Zealand Via Marseille - 36 skilling Departure: 25.03.1872 Arrival: 12.06.1872 In total 79 days Via London - 34 skilling Departure: 9.01.1872 Arrival: 8.04.1872 In total 89 days
Mail to Amerika In Circular no 2 dated 19 March 1853 it was announced that the German Postal Union and USA with effect from 15 July 1854 had agreed on a postal convention. From that date it was possible to send the mail via Germany and Ostende or Dover and Liverpool to USA. Via Germany and Liverpool Rate valid from 15. July 1854 Danish share German share Belgium share Sea postage American Postage Total postage 9 sk / 2 sgr / 5 Cts 9 sk / 2 sgr / 5 Cts 1 sgr / 2 Cts 8 sgr / 18 Cts 2 sgr / 5 Cts 64 sk / 15 sgr / 35 Cts This rate is valid until 31. December 1867
Mail to Amerika In Circular no 11 dated 29 July 1865 it was announced that the German Postal Union and USA with effect from 1 August 1865 had agreed on a postal convention. From that date it was possible to sent the mail via Germany in a closed mailbag to USA. The consequence was that the transit postage to Belgium no longer was paid pr letter. Via Germany in closed mailbag Rate valid from 1 st August 1865 1 st weight Danish share German share Sea postage American Postage Total postage 4 sk / 1 sgr / 2 Cts 9 sk / 2 sgr / 5 Cts 8 sgr / 18 Cts 2 sgr / 5 Cts 55 sk /13 sgr / 30 Cts These rate are valid until 9. July 1866
Mail to CUBA In the Postal Convention between Denmark and Great Britain dated 29. September 1865 the rate for a letter send in Danish/British mailbag - of a weight from 0 to 3 Quint - prepaid by using stamps is 14 skilling Danish share 4 sk or 1 sgr. British share 10 sk or 2 ¼ sgr. or 3 d Sea postage 41 sk or 9 ¾ sgr. or 1 sh Total 55 sk or 13 sgr.
Mail to Danish West India Letter of 3 rd weight sent in closed Danish/English mailbag - 165 skilling. Only recorded letter of 3 rd weight to Danish West India - in the Skilling period.
Mail to Danish West India The postage paid 400 skilling equal to 94 sgr. is correct for a parcel of a weight 1p.and 31 gr. The postage is shared with 4 sgr to the Danish Border Wamdrup and 90 sgr as the minimum foreign postage for a parcel up to 5 pound to St. Croix. Only recorded Dispatch Note - to Danish West India - in the Skilling period. The highest recorded postage rate for any Danish mail to Foreign Destinations in the Skilling period
Focus on the cheap points Scoresheet Treatment 20 Philatelic Importance 10 30 Philatlic and related knowledge and Personal Study 35 35 Condition 10 Rarity 20 30 Presentation 5 5 Total 100
Focus on the cheap points Scoresheet Treatment 20 Philatelic Importance 10 30 Philatlic and related knowledge and Personal Study 35 35 Condition 10 Rarity 20 30 Presentation 5 5 Total 100