IGU Pre conference Symposium Trier August 22 25, 2012 Freizeit und Tourismusgeographie Universität Trier This research has received funding from the European Community's Seventh Framework Program FP7/2007 2013 under grant agreement No.244251. The project SECOA [Solutions for Environmental Contrasts in Coastal Areas] will consider the effects of human mobility on urban settlements growth and restructuring in fragile environments, such as coastal areas. For further info, go to www.projectsecoa.eu eu This research is going to be further developed with a new research project named ESPACETUR Tourist Spaces in Coastal Areas. ESPACETUR will focus on the design, governance and regulation of tourism spaces on coastal regions of Portugal. The project is funded by the Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT PTDC/AUR URB/118612/2010). Table of contents: Portuguese Coast: an over Tourism in Portugal: basic data coastal tourism destinations: evolution and prospective
1. Portuguese Coast: an over coast: anover Portu uguese Facts and Figures Location Comprises of continental Portugal, Azores (9 islands) and Madeira (2 islands) Total: 92.000 km 2 Coastline: 1.853 km 2 (continent: 950 km 2, Azores: 691 km 2, Madeira: 212 km 2 ) Exclusive EconomicZone: 1.700.000 km 2 (one of the largest in the European Union) Source:xxxx coast: anover Portu uguese Very diverse coastline, comprising: Sandy beaches (591 km), with long extension of dunes (important for biodiversity, tourism activities and as buffer areas for flooding); Rock beaches: 348 km; Santa Cruz beach, Torres Vedras Rock cliffs; Salgados beach, Almada Coastal wetlands: Douro, Mondego, Tejo, Sado, Ria de Aveiro, Ria Formosa. Protected Landscape anover coast: a Portu uguese Very rich in fauna and flora: Important sites (e.g. Natura 2000Network) are mainly located on the coast. Estuário do Tejo (picasaweb.google.com) Caparica / Lagoa de Albufeira (RT Costa Azul) Ria Formosa (Turismo de Portugal)
anover uguese coast: a Portu Protected Areas (ICNB) Natura 2000 sites (www.igeo.pt) coast: anover Portu uguese Issues and risks (continent) Coastal erosion and recession: High levels of construction; Pressure from tourist activities; Overexploitation ti of materials in rivers and estuaries; Dredging (harbour activities). Cities Nº of industrial facilities with safety report in 2003 10 5 2.5 Fire risk High population density: Landscape degradation; Overexploitation of natural resources; Environmental pollution; Land surface Source: impermeabilisation. High Very high Seismic risk Tsunami risk Landslide risk Flood risk Hotspot for flooding Flood risk Reservoir rupture risk Critical coastal erosion risk Gas pipeline Gas pipeline (planned) Oil pipeline adapted from DGOTDU (2007) coast: an over uguese Portu Roughly 75% population lti lives and works in coastal areas (job opportunities, accessibilities, temperate climate, natural resources, social and cultural assets,...). Population Density (2001) anover uguese coast: a Portu Significant population increase in most coastal municipalities Population Growth (2001 2011)
anover uguese coast: a Portu Urban concentration along the coast and severe anthropic pressure in some areas (e.g. Lisbon) ib Urban centres (>2500 inhabit.) coast: anover uguese Portu Coastal (or near coastal) infrastructural networks: Ports; Airports; Railways; Highways; natural gas supply; (...) Major infrastructures coast: anover uguese Portu Someofthefinest of finest examples of historical cultural heritage (and its specific preservation sites/areas). Bugio / Oeiras Sagres Belém / Lisboa coast: anover Portu uguese Socio economic synopsis (continent): 85% Gross Domestic Product; High concentration of industries i and services (tourism included). Nº Population in cities (2001) Inland drivers 564 657 100 000 10 000 Capital cities Metropolitan System Other urban systems Roads Potential centralities Inland drivers Main distribution channels High Speed Train network 1st stage 2nd stage Greater Metropolitan Area of Porto Metropolitan System of Centre Coastline Greater Metropolitan Area of Lisboa Ports Level 1 Level 2 Airports International Horizon 2015 Greater Metropolitan Area of Algarve Source: adapted from DGOTDU (2007)
1. Portuguese Coast: an over 4 and 5 Stars Hotels Touriism in P Portugal: basic data Touriism in P Portugal: basic data Conventional supply Touriism in P Portugal: basic data Tourism international arrivals: 1967 2006 Hotel Capacity 90% of foreign tourists stay in coastal destinations: most significant share of hotel capacity in the l b Algarve, Lisbon, Oporto and Madeira.
Major touristic projects Turismo de Portugal, 2011 data Portugal: basic ism in P 46 PIN Projects (November, 2011) PIN National Relevant Projects data l: basic Portuga ism in P The majority and the largest camping parks are located on (or near) the coast Costa de Caparica (Google) Camping Parks (Atlas de Portugal) Touri data Touri Concentration of golf courses in coastal tourism developed areas Golf courses (Atlas de Portugal) Portugal: basic ism in P Touri Images on tourism development along the Portuguese coast
Tourism in Portugal: basic data Tourism in Portuga l: basic data Et Estoril: il1930 1930 s Albufeira: earlyxxthcentury Estoril: nowadays Albufeira: nowadays Tourism in Portugal: basic data Tourism in Portuga l: basic data Armação de Pêra / Algarve 1960 s Albufeira: 1969 Armação de Pêra / Algarve: nowadays Albufeira: nowadays
Touriism in P Portugal: basic data 1. Portuguese Coast: an over Quarteira: nowadays Quarteira: early XXth century National Plan tools (e.g. Algarve) M Macro / Strategic St t i Special and Sector Plans Regional Plans Inter Municipal Plans Municipal Plans Site Plans Micro / Operational P g coastaal tourissm desttinations P g coastaal tourissm desttinations tools National Plan 1 Special and Sector Plans >5 Regional Plans 1 Inter Municipal Plans 0 Municipal Plans 16 Site Plans > 40
tools tools coasta al touris smdest tination s 1864 Maritime Public Domain 50m (wide) coastal front 1990 Coastline Ub Urban Management Establishes guidelines dl for coastline Plan land use (2km) 1993 Coastline Plans (POOC) 8 Plans; Focused on protecting, ti managing and improving natural resources and landscapes (500m); Aimed at establishing different uses and activities, classifying beaches and regulating their use for bathing, as well as assuring nature protection. Source:adapted from http://portal.icnb.pt Protected areas coasta al touris smdest tination 1998 Coastline Strategy Establishes guidelines and priority sdomains for interventions in coastal areas. 2003 FINISTERRA Programme Aim: To improve the Portuguese coastline through structural measures, allowing implementing the actionsstatedstated in the Coastline Plans. 2009 Integrated t dmanagement Key principles (some examples): Strategy for the Portuguese Intergenerational sustainability Coastal Zones Response to and solidarity; 2002/413/CE Social cohesion; Prevention and precautionary Aim: to provide a policy principle; i framework to assure Holistic and multidisciplinary sustainable development in approach; coastal zones. Shared responsibility. Lack of planning? Construction on barrier islands, Faro/Algarve Lack of planning? Urban beach, Almada/Lisbon coasta al touris smdest tinations tinations smdest coasta al touris Building at the cliff, Vau/Algarve
Soltroia/Alentejo Resort vs integrated? Vale de Lobo, Algarve P g coastaal tourissm desttinations P g coastaal tourissm desttinations Resort vs integrated? Urban sprawl how can we plan it and integrate it? P g coastaal tourissm desttinations P g coastaal tourissm desttinations Urban sprawl how can we plan it? Praia del Rei, Oeste
s Urban sprawl how can we plan it and integrate it? Tourist enclaves how to integrate them? coasta al touris smdest tination s coasta al touris smdest tination Vl Vale da Tlh Telha / Western Algarve s coasta al touris smdest tination Tourist enclaves how to integrate them? Parque da Floresta / Algarve Highlights: An unbalanced country A (still coastal) tourist destination Anthropic pressures on land use Different tourist development processes A wealth of legal frameworks and regulations problems do persist itand some are even new!!! Topics for discussion ( or questions to be answered): How to cope with such different tourism spaces typologies? Conflicts? What sort of conflicts? Success vs failure? Lessons from experience How to promote knowledge transfer and effective planning?
carlosferreira@campus.ul.pt