Paris fight(s) for a better air quality Dominique Alba Atelier parisien d urbanisme (APUR) CEO London 01/20/2017
What is ATELIER PARISIEN d URBANISME? www.apur.org Urban planning agency of Paris Since 1967 Association loi 1901 (NGO) 80 people Missions : Studies and analysis about all society and urban transformations connected to public policies History, data bases, urban mutations, new targets, etc Perimeter of studies: Economics /trade / facilities, rules/ energy / urban metabolism and human metabolism /housing / all on double scale : Paris and its Metropolis. L Apur, Atelier parisien d urbanisme, est une association 1901d urbanisme, qui réunit la Ville de Paris, le Département de Paris, l État, la DRIEA, l I L Apur, Atelier parisien est une association 1901 qui réunit la Ville de Paris, le Dép la Chambre de Commerce et d Industrie de Paris Ile-de-France, Autonome desile-de-france, Transports Parisiens, Société dudes Grand Par la Chambre de CommercelaetRégie d Industrie de Paris la RégielaAutonome Transpo l Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Eau de Paris, l Epaurif, Grand Paris Aménagement, Habitat, Ports de Paris, le SIAAP, leparis SIFUR l Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Eau de Paris,Paris l Epaurif, Grand Paris Aménagement, H ier parisien d urbanisme, est une association 1901 qui réunit la Ville de Paris, le Département de Paris, l État, la DRIEA, l Insee, Paris Métropole, le territoire Est Ensemble (T8), le territoire Grand-Orly Seine-Amont (T12), le territoire Grand Paris Seine Ouest (T3). le territoire EstVal-de-Bièvre Ensemble (T8), le territoire Grand-Orly Val-de-Bièvre Seine-Amont (T12), le territoir de Commerce et d Industrie de Paris Ile-de-France, la Régie Autonome des Transports Parisiens, la Société du Grand Paris, publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Eau de Paris, l Epaurif, Grand Paris Aménagement, Paris Habitat, Ports de Paris, le SIAAP, le SIFUREP, le SIPPEREC, SNCF Immobilier, le STIF, le Syctom, Great Paris Metropolis Est Ensemble (T8), le territoire Grand-Orly Val-de-Bièvre Seine-Amont (T12), le territoire Grand Paris Seine Ouest (T3). (since 1st january 2016) 7 M people living 131 communities 12 territories Grand-Orly Grand-Orly Val-de-Bièvre Seine-Amont Grand-Orly Val-de-Bièvre Seine-Amont
Air pollution : a major public health issue Particle pollution (PM10 and PM2.5) NO2 3.2 million people exposed to values above the limits PM10 1 million people exposed to values higher than the quality objective 6 600 premature deaths/year (source:airparif 2013) in the Paris metropolis 2012/04/14 level 54 2012/03/29 level 88
Car traffic limitation, a necessary lever to improve air quality Paris is now a restricted traffic zone Cars, coaches, and motorbikes to be classified according their polluting level (since16/01/2017) Eradicate highly polluting vehicles Alternating circulation and prohibiting the most polluting vehicles during pollution period Reduce dependence on polluting cars Allowing other uses to develop on the public space by reducing space for cars, with permanent or temporary closures to road traffic (such as Paris Respire program) No more diesel engines in 2020 Developing alternative transport to polluting cars (public transport, bicycles, electric mobility, walking)
1990 s : the beginning of the public space reconquest Champs Elysées Seine Banks
«Paris Respire», since 1995, temporary road closures (on sundays and/or august) to reclaim the streets
The 2000 decade considers public spaces as swiss knife, with multifonctionnal uses, appraisalof the public Amplify life on the river banks During the week On Sunday (Paris Respire) On August (Paris Plage) (till summer2016) (1995-2016) (2001-2016) And now, forever dedicated to pedestrians (since september 2016)
Build up of a Tramway (VLT) network in the Metropolis 105 kms 187 stops 830 000 users / day Tramway lines are not just a urban transport system but they also play a urban development catalyst role.
Develop new mobility services: Velib (since 2007) & bicycle lanes Vélib 1,700 stations 23,000 bikes Bicycle lanes from 700km to 1,400km in 2020
Bd de Rochechouart
Develop new mobility services : Autolib (since 2011), Cityscoot Autolib 1,100 stations over Paris Metropolis (5,700 parking slots) 3,700 electric cars in 2015 100,000 active users Cityscoot 150 electric scooters And tomorrrow : Velib to be expanded on the metropolis scale Blablacar,
The Seine river example North Bank / South Bank : one river, two projects
Left bank
Right bank (definitive closure on summer 2016) Still a controversy despite the consensus on the urgency of fighting air pollution => Already outdated?! Vs But 55% of Paris inhabitants support the closure of the banks to the road traffic (poll IFOP, sept 2016) Historic decision at the Paris Council: the end of an urban highway and the reconquest of the Seine banks No to the closure of the banks. 2 times more time to cross Paris 2 times more pollution.
On 2017, going on with public spaces rebalance Ø 50% of public space dedicated to cars => still to much! Ø thinking about the street parking future : to reaffect for other uses? A new bicycle lane will be set up on Rivoli street in 2017 ( Céline Orsinger)
And later a new transportation system for the Paris Metropolis Ø 4 new lines / 200 km to be open from 2022 till 2030 Ø 500 urban projects interconnected
All the metropolitan territory will be less than 2 km away from a train station (8 minutes by bike)
Learnings from the Paris experience The fight against air pollution is the crossroad of different axis: - short-term actions to accelerate the renewal of the fleet towards less polluting vehicles or the abandonment of the personal vehicle -a long-term strategy to reduce car traffic and rebalance the position of the personal car on public space through the development of alternative transport services, but also by a reclaim of public spaces and development of its uses (despite controversies which already seem over outdated) - a global strategy which includes mass transportation system development, buildings efficiency, increase of greening and water over public spaces, etc. Results : ØDecrease in car traffic : - 40% from 2001 ØDecrease in public space allocated to cars (from 66% to 50%) ØDecrease in car ownership from 48% (2001) to 40% (2014) of parisian households ØDecrease in pollution levels by 50% for PM10 and NOx (2000-2012) Main polluting agents evolution (base 100 in 2000) Source Airparif2015
L Apur, Atelier parisien d urbanisme, est une association 1901 qui réunit la Ville de Paris, le Département de Paris, l État, la DRIEA, l Insee, Paris Métropole, la Chambre de Commerce et d Industrie de Paris Ile-de-France, la Régie Autonome des Transports Parisiens, la Société du Grand Paris, l Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Eau de Paris, l Epaurif, Grand Paris Aménagement, Paris Habitat, Ports de Paris, le SIAAP, le SIFUREP, le SIPPEREC, SNCF Immobilier, le STIF, le Syctom, le territoire Est Ensemble (T8), le territoire Grand-Orly Val-de-Bièvre Seine-Amont (T12), le territoire Grand Paris Seine Ouest (T3). Grand-Orly Val-de-Bièvre Seine-Amont Apur D. Boureau Thank You