Chapter 5 Study guide: Ancient Greece Due: Sept. 17/20 Gardner pp. 99-155 1. Define the following terms: caryatid foreshortening kouros kore krater entasis naos agora peripteral 2. Which of the following are artists or writers/philosopher? Aphrodite, Apollo, Ares, Artemis, Aristotle, Athena, Demeter, Dionysos, Eros, Exekias, Euphronius, Hermes, Hera, Hestia, Homer, Poseidon, Socrates, Sappho 3. For the Greeks, was the measure of all things. 4. What form did the Greeks give to their gods? 5. How did Greek gods differ from humans?
6. Who were the Dorians? 7. Who were the Ionians? 8. What was the significance of the Olympiad of 776 BC? 9. What two groups of individuals were excluded from participating in the Greek democracy? and. 10. What occurred in the 8 th century BC that set Greeks on their path toward greatness? a. b. c. 11. What was the function of the Geometric krater from Dipylon? 12. How does the decoration of the krater relate to its function? 13. How are figures represented?
14. Why does the decoration of this vase mark a significant turning point in the history of Greek art? 15. How does the Mantiklos Apollo differ from its Near Eastern prototypes? 16. Why was the 7 th century known as the Orientalizing period in Greek art? What kinds of subjects were introduced? 17. Discuss the influence of trade with Egypt in the 7 th century. 18. Name the earliest known Greek temple with sculptured decoration. 19. Who was Daedalus. Where did he work? 20. Lady of Auxerre is an example of the Daedalic style; list 3 characteristics of that style. c. 21. Monumental freestanding sculpture first appeared in Greece around in the period.
22. What characteristics do 6 th century kouros figures share with Egyptian statues? c. How are they different? _ 23. Why the archaic smile? What might it have signified? 24. Which parts of Greek statues were usually painted? 25. What was the function of the Greek kouros? 26. Who does the Peplos Kore represent? What was her original function? 27. What inspired Greeks to begin building stone/marble temples? 28. Describe the function and use of the Greek temple? 29. What influenced the plan of the Greek temple? 30. What did the Greeks believe was embodied by the harmonious proportions of their temples and their music?
31. What was the function of exterior figural sculpture? a. b. c. 32. What was unusual and unsatisfactory about the design/plan of the Basilica or Temple of Hera I? a. b. c. 33. With what problem did both sculptors and architects grapple? 34. What problem did the shape of the pediment present to sculptors? How did the artist address that problem in the Temple of Artemis at Corfu? 35. What features of the façade of the Treasury of the Siphnians at Delphi identify it as Ionic? a. 36. Label the parts on the following diagram and indicate the architectural order of each. Architrave echinus cornice capital Abacus frieze entablature frieze Volute pediment triglyph metope
37. On what parts of a Greek temple was sculptural decoration usually found? a. b. c. 38. How did the artist exhibit pride in his work? 39. Name two painters who worked in the black-figure style. and 40. How does Exekias representation of Achilles and Ajax foreshadow characteristics of Classical Greek art? 41. Name two painters who worked in the red-figure style. and
42.Who is generally given credit for the invention of red-figure technique? 43. How were the compositional problems of pedimental sculpture solved at the Temple of Aphaia at Aegina? 44. Classical refers to while classical refers to 45. In what year did the Persians sack Athens? 46. What was the significance of the Battle of Salamis? It inspired Aeschylus to celebrate the in his Oresteia trilogy. 47. What mythological subject is depicted on the east pediment of the Temple of Zeus at Olympia? 48. What is represented on the metopes and why was the subject chosen? 49. What is contrapposto? 50. Name two early examples of figures that demonstrate contrapposto? and
51. What was the function of the Charioteer? 52. The Diskobolos was sculpted by about BC. 53.What are its transitional features? 54. Why is the Doryphoros by one of the most frequently copied statues? What is its significance in the history of art? 55.What was the artist s aim? 56. What was the Delian League? 57. What occurred in 454 BC? Why was it controversial? 58. How was the Acropolis building program financed?
59. Name 4 buildings that were erected on the Athenian acropolis, giving their dates and function: c. d. 60. Who was Lord Elgin? Do you think the marbles should be returned to Greece? 61. Who were the architects of the Parthenon? and. 62. Who designed it sculptural decorations? 63. What do the Parthenon and the Doryphoros have in common? 64. What was the primary style of the Parthenon? 65. Identify the two Ionic elements: and What might have been the symbolic significance of Ionic elements? 66. How did Phidias statue of Athena Parthenos refer to the defeat of the Persians? a. b. c. d.
67. What do the metopes of the Parthenon depict? What are they thought to symbolize? 68. In what ways do the figures from the east pediment of the Parthenon differ from those of the east pediment of the Temple of Zeus at Olympia? What was new about Phidias design? 69.What do scholars believe is represented on the Parthenon s inner frieze? 70. What reveals the Athenians view of their own importance? 71. Who designed the Propylaia? Describe its appearance. 72. Two Ionic buildings on the Acropolis are: and, designed by Kallikrates.
73. Why is the Erechtheion an unusual building? How might you explain its plan? 74. List two stylistic features that characterize the relief of Nike adjusting her sandal. 75. What was used to mark Athenian graves during the: Geometric period? Archaic period? Classical period? 76. When did the white-ground technique become popular? and who was a master of the white-ground technique? 77. The vase decoration of the Niobid Painter is thought to reflect the style of the mural painter What innovative elements relate to the painter s style? 78. What is the significance of the decoration of the Tomb of the Diver at Paestum? 79. The Peloponnesian War was begun in and ended in? Who was defeated? and who won?
80: How did Greek attitudes change in the century following the Peloponnesian War? c. 81. How did Greek thought and art reflect the chaos following the Peloponnesian War? 82. The original Aphrodite of Cnidos, one of the first Greek female nudes, was carved by in the century. 83. Why did Praxiteles Aphrodite cause such a sensation? 84. In what major ways did 4 th century Greek sculpture differ from that of the 5 th century? 85. What qualities of Praxiteles Hermes and Dionysos express these differences? c. d. 86. For what was the artist Skopas known? 87. List two innovations made by Lysippos in figure sculpture.
88. How does his figure canon differ from that of Polykleitos? 89. Who was Alexander the Great? 90. What artist did he choose to do his portrait? 91. What is the difference between pebble and tessarae mosaics? 92. Who is the earliest known mosaicist? 93. What Greek painter is thought to have invented shading? 94. What is stylistically significant about the paintings discovered at Vergina in Macedonia? a. b. c. 95. Where would you have found the Alexander mosaic? What does it depict? Upon whose work is it based? What is most impressive about it visually? 96. What concern of classical Greek painters would continue to concern Western painting from the Renaissance through the 19 th century? 97. What is the finest theater in Greece? designed by.
Define: Auditorium or cavea Orchestra Theatron Skene 98. What advantage does a Corinthian capital have over an Ionic? 99. What is the earliest instance of a Corinthian capital? 100. What are the parameters of the Hellenistic period? When did it begin and end? Name 3 centers of the Hellenistic world: a. b. c. 101. How did the architecture of the Hellenistic period differ from that of the Classical? 102. What is dipteral? 102. What was unusual about the Temple of Apollo at Didyma? 103. Who did Aristotle credit with the invention of rational city planning? How did his approach to city planning relate to the canon of Polykleitos and Iktinos s Parthenon?
104. What buildings were found on the acropolis of Pergamon? 105. What is depicted in the frieze on the Altar of Zeus and Athena from Pergamon? 106. What was the significance of the subject? 107. What was its relationship to the Parthenon? 108. Describe the style of the Pergamene frieze: 109. What artist does Pliny identify as the creator of the sculptures on the Altar of Zeus? 110. Using the Dying Gaul and the Seated Boxer as examples, how would you describe Hellenistic sculpture? 111. List three characteristics that identify the Nike of Samothrace as Hellenistic. c. 112. What characteristic is shared by the Aphrodite of Delos and the Barberini Faun?
113. The Old Market Woman exemplifies the broader range of subjects depicted by Hellenistic artists subjects that emphasized 114. What innovations did Hellenistic artists bring to portraiture? 115. Why did the Laocoon end up in Rome? Who discovered it? When? 116. What subject was depicted in the statue of Laocoon and his sons? Who sculpted it?