The current status of Commonwealth Caribbean building codes and the updating of the OECS Building Code Tony Gibbs FREng, Secretary General CCEO Representing CDEMA History 1 Caribbean Uniform Building Code (CUBiC) o CUBiC 1979 1986 USAID CDB CCEO CARICOM o OECS Code 1992 UNDP references CUBiC o The revision of CUBiC 1999: * Caribbean Application Document of the IBC * Caribbean Residential Standards entirely new * Model Laws and regulations o CDB Regional Conference 2004 o CDB funds US$1.9million project executed by CROSQ 2006: * IDF graphs and flood hazard maps o CDB funds US$2.6million project executed by CROSQ 2012 Tony Gibbs FREng 1
9 of the 13 volumes of (CUBiC) History 2 Updating the OECS Building Code o OECS Code 1992 UNDP o State revisions 1995 present CDMP et al o Grenada launch 2000 o St Lucia consultation 2002 o St Vincent Code 2008 o 2015 project updating of the following sections: * Check consultants * Fire * Energy efficiency * Sanitary requirements * Air conditioning * Wind hazards * Earthquake hazards * Climate change adaptation and mitigation * Accessibility for persons with disabilities * Rainfall hazards * Safety for hotel occupants Tony Gibbs FREng 2
Updating the OECS Building Code Global Climate Change Alliance (GCCA) Project on Climate Change Adaptation (CCA) and Sustainable Land Management (SLM) in the Eastern Caribbean The Use of Check Consultants in Design and Construction Hurricane Luis in French Saint Martin and Dutch Sint Maarten Tony Gibbs FREng 3
Dutch side (Netherlands Antilles Meteorological Service): Highest gust: 99 knots or 51 ms -1 French side: No anemometer measurements available Dutch side: Catastrophic damage - 100% GDP direct - 100% GDP indirect French side: - Not much damage Tony Gibbs FREng 4
Regulatory Regime on the French side: - French standards or norms - bureau de contrôle checks: * design * construction quality assurance mechanisms Updating the OECS Building Code Global Climate Change Alliance (GCCA) Project on Climate Change Adaptation (CCA) and Sustainable Land Management (SLM) in the Eastern Caribbean Wind Hazards Tony Gibbs FREng 5
Tony Gibbs, AR Matthews, HC Shellard Wind Loads for Structural Design 1970 including HC Shellard Extreme Winds in the Commonwealth Caribbean Suggested Basic Wind Speeds (mph, 3s) for Some Commonwealth Caribbean Countries 1970 Jamaica 120 (= 54 m/s) BVI 120 (= 54 m/s) Leeward Islands 120 (= 54 m/s) St Lucia, St Vincent 120 (= 54 m/s) Barbados 120 (= 54 m/s) Grenada, Tobago 100 (= 45 m/s) Trinidad 90 (= 40 m/s) Guyana 50 (= 22 m/s) Tony Gibbs FREng 6
CUBiC Part 2 Section 2 1999: CARICOM decision to adopt and adapt the I-codes of the ICC 2000: The I-codes adopt by reference the wind load provisions of the ASCE 7. 2008: PAHO executed a project, funded by USAID for the preparation of the Caribbean Application Document (CAD) for ASCE 7-05 Ch 6. Tony Gibbs FREng 7
50 Year Wind Speeds for Caribbean 130 120 120 120 110 120 130 110 100 90 80 70 120 110 100 90 60 130 50 40 120 130 30 100 90 1997 Wind Load Factor 3.0 2.5 2.0 1.5 1.0 0.5 Non-Hurricane Hurricane 0.0 1 10 100 1000 10000 Return Period (Years) 2008 (Vrare/Vfrequent) increases with closeness to the equator 1971 Tony Gibbs FREng 8
1.2 1.1 Martinique Workshop 04 June 2015 Contour plots of load factor: (V 700 /V 50 ) 2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.3 1.2 1.3 1.2 1.2 1.1 1.1 1.3 1.2 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.3 1.5 1.3 1.7 1.6 1.7 1.5 1.4 1.8 2 1.9 1.2 Contour plots of importance factor for ASCE category III and IV structures defined by I=(V 1700 /V 700 ) 2 Tony Gibbs FREng 9
700 Year Wind Speeds for Caribbean 180 170 180 170 160 160 160 170 150 140 130 120 110 100 90 190 170 150 140 130 160 80 70 150 140 130 120 1700 Year Wind Speeds for Caribbean 190 180 190 180 170 170 180 170 170 160 150 140 130 120 110 100 200 150 190 170 160 90 80 160 150 140 Tony Gibbs FREng 10
700 Year Wind Speeds for Jamaica Table 3-1 Peak gust wind speeds (mph) in flat open terrain (ASCE 7 Exposure C) as a function of return period for selected locations in the Caribbean Peak gust wind speeds (mph) in flat open terrain as a function of return period for selected locations in the Caribbean Location Trinidad (S) Trinidad (N) Isla Margarita Grenada Curacao Bonaire Aruba Barbados Saint Vincent Saint Lucia Martinique Dominica Guadeloupe Montserrat Belize Antigua and Barbuda St. Kitts and Nevis Saint Martin/Sint Maarten Anguilla US Virgin Islands British Virgin Islands Grand Cayman Little Cayman/Cayman Brac Turks & Caicos (Grand Turk) Turks & Caicos (Providenciales ) Andros Eleuthera New Providence (Nassau) Great Abaco Grand Bahama (Freeport) Lat 10.08 10.80 11.00 12.12 12.17 12.25 12.53 13.08 13.17 14.03 14.60 15.42 16.00 16.75 17.25 17.33 17.33 18.06 18.22 18.35 18.45 19.30 19.72 21.47 21.77 24.29 24.96 25.04 26.45 26.55 Long -61.33-61.33-63.96-61.67-69.00-68.28-70.03-59.50-61.17-60.97-61.03-61.33-61.73-62.19-88.76-61.80-62.75-63.05-63.05-64.93-64.62-81.38-79.82-71.13-72.27-77.68-76.45-77.46-77.30-78.70 Return Period (years) 50 100 700 1700 21 35 87 110 45 71 128 147 43 68 133 152 85 107 154 168 73 97 149 165 77 101 149 156 77 100 146 162 92 112 152 169 93 111 155 171 101 119 155 172 104 121 159 171 106 124 159 172 110 126 157 168 119 132 161 172 98 117 150 161 121 134 160 168 125 138 163 170 127 140 167 175 127 140 165 176 130 143 167 176 128 141 169 180 128 147 187 198 118 136 178 197 105 120 150 162 110 124 155 170 120 132 162 180 122 135 165 180 121 132 163 180 121 133 162 178 120 132 161 175 Tony Gibbs FREng 11
The 700 year and 1700 year Return Periods: 1 50 year return period for the USA continental areas, but for the Caribbean: 2 Use 700 year wind with load factor of 1 for Cat II buildings 3 Use 1700 year wind with load factor of 1 for Cat III and IV buildings Photo: UWO-BLWTL Tony Gibbs FREng 12
Sketch showing effects of topography on wind velocity on a hilly island V g 100 Speed up V s 120 V g 100 V g 100 Vg 100 V s 10 m 80 60 V 40 s Open sea Winward Speed up over Sheltered leeward Coast hill crest coast Winds 17.20 N Probability 1% / year, 100 Year Return Time Antigua 1. St. John s Downtown East side of town 2. Parham Desalinization plant Waterfront by town Hill above town 3. English and Falmouth Harbours Nelson s Dockyard 48 m/s Falmouth SE 41 m/s Falmouth NW 52 m/s 4. Jolly Harbour Channel entrance Inner boat basin Beach front 47 m/s 51 m/s 50 m/s 47 m/s 53 m/s 45 m/s 44 m/s 45 m/s 61.925 W 4 1 2 Ross Wagenseil for PGDM April 2001 61. 65 W Directory Topo. Map 10yr 25yr 50yr 100yr Wind Wave Surge ARC MINUTES KILOMETERS 10 5 5 MILES 5 N 0 0 0 Storm Category knots mph m/s 16.98 N Wind Speeds PGDM May 2001 0 1 2 3 4 5 25 50 75 100 125 25 50 75 100 125 150 50 100 150 200 250 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 Min Max 3 Tony Gibbs FREng 13
AMO = Atlantic multi-decadal oscillations NAtl = North Atlantic Tony Gibbs FREng 14
Percentage Increase in Basic Wind Speed in St Lucia versus Percentage Increase in Annual Rates of Category 4 and 5 Hurricanes 15% Increase in Basic Wind Speed 10% 5% Category II Buildings Category III and IV Buildings 0% 0% 50% 100% 150% 200% 250% 300% 350% Increase in Annual Frequency of Category 4 and 5 Hurricanes Updating the OECS Building Code Global Climate Change Alliance (GCCA) Project on Climate Change Adaptation (CCA) and Sustainable Land Management (SLM) in the Eastern Caribbean Earthquake Hazards Tony Gibbs FREng 15
Tectonic Setting of the Caribbean USGS/NEIC database (1974 Present) Credit: E Calais Structure in the Region of Barbados (Westbrook 1970; drawn by Joan Fergusson) Tony Gibbs FREng 16
Photo: Daniel Comarazamy Photo: Tony Gibbs Tony Gibbs FREng 17
Photo: Tony Gibbs Photo: David Key Tony Gibbs FREng 18
David Key CUBiC (1985): V = ZCIKSW Territory Z Value CUBiC & UBC 85 Z Factor UBC 1988 & SEAOC 1990 Zone Number SEAOC Antigua 0.75 0.3 3 Barbados 0.375 0.15-0.2 2 Belize - (areas within 100km of southern border, ie including San Antonio and Punta Gorda but excluding Middlesex, Pomona and Stann Creek) Belize - (rest of) 0.75 0.50 Dominica 0.75 0.3 3 Grenada 0.50 0.2 2+ Guyana - (Essequibo) Guyana - (rest of) 0.25 0.00 0.3 0.2 3 2+ 0.1 1+ Jamaica 0.75 0.3 3 Montserrat 0.75 0.3 3 St Kitts/Nevis 0.75 0.3 3 St Lucia 0.75 0.3 3 St Vincent 0.50 0.2 2+ Tobago 0.50 0.2 2+ Trinidad - (NW) 0.75 0.3 3 Trinidad - (rest of) 0.50 0.2 2+ Tony Gibbs FREng 19
Area of Responsibility Area Studied PGA 475 year return period Tony Gibbs FREng 20
In CUBiC Part 2 Section 3 TABLE 2.305.1 the Z VALUES shall be Grenada 0.64 St Vincent 0.51 St Lucia 0.56 Montserrat 0.75 Spectral Acceleration 2,475 year Return Period 0.2 sec 1.0 sec Tony Gibbs FREng 21
2 Spectral Accelerations 2475 year 1.8 1.6 1.4 1.2 1 Montserrat Grenada St Lucia St Vincent 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 0 0.2 Series1 Series2 Series3 Series4 Series5 1.0 Series6 Series7 seconds When using ASCE 7-05 Spectral Accelerations (with a 2% probability of exceedance in 50 years) 0.2 sec 1.0 sec Grenada 1.441 0.414 St Vincent 1.113 0.367 St Lucia 1.227 0.393 Montserrat 1.643 0.485 Tony Gibbs FREng 22
Conceptual Design How does it work? Period Elongation Damping Increment Principles of Base Isolation of Structures Updating the OECS Building Code Global Climate Change Alliance (GCCA) Project on Climate Change Adaptation (CCA) and Sustainable Land Management (SLM) in the Eastern Caribbean Torrential Rain and Associated Flooding Tony Gibbs FREng 23
What will happen to the Eastern Caribbean if sea level rises? Global Temperatures Graph Tony Gibbs FREng 24
Floods Sea level rising will also contribute to more floods. The sea level is predicted to go up from four inches to three feet. Sea level rises when the water warms and increases in volume, or when glaciers and ice melt. Tony Gibbs FREng 25
Bahamas IDF curves IDF curves and flood hazard maps Cayman Montserrat St Vincent Trinidad & Tobago Montserrat Botanical Gardens Return Duration (minutes) period 1440 720 360 120 60 30 15 10 5 (years) Rainfall intensity (mm/hour) 2 3.6 5.7 9.1 19.2 30.8 49.2 78.8 103.7 166.0 5 5.6 8.9 14.0 28.8 45.5 71.7 113.1 147.6 232.8 10 7.6 11.8 18.4 37.2 58.1 90.6 141.4 183.4 286.1 15 8.9 13.8 21.4 42.8 66.3 102.8 159.3 205.8 318.9 25 10.9 16.7 25.7 50.9 78.2 120.3 184.9 237.8 365.7 50 14.1 21.5 32.8 63.9 97.4 148.4 226.2 289.5 441.2 Tony Gibbs FREng 26
St Vincent Botanical Gardens Return Duration (minutes) period 1440 720 360 120 60 30 15 10 5 (years) Rainfall intensity (mm/hour) 2 3.5 5.6 9.0 19.0 30.5 48.7 78.0 102.7 164.3 5 4.6 7.3 11.5 23.7 37.4 58.9 92.9 121.3 191.2 10 5.5 8.6 13.3 27.0 42.1 65.7 102.5 132.9 207.4 15 6.0 9.3 14.4 28.9 44.8 69.4 107.5 138.9 215.2 25 6.7 10.3 15.9 31.4 48.3 74.3 114.2 146.9 225.8 50 7.8 11.8 18.0 35.1 53.5 81.5 124.1 158.8 241.8 Tony Gibbs FREng 27
Updating the OECS Building Code Global Climate Change Alliance (GCCA) Project on Climate Change Adaptation (CCA) and Sustainable Land Management (SLM) in the Eastern Caribbean The Safety of Hotel Guests Briton who walked into glass door in a bikini could push up the price of holidays after winning 24,000 payout. Moira Japp, 53, won the claim against Virgin Holidays for the 2008 accident She sued because the door in her room was not made of tempered glass Ruling could mean greater costs for UK holidaymakers Tony Gibbs FREng 28
Tempered Glass Tempered glass offers outstanding safety protection, as it breaks into small, pebblelike pieces. Tempered glass solutions are ideal for any area where high traffic and human contact may pose safety concerns. 57 Laminated Glass Applications: Hurricane Resistance The entire window system, including laminated glass and framing, must pass regional or ASTM International testing, including large missiles (ground level to 30 feet), small missiles (30 feet and up), and cyclical pressure. 58 Tony Gibbs FREng 29
Sec 2410 2415 Florida Building Code http://codes.iccsafe.org/florida.html#2014 Uneven riser dimensions are not safe. Tony Gibbs FREng 30
Lighting Signs Tony Gibbs FREng 31