CODA DIGEST Q2 2016 All-Causes Delay and Cancellations to Air Transport Europe Q2 2016 Edition Number Edition Validity Date : CDA_2016_002 : Use pop-up to enter value. 14/11/2016
DOCUMENT CHARACTERISTICS Document Title Document Subtitle (optional) Edition Number Edition Validity Date CODA DIGEST Q2 2016 CDA_2016_002 Use pop-up to enter value. Abstract Author(s) Contact Person(s) Tel/email Unit C. Walker +32 2 729 3391 NMD/PFR/FNI STATUS AND ACCESSIBILITY Status Accessible via Working Draft Intranet Draft Extranet Proposed Issue Internet (www.eurocontrol.int) Released Issue TLP STATUS Intended for Detail Red Highly sensitive, non-disclosable information Amber Sensitive information with limited disclosure Green Normal business information White Public information 2015 The European Organisation for the Safety of Air Navigation (EUROCONTROL). This document is published by EUROCONTROL for information purposes. It may be copied in whole or in part, provided that EUROCONTROL is mentioned as the source and the extent justified by the noncommercial use (not for sale). The information in this document may not be modified without prior written permission from EUROCONTROL. Edition Validity Date: Use pop-up to enter value. Edition: CDA_2016_002 Status: Released Issue i
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Operational data received directly from airlines by NM CODA describing delays from all causes for Q2 2016 illustrated a story of better on-time performance in April, but with a deterioration of punctuality during May and significant deterioration in June with the average delay per flight at its highest for the last 10 years. This translated to a quarterly average all-cause departure delay of 11.8 minutes per flight, an increase of 1.6 minutes per flight, alongside an increase in daily flights of 2% in ECAC. Airline arrival punctuality decreased, with 80% of flights arriving within 15 minutes or earlier than their scheduled arrival time (STA), compared to 82% in Q2 2015. Delays due to airline operations increased and remained the main cause of primary delay, contributing 3.1 minutes to average delay per flight for the quarter. Airline reported en-route ATFCM delays increased to 1 minute per flight, with ATC industrial action in France during all three months of the quarter contributing to this increase. Airport operations delay including ATFCM, remained at 0.7 minutes per flight and was the third highest cause in the share of primary delay. Istanbul s Sabiha Gökçen airport continued to experience heavy delay with the airport suffering from capacity delays on arrival throughout the quarter. In a contrast to recent months, Istanbul Ataturk saw a decrease in delay and fell from the top 20 delay affected airports, the airport was affected by a terrorist attack on 28 June which saw a peak in delay however the airport suffered from fewer capacity delays than in previous months. The share of reactionary (knock-on) delay increased with 47% of delay minutes (5.5 minutes of the 11.8 average delay per flight) highlighting that for every 1 minute of primary delay there are 52 seconds of reactionary delay generated. Operational cancellations increased to 1.8% of planned flights from 1.3% in Q2 2015. ATC industrial actions occurred in Italy and France, non-atc industrial action by ground personnel in Germany on 27 April resulted in approximately 1,300 flights not operating at several German airports. June saw the most disruption from French ATC industrial action with the 2, 12, 13, 14, 22, 23, 27, 28 June seeing disruption and peaks in operational cancellations. Edition Validity Date: Edition: CDA_2016_002 Status: Released Issue ii
DOCUMENT APPROVAL Edition History The following table records the complete history of the successive editions of the present document. Edition History Edition No. Edition Validity Date Author CDA_2016_002 10/11/2016 C. Walker Final Draft Reason Edition Validity Date: Edition: CDA_2016_002 Status: Released Issue iii
Table of Contents DOCUMENT CHARACTERISTICS... I EXECUTIVE SUMMARY... II DOCUMENT APPROVAL... III EDITION HISTORY... III TABLE OF CONTENTS... IV 1 TRAFFIC AND AVERAGE DELAY PER FLIGHT OVERVIEW... 1 2 Q2 2016 MONTHLY SUMMARY... 3 3 AVERAGE DELAY PER DELAYED FLIGHT (DEPARTURE)... 4 4 AVERAGE DELAY PER DELAYED FLIGHT (ARRIVAL)... 5 5 NM VERSUS AIRCRAFT OPERATOR EXPERIENCE OF DELAY... 6 6 DISTRIBUTION OF ALL FLIGHTS BY LENGTH OF DELAY (PUNCTUALITY)... 7 7 CODA OPERATIONAL FLIGHT CANCELLATION ANALYSIS... 9 8 CODA SCHEDULING INDICATORS... 11 9 CODA REACTIONARY DELAY ANALYSIS... 12 10 AVERAGE DELAY PER FLIGHT BY HOUR... 13 11 AVERAGE DELAY PER DELAYED FLIGHT VS PERCENTAGE OF DELAYED FLIGHTS... 14 12 TOP 20 DELAY AFFECTED DEPARTURE AIRPORTS... 15 13 TOP 20 DELAY AFFECTED ARRIVAL AIRPORTS... 16 14 TOP 20 DELAY AFFECTED CITY PAIRS... 17 15 YEAR ON YEAR TRENDS IN ALL-CAUSES INDICATORS... 18 16 CODA DELAY GROUPINGS... 20 17 CORRELATION BETWEEN IATA DELAY CODES AND THE NM REGULATION CODES... 21 18 STANDARD IATA DELAY CODES... 22 19 STANDARD IATA DELAY CODE SUB-CODES (AHM731)... 24 20 CODA COVERAGE OF COMMERCIAL FLIGHTS IN ECAC REGION Q2 2016... 26 Edition Validity Date: Edition: CDA_2016_002 Status: Released Issue iv
1 Traffic and Average Delay per Flight Overview Figure 1. Total Departures per Day in ECAC In Q2 2016 there were 2.0% more daily flights in ECAC. Traffic increased throughout the quarter with monthly growth of 1.9%, 2.7% and 1.3% respectively during the second quarter of the year. Further information regarding traffic and forecasts can be found on the STATFOR website and via the STATFOR Interactive Dashboard (SID). Figure 2. Delay Causes Q2 2015 vs. Q2 2016 Q2 2016 saw an average departure delay per flight of 11.8 minutes for all-causes delay, an increase of 16% in comparison to Q2 2015. Analysis of the delay reasons shows that reactionary delays contributed the most to the average with 5.5 minutes per flight. Airline-related delays also increased these by 0.1 minutes per flight. ATFCM en-route delay had the third highest contribution with 1 minute per flight following the industrial action in France throughout the quarter. Edition Validity Date: Edition: CDA_2016_002 Status: Released Issue 1
Figure 3. Primary Delay Causes Q2 2015 vs.q2 2016 Total ATFCM delay increased to 1.9 minutes per flight with en-route restrictions mainly contributing to the overall increase, following the ATC industrial actions during the quarter. Figure 4. Long Departure Delays >60 Minutes Longer delays (those greater than 60 mins in orange) increased compared to Q2 2015, the improvement in delay during April was overshadowed by the increase in June where the rate exceeded 6% of flights in a month with significant ATC industrial action related delay. Edition Validity Date: Edition: CDA_2016_002 Status: Released Issue 2
2 Q2 2016 Monthly Summary As indicated in the executive summary all-causes delay illustrated an improvement in delay performance during April, however the delay situation in May and June deteriorated. Section 2 provides a month-by-month view, highlighting the particular causes and locations of allcauses delay in further detail. April 2016. Operational data from airlines describing all-causes delay showed that the average delay per delayed flight (ADD) decreased by 2 minutes to 25 minutes. The percentage of delayed flights (>=5 minutes) was 36%, a decrease by 2 percentage points when compared to the same month in 2015. Following ATC staffing issues ATFM delays were generated in Brussels, Liege and Charleroi airports. Due to London TMA ATC staffing issues at Swanwick, ATFM delays were generated for several days in April against many flights operating through London Stansted, London Luton and London Gatwick airports. ATC industrial actions in Italy and France generated airport and en-route ATFM delay. The industrial action of ground personnel in Germany resulted in approximately 1,300 flights not operating at several German airports. Seasonal weather (fog, strong winds, thunderstorms) impacted operations particularly at London/Heathrow, Istanbul/Sabiha Gökçen, Frankfurt, Zürich and Amsterdam/Schiphol airports. May 2016. Airline data from airlines describing all-causes delay showed that the average delay per delayed flight (ADD) increased by 1 minute to 26 minutes. The percentage of delayed flights (>=5 minutes) was 41%, an increase of 3 percentage points when compared to the same month in 2015. ATC industrial actions in France generated airport ATFM delay and en-route ATFM delay on 19 and 26 May. Seasonal weather (strong winds, thunderstorms) impacted operations particularly at Paris/Orly, London/Heathrow, Istanbul/Ataturk, Frankfurt, Zürich, Barcelona and Amsterdam/Schiphol airports. Aerodrome capacity issues generated ATFM arrival delays at Istanbul/Sabiha Gökçen, Istanbul/Ataturk, Amsterdam/Schiphol, Paris/Orly, Zurich and Barcelona airports. June 2016. Data from airlines describing all-causes delay showed that the average delay per delayed flight (ADD) increased sharply by 6 minutes to 36 minutes, following a month with higher traffic levels, ATC industrial action as well as weather delay affecting both airports and en-route. The percentage of delayed departing flights (>=5 minutes) increased by 8 percentage points to 51% when compared to the same month in 2015. ATC industrial action in France on 12, 13, 14, 23 and 28 June generated airport and en-route ATFM delay during the month. Seasonal weather impacted operations particularly at Istanbul/Sabiha Gökçen, Frankfurt, London/Heathrow, London/Gatwick, Amsterdam/Schiphol and Zurich airports. Aerodrome capacity issues generated delays at Istanbul/Sabiha Gökçen, Istanbul/Ataturk, Barcelona, Zurich, Amsterdam/Schiphol and London/Gatwick airports. Edition Validity Date: Edition: CDA_2016_002 Status: Released Issue 3
3 Average Delay per Delayed Flight (Departure) The percentage of flights delayed on departure (>=5 minutes) increased to 43%. Regarding the average delay per flight in Figure 5, a decrease in April with higher delays in May and June can be observed. Putting these three months together the average delay per delayed (ADD) flight was 27.7 minutes, the highest during Q2 2016 in the last 5 years. Figure 5. Average Delay per Flight (All-Causes) for Departures Figure 6. Average Delay per Delayed Flight (All-Causes) for Departures Figure 7. Percentage of Delayed Flights (All-Causes) for Departures Edition Validity Date: Edition: CDA_2016_002 Status: Released Issue 4
4 Average Delay per Delayed Flight (Arrival) The average delay per delayed flight on arrival from all-causes was 29.4 minutes per flight in Q2 2016 an increase of 2.3 minutes per flight. The percentage of delayed arrivals increased by 2.3 percentage points to 38.9% in comparison to Q2 2015, the highest observed in the last 5 years. Figure 18. Average Delay per Flight (All-Causes) for Arrivals Figure 19. Average Delay per delayed Flight (All-Causes) for Arrivals Figure 20. Percentage of Delayed Flight (All-Causes) for Arrivals Edition Validity Date: Edition: CDA_2016_002 Status: Released Issue 5
5 NM Versus Aircraft Operator Experience of Delay Figure 8. Breakdown of Average Delay per Flight Q2 2016 vs. Q2 2015 (Network Manager vs. Aircraft Operator) This section presents the air transport delay situation as seen from the airline and passenger viewpoint (the difference between the scheduled time of departure and the actual time of departure from the gate). Data coverage is 69% of commercial flights in the ECAC region for Q2 2016. ATFCM delays reported by airlines are lower than the NM-calculated ATFCM delays due to difference in methods: ATFM delays calculated by NM are the (flight) planned delays based on restrictions applied; the airlines report the actual experienced ATFCM delay on departure. For instance, a flight with an ATFM restriction may also have a handling delay absorbed within the ATFM restriction. For the airline, a part of this delay is the ATFM delay and the rest is the handling delay. Further analysis of airline data shows that the average en-route ATFCM delay from allcauses was 1.0 minutes per flight, this was below the NM recorded average en-route ATFM delay of 1.3 minutes per flight for the quarter. As reported by the airlines, primary delays (e.g. passenger and ramp handling delays) counted for 53% (6.3 min/flt) of which (1.0 min/flt) was attributed to en-route ATFCM restrictions, with reactionary delays representing the remaining share of 47% of (5.5 min/flt), resulting in an average departure delay per flight of 11.8 mins as reported in previous sections. Edition Validity Date: Edition: CDA_2016_002 Status: Released Issue 6
6 Distribution of All Flights by Length of Delay (Punctuality) In Q2 2016 departure punctuality levels fell, with 41% of flights departing within the 5 minute threshold before or after the scheduled departure time (STD) when compared to Q2 2015. Flights delayed >30 minutes from all-causes increased by 2.0 percentage points during the quarter. Airline arrival punctuality fell by 2.3 percentage points with 79.5% of flights arriving within 15 minutes or earlier than their scheduled arrival time (STA), compared to 81.8% in Q2 2015. Figure 9. All-Causes Departure and Arrival Punctuality Q2 2015 vs.q2 2016 Flights arriving >15 minutes ahead of schedule remained at 8.5%. This high share may affect airport (stand availability) and air traffic flow management operations (demand shifts) in the event of aircraft frequently arriving excessively ahead of their schedule. Edition Validity Date: Edition: CDA_2016_002 Status: Released Issue 7
Figure 10. Top 50* Airlines by Arrival On-Time Performance Q2 2016 *The top 50 airlines reporting to CODA by number of flights. Arrival punctuality is calculated as the share of flights arriving within 15 minutes of the scheduled time (time of arrival at gate) During the quarter fewer airlines were able to maintain 15 minute arrival punctuality above 85%. A total of 13 airlines saw more than 85% of their flights arrive within 15 minutes of the scheduled time of arrival vs. 25 airlines in Q2 2015. Edition Validity Date: Edition: CDA_2016_002 Status: Released Issue 8
7 CODA Operational Flight Cancellation Analysis These results are based on operational cancellation data supplied by 30 of the 50 European coordinated airports reporting to CODA under EC Regulation N 390/2013. Albeit based on data supplied by a restricted list (see the conditions below) of major European airports, these results already give a good indication of trends and effects of Network events like industrial actions or extreme weather. The IFR flight coverage at the individual airports included in this analysis reaches 100%. Those airports currently unable to report operational cancellations in the required data format or those not meeting all of the criteria for operational cancellations were excluded from the analysis. According to Annex IV of EC Regulation N 390/2013 an Operational Cancellation means an arrival or departure scheduled flight to which the following conditions apply: The flight received an airport slot, and The flight was confirmed by the air carrier the day before operations and/or it was contained in the daily list of flight schedules produced by the airport operator the day before of operations, but The actual landing or take-off never occurred. Therefore this section of the CODA Digest reports on monthly and daily shares of operational cancellations of the total planned flights at day -1. Like delays, operational cancellations provide an insight into the impact of network events and associated disruption; e.g. industrial action or extreme weather events. Figure 11. Monthly Rate of Operational Cancellations 2015 Q2 2016 Edition Validity Date: Edition: CDA_2016_002 Status: Released Issue 9
Figure 12. Average Daily Cancellation 2015 Q2 2016 Figure 11 shows the monthly rate of operational cancellations and Figure 12 provides the detail of cancellations by day from April 2015 to the end of June 2016. It should be noted that initial cancellations count as operational cancellations under the terms of the regulation. In Q2 2016 an operational cancellation rate of 1.8% was observed (see figure 11), compared to 1.3% in Q2 2015. ATC industrial actions occurred in Italy and France on 9 and 27, 28, 29 April respectively. Industrial action by ground personnel in Germany on 27 April resulted in approximately 1,300 flights not operating at several German airports. In May there was further ATC industrial action in France generated airport ATFM delay and high en-route ATFM delay on the 19 and 26 May. June saw the most disruption from French ATC industrial action with the 02, 12, 13, 14, 22, 23, 27, 28 June seeing peaks in operational cancellations. There was ATC industrial action in Italy on 16 & 17 June. Industrial action by pilots of Air France and SAS between the 11 & 14 June and 10 & 14 June respectively. Further historical details regarding operational cancellations in 2015 and 2016 can be found in the CODA Annual Digest 2015. Edition Validity Date: Edition: CDA_2016_002 Status: Released Issue 10
8 CODA Scheduling Indicators Scheduling correctly is a difficult art: if too long a time is blocked for a flight, the airline will not be able to make best use of resources - staff, airframes, infrastructure. But too short a time can arguably be worse as late flights generate rotational delay with late incoming aircraft and passengers from previous flights having to be accommodated. When flights leave on time but arrive after the scheduled time of arrival they cause reactionary delays. Schedule padding is essential for air carriers in order to find schedules which work with the typical patterns of delay, so that they can deliver passengers on time, and get maximum use out of their aircraft. Consequently when delays decrease it takes one or two (IATA) seasons for the airline to adapt its schedule accordingly. The Performance Review Report 2015 also shows the cost of tactical and strategic delay to airlines. Two CODA scheduling indicators help airline schedulers determine the optimal schedule based on historical flight data: The Delay Difference Indicator - Flight (DDI-F) or the difference between departure and arrival punctuality expressed in minutes. This can be indicated as a positive or negative figure, for example a flight departing with 20 minutes delay and arriving with 30 minutes arrival delay will have a DDI-F of +10 minutes. The European DDI-F in Q2 2016 was -3.6 minutes, this was an increase of 0.3 minutes schedule buffering per flight when compared to Q2 2015. The Block Time Overshoot (BTO) is the percentage of flights with an actual block time which exceeds the scheduled block time. The European BTO in Q2 2016 was 28%, this was an improvement compared to Q2 2015 where the BTO was 30%, indicating that fewer flights had an actual block time exceeding their scheduled block time during the quarter. Figure 13. Block Time Overshoot (BTO) and Delay Difference Indicator - Flight (DDI-F) 2015 Q2 2016 Edition Validity Date: Edition: CDA_2016_002 Status: Released Issue 11
9 CODA Reactionary Delay Analysis In Q2 2016 the share of reactionary delay (IATA delay codes 91-96) was 47% of delay minutes contributing 5.5 minutes per flight. Reactionary delays are generated as a result of an aircraft s late arrival from a previous flight which in turn affects the punctuality of its next flight with the same aircraft, as well as potentially delaying connecting passengers. See IATA Standard Delay Codes section for an overview of the IATA reactionary delay codes. Subsequently there are two types of reactionary delays: firstly as a result of the same aircraft being delayed on its next flight (rotational delay) and secondly when another aircraft is delayed as a result of another aircraft typically through passengers, crew and load connection (non-rotational delays). This section concentrates on IATA delay code 93 rotational delays, as these have a significant share of overall reactionary delays (approximately 90%) and the largest effect on network performance and passenger experience. In Figure 14 analysis shows that the median number of scheduled flights per sequence for an aircraft in Q2 2016 was 4. The changes to the IATA seasons can be observed in the graph where the median fell to 3 in November then falling to 2 in February, as fewer flights may be scheduled during this period. This also highlights that with the shorter sequences of reactionary delay in winter as the network is naturally more resilient in the winter season. The percentage share of rotational delay (IATA delay code 93 only) in Q2 2016 was 42%, an increase of 2 percentage points in comparison to Q2 2015. Figure 14. Median Scheduled Flight Sequence Depth and Share of Reactionary Departure Delay on Intra European Flights: April 2015 June 2016. Edition Validity Date: Edition: CDA_2016_002 Status: Released Issue 12
10 Average Delay per Flight by Hour Figure 15. Breakdown of the Average Delay per Flight by Hour of the Day Q2 2016 (top) vs. Q2 2015 (bottom) During the first rotation phase (between 0300 and 0900 UTC) Figure 15 shows a notable higher share of en-route ATFM related delay in the morning when compared to Q2 2015 with its share at or just under 10% during the first rotation phase at 0600 UTC. This in turn has pushed reactionary delay minutes to over 60% share by the end of the operational day (2100UTC). Figure 15 also illustrates how airline delay share decreased slightly during the quarter, with en-route and weather affecting operations. Edition Validity Date: Edition: CDA_2016_002 Status: Released Issue 13
11 Average Delay per Delayed Flight vs Percentage of Delayed Flights Figure 16. ADD vs. PDF on Departure The average delay per delayed (ADD) flight was 27.7 minutes per flight, this was an increase when compared to Q2 2015 where the ADD was 25.6 minutes. 42.9% of flights were delayed on departure (>=5 minutes) this was also an increase in comparison to that observed in Q2 2015. The poor delay performance seen in June 2016 can be observed in both figure 16 and 17. Figure 17. ADD vs. PDF on Arrival Regarding arrivals, the average delay per delayed arrival in Q2 2016 was 29.4 minutes (compared to 27.1 minutes per flight in Q2 2015). The percentage of delayed flights on arrival increased to 38.9% compared to 36.6% in Q2 2015. Edition Validity Date: Edition: CDA_2016_002 Status: Released Issue 14
12 Top 20 Delay Affected Departure Airports Figure 21. All-Causes Delay. Top 20 Affected Departure Airports Q2 2016 Rank Departure Airport ICAO Code Average delay per departure (mins) Average Delay per Flight Percentage Change Average Delay per Delayed Departure Percentage of Delayed Departures 1 LONDON/LUTON EGGW 20.8 46% 34.1 61.0% 2 LONDON/GATWICK EGKK 20.2 24% 33.7 60.1% 3 MALAGA LEMG 18.3 53% 33.7 54.3% 4 ALICANTE LEAL 18.1 75% 34.3 52.8% 5 BARCELONA LEBL 17.7 58% 33.4 53.0% 6 BRUSSELS NATIONAL EBBR 17.0 27% 28.5 59.6% 7 PALMA DE MALLORCA LEPA 16.7 59% 32.2 51.7% 8 LONDON/CITY EGLC 16.3. 27.8 58.7% 9 COLOGNE EDDK 15.9 57% 32.8 48.5% 10 VENICE TESSERA LIPZ 15.1 14% 33.3 45.3% 11 PARIS CH DE GAULLE LFPG 14.6 31% 26.8 54.6% 12 ROME FIUMICINO LIRF 14.5-33% 24.5 59.2% 13 DUSSELDORF EDDL 14.3 41% 29.1 49.2% 14 MANCHESTER EGCC 14.1 13% 28.5 49.3% 15 LONDON/STANSTED EGSS 14.0 58% 25.6 54.8% 16 EDINBURGH EGPH 13.9 42% 31.3 44.5% 17 TEL AVIV/BEN GURION LLBG 13.9. 31.0 45.0% 18 LONDON/HEATHROW EGLL 13.5 15% 27.6 48.8% 19 NICE LFMN 13.4 20% 29.4 45.5% 20 MILAN MALPENSA LIMC 13.2 11% 33.2 39.8% London Luton saw an average delay per departure of 20.8 minutes with high shares of en-route ATFM related delays being observed following the French industrial action. London Gatwick also suffered from airline and en-route ATFM delay affecting airlines. Airlines operating from Spanish airports also recorded reactionary delays predominantly from flights being affected by the industrial action running behind schedule from earlier fights, they also experienced delays caused by airlines operating with aircraft shortages. Figure 22. Main delay causes at the top 10 affected departure airports Edition Validity Date: Edition: CDA_2016_002 Status: Released Issue 15
13 Top 20 Delay Affected Arrival Airports Figure 23. All-Causes Delay. Top 20 Affected Arrival Airports Q2 2016 Rank Arrival Airport ICAO Code Average delay per Flight (mins) Average Delay per Flight Percentage Change Average Delay per Delayed Arrival Percentage of Delayed Arrivals 1 ISTANBUL/SABIHA LTFJ 23.5 18% 34.5 68.1% 2 LONDON/GATWICK EGKK 21.0 27% 41.2 51.0% 3 TEL AVIV/BEN GURION LLBG 19.8 58% 32.0 62.1% 4 BARCELONA LEBL 19.3 55% 37.5 51.4% 5 LONDON/LUTON EGGW 18.0 45% 37.4 48.2% 6 MALAGA LEMG 15.4 59% 32.4 47.6% 7 ALICANTE LEAL 15.2 69% 34.0 44.7% 8 LONDON/HEATHROW EGLL 14.3 7% 32.7 43.8% 9 COLOGNE EDDK 14.3 43% 37.4 38.3% 10 LONDON/STANSTED EGSS 14.2 61% 36.9 38.6% 11 BRUSSELS NATIONAL EBBR 13.9 5% 30.3 45.9% 12 MANCHESTER EGCC 13.7 22% 33.1 41.5% 13 DUBLIN EIDW 13.5 9% 30.8 43.8% 14 PALMA DE MALLORCA LEPA 13.5 64% 31.9 42.3% 15 EDINBURGH EGPH 13.5 43% 31.8 42.3% 16 PORTO LPPR 13.4 12% 28.7 46.8% 17 VENICE TESSERA LIPZ 13.4 21% 33.2 40.3% 18 DUSSELDORF EDDL 13.0 35% 30.3 42.9% 19 GLASGOW EGPF 12.9 28% 32.2 40.1% 20 LONDON/CITY EGLC 12.8 100% 26.4 48.7% The delay situation in Istanbul can be seen in Figure 23, with Istanbul Sabiha Gökçen airport experiencing airport capacity and high reactionary delays. In a contrast to recent months, Istanbul Ataturk saw a decrease in delay and fell from the top 20. Arrivals at London Gatwick mainly suffered from reactionary delays from the ATC industrial action in France. Flight arriving in Tel Aviv were affected by airport capacity related delay. Figure 24. Main delay causes at the top 10 affected arrival airports Edition Validity Date: Edition: CDA_2016_002 Status: Released Issue 16
14 Top 20 Delay Affected City Pairs Figure 25. All-Causes Delay Situation for the 20 Most Delayed Airport Pairs Q2 2016 Rank Departure Airport Arrival Airport Average Delay Per Departure Change since Previous Period Average Delay Per Delayed Departure Percentage Delayed Departures 1 MALAGA LONDON/GATWICK 29.5 52% 43.8 67.3% 2 IBIZA BARCELONA 28.9 138% 48.6 59.5% 3 BARCELONA LONDON/GATWICK 27.4 41% 43.6 62.8% 4 PARIS ORLY BARCELONA 26.7 77% 41.4 64.5% 5 LONDON/GATWICK BARCELONA 26.3 23% 41.4 63.6% 6 7 SCHIPHOL AMSTERDAM PALMA DE MALLORCA LONDON/GATWICK 24.3 17% 37.7 64.4% DUESSELDORF 24.2 50% 33.1 72.9% 8 BRUSSELS NATIONAL BARCELONA 24.0 59% 37.7 63.8% 9 PARIS CH DE GAULLE BARCELONA 23.2 114% 34.1 67.9% 10 BARCELONA IBIZA 21.9 123% 37.6 58.2% 11 BARCELONA BRUSSELS NATIONAL 21.4 62% 36.3 58.9% 12 13 SCHIPHOL AMSTERDAM PALMA DE MALLORCA BARCELONA 21.2 52% 32.9 64.5% BARCELONA 21.1 170% 42.1 50.1% 14 BARCELONA SCHIPHOL AMSTERDAM 21.0 53% 31.1 67.4% 15 NEW YORK LONDON/HEATHROW 20.9 93% 44.7 46.8% 16 BARCELONA PALMA DE MALLORCA 20.9 151% 37.8 55.2% 17 LONDON/GATWICK MALAGA 19.9 29% 31.6 63.1% 18 PARIS CH DE GAULLE MADRID BARAJAS 19.9 59% 31.4 63.4% 19 LONDON/GATWICK SCHIPHOL AMSTERDAM 19.5 9% 34.0 57.5% 20 DUSSELDORF PALMA DE MALLORCA 19.5 65% 31.9 61.3% Analysis of the Top 20 delayed city pairs show that flights between London Gatwick and Barcelona saw increases in delay following the ATC industrial action in France, as well as individual airlines suffering from delays. Edition Validity Date: Edition: CDA_2016_002 Status: Released Issue 17
15 Year on Year Trends in All-Causes Indicators This section summarises the year-on-year trends in the main indicators of delay from allcauses. A flight is considered delayed from 5 minutes. This is based on CODA data covering 69% of commercial flights in the ECAC region in Q2 2016. Figure 26 Average all-causes delay/delayed flight (departures top, arrivals bottom) Figure 27. Percentage of flights delayed for all-causes delay (departures top, arrivals bottom) Edition Validity Date: Edition: CDA_2016_002 Status: Released Issue 18
Figure 28. Percentage of flights delayed >15mins for all-causes (departures top, arrivals bottom) Edition Validity Date: Edition: CDA_2016_002 Status: Released Issue 19
Primary Delay Causes 16 CODA Delay Groupings CODA CAUSE Description IATA Code Passenger and Baggage 11-19 Cargo and Mail 21-29 Aircraft and Ramp Handling 31-39 Airline Technical and Aircraft Equipment 41-48 Damage to Aircraft & EDP/Automated Equipment Failure 51-58 Flight Operations and Crewing 61-69 Other Airline Related Causes Others ATFM due to Restriction at Destination Airport 83 Airport Airport Facilities 87 Restrictions at Airport of Destination 88 Restrictions at Airport of Departure 89 En-Route ATFM due to ATC En-Route Demand / Capacity 81 ATFM due to ATC Staff / Equipment En-Route 82 Governmental Security and Immigration 85-86 Weather Weather (other than ATFM) 71-77 ATFM due to Weather at Destination 84 Miscellaneous Miscellaneous 98-99 Reactionary Late Arrival of Aircraft, Crew, Passengers or Load 91-96 Edition Validity Date: Edition: CDA_2016_002 Status: Released Issue 20
17 Correlation between IATA Delay Codes and the NM Regulation Codes Note: updated version published in the ATFCM Users Manual 20.1.1 1 1 http://www.eurocontrol.int/sites/default/files/content/documents/nm/network-operations/handbook/atfcm-usersmanual-current.pdf Edition Validity Date: Edition: CDA_2016_002 Status: Released Issue 21
18 Standard IATA Delay Codes Others 00-05 AIRLINE INTERNAL CODES 06 (OA) NO GATE/STAND AVAILABILITY DUE TO OWN AIRLINE ACTIVITY 09 (SG) SCHEDULED GROUND TIME LESS THAN DECLARED MINIMUM GROUND TIME Passenger and Baggage 11 (PD) LATE CHECK-IN, acceptance after deadline 12 (PL) LATE CHECK-IN, congestions in check-in area 13 (PE) CHECK-IN ERROR, passenger and baggage 14 (PO) OVERSALES, booking errors 15 (PH) BOARDING, discrepancies and paging, missing checked-in passenger 16 (PS) COMMERCIAL PUBLICITY/PASSENGER CONVENIENCE, VIP, press, ground meals and missing personal items 17 (PC) CATERING ORDER, late or incorrect order given to supplier 18 (PB) BAGGAGE PROCESSING, sorting etc. 19 (PW) REDUCED MOBILITY, boarding / deboarding of passengers with reduced mobility. Cargo and Mail 21 (CD) DOCUMENTATION, errors etc. 22 (CP) LATE POSITIONING 23 (CC) LATE ACCEPTANCE 24 (CI) INADEQUATE PACKING 25 (CO) OVERSALES, booking errors 26 (CU) LATE PREPARATION IN WAREHOUSE 27 (CE) DOCUMENTATION, PACKING etc (Mail Only) 28 (CL) LATE POSITIONING (Mail Only) 29 (CA) LATE ACCEPTANCE (Mail Only) Aircraft and Ramp Handling 31 (GD) AIRCRAFT DOCUMENTATION LATE/INACCURATE, weight and balance, general declaration, pax manifest, etc. 32 (GL) LOADING/UNLOADING, bulky, special load, cabin load, lack of loading staff 33 (GE) LOADING EQUIPMENT, lack of or breakdown, e.g. container pallet loader, lack of staff 34 (GS) SERVICING EQUIPMENT, lack of or breakdown, lack of staff, e.g. steps 35 (GC) AIRCRAFT CLEANING 36 (GF) FUELLING/DEFUELLING, fuel supplier 37 (GB) CATERING, late delivery or loading 38 (GU) ULD, lack of or serviceability 39 (GT) TECHNICAL EQUIPMENT, lack of or breakdown, lack of staff, e.g. pushback Technical and Aircraft Equipment 41 (TD) AIRCRAFT DEFECTS. 42 (TM) SCHEDULED MAINTENANCE, late release. 43 (TN) NON-SCHEDULED MAINTENANCE, special checks and/or additional works beyond normal maintenance schedule. 44 (TS) SPARES AND MAINTENANCE EQUIPMENT, lack of or breakdown. 45 (TA) AOG SPARES, to be carried to another station. 46 (TC) AIRCRAFT CHANGE, for technical reasons. 47 (TL) STAND-BY AIRCRAFT, lack of planned stand-by aircraft for technical reasons. 48 (TV) SCHEDULED CABIN CONFIGURATION/VERSION ADJUSTMENTS. Damage to Aircraft & EDP/Automated Equipment Failure 51 (DF) DAMAGE DURING FLIGHT OPERATIONS, bird or lightning strike, turbulence, heavy or overweight landing, collision during taxiing 52 (DG) DAMAGE DURING GROUND OPERATIONS, collisions (other than during taxiing), loading/offloading damage, contamination, towing, extreme weather conditions 55 (ED) DEPARTURE CONTROL 56 (EC) CARGO PREPARATION/DOCUMENTATION 57 (EF) FLIGHT PLANS 58 (EO) OTHER AUTOMATED SYSTEM Flight Operations and Crewing 61 (FP) FLIGHT PLAN, late completion or change of, flight documentation 62 (FF) OPERATIONAL REQUIREMENTS, fuel, load alteration 63 (FT) LATE CREW BOARDING OR DEPARTURE PROCEDURES, other than connection and standby (flight deck or entire crew) 64 (FS) FLIGHT DECK CREW SHORTAGE, sickness, awaiting standby, flight time limitations, crew meals, valid visa, health documents, etc. 65 (FR) FLIGHT DECK CREW SPECIAL REQUEST, not within operational requirements Edition Validity Date: Edition: CDA_2016_002 Status: Released Issue 22
66 (FL) LATE CABIN CREW BOARDING OR DEPARTURE PROCEDURES, other than connection and standby 67 (FC) CABIN CREW SHORTAGE, sickness, awaiting standby, flight time limitations, crew meals, valid visa, health documents, etc. 68 (FA) CABIN CREW ERROR OR SPECIAL REQUEST, not within operational requirements 69 (FB) CAPTAIN REQUEST FOR SECURITY CHECK, extraordinary Weather 71 (WO) DEPARTURE STATION 72 (WT) DESTINATION STATION 73 (WR) EN ROUTE OR ALTERNATE 75 (WI) DE-ICING OF AIRCRAFT, removal of ice and/or snow, frost prevention excluding unserviceability of equipment 76 (WS) REMOVAL OF SNOW, ICE, WATER AND SAND FROM AIRPORT 77 (WG) GROUND HANDLING IMPAIRED BY ADVERSE WEATHER CONDITIONS Air Traffic Flow Management Restrictions 81 (AT) ATFM due to ATC EN-ROUTE DEMAND/CAPACITY, standard demand/capacity problems 82 (AX) ATFM due to ATC STAFF/EQUIPMENT EN-ROUTE, reduced capacity caused by industrial action or staff shortage, equipment failure, military exercise or extraordinary demand due to capacity reduction in neighbouring area 83 (AE) ATFM due to RESTRICTION AT DESTINATION AIRPORT, airport and/or runway closed due to obstruction, industrial action, staff shortage, political unrest, noise abatement, night curfew, special flights 84 (AW) ATFM due to WEATHER AT DESTINATION Airport and Government Authorities 85 (AS) MANDATORY SECURITY 86 (AG) IMMIGRATION, CUSTOMS, HEALTH 87 (AF) AIRPORT FACILITIES, parking stands, ramp congestion, lighting, buildings, gate limitations, etc. 88 (AD) RESTRICTIONS AT AIRPORT OF DESTINATION, airport and/or runway closed due to obstruction, industrial action, staff shortage, political unrest, noise abatement, night curfew, special flights 89 (AM) RESTRICTIONS AT AIRPORT OF DEPARTURE WITH OR WITHOUT ATFM RESTRICTIONS, including Air Traffic Services, start-up and pushback, airport and/or runway closed due to obstruction or weather 2, industrial action, staff shortage, political unrest, noise abatement, night curfew, special flights Reactionary 91 (RL) LOAD CONNECTION, awaiting load from another flight 92 (RT) THROUGH CHECK-IN ERROR, passenger and baggage 93 (RA) AIRCRAFT ROTATION, late arrival of aircraft from another flight or previous sector 94 (RS) CABIN CREW ROTATION, awaiting cabin crew from another flight 95 (RC) CREW ROTATION, awaiting crew from another flight (flight deck or entire crew) 96 (RO) OPERATIONS CONTROL, re-routing, diversion, consolidation, aircraft change for reasons other than technical Miscellaneous 97 (MI) INDUSTRIAL ACTION WITH OWN AIRLINE 98 (MO) INDUSTRIAL ACTION OUTSIDE OWN AIRLINE, excluding ATS 99 (MX) OTHER REASON, not matching any code above SOURCE: IATA Airport Handling Manual (730 & 731) 2 Restriction due to weather in case of ATFM regulation only, else refer to code 71 (WO) Edition Validity Date: Edition: CDA_2016_002 Status: Released Issue 23
19 Standard IATA Delay Code Sub-Codes (AHM731) 73 (WR) WEATHER: EN ROUTE OR ALTERNATE Z OUTSIDE AIRCRAFT LIMITS Y OUTSIDE CREW LIMITS X ETOPS 81 (AT) ATFM DUE TO ATC EN-ROUTE DEMAND/CAPACITY, standard demand/capacity problems Z ATC ROUTEING Y HIGH DEMAND OR CAPACITY X ENVIRONMENTAL W WEATHER G OTHER 82 (AX) ATFM DUE TO ATC STAFF/EQUIPMENT EN-ROUTE, reduced capacity caused by industrial action or shortage or equipment failure, extraordinary demand due to capacity reduction in neighbouring area Z INDUSTRIAL ACTION Y EQUIPMENT FAILURE X STAFF SHORTAGE W MILITARY ACTIVITY V SPECIAL EVENT 83 (AE) ATFM DUE TO RESTRICTION AT DESTINATION AIRPORT, airport and/or runway closed due to obstruction, industrial action, staff shortage, political unrest, noise abatement, night curfew, special flights Z HIGH DEMAND / ATC CAPACITY Y INDUSTRIAL ACTION X EQUIPMENT FAILURE W STAFF SHORTAGE V ACCIDENT / INCIDENT U MILITARY ACTIVITY T SPECIAL EVENT S NOISE ABATEMENT/NIGHT CURFEW P HIGH DEMAND/AIRPORT FACILTIES 85 (AS) MANDATORY SECURITY Z MANDATORY SECURITY CHECK Y SECURITY CONTROL CHECKPOINTS X BAGGAGE/AVI SECURITY W BAGGAGE IDENTIFICATION/UNLOADING/INTENDED V AIRPORT/TERMINAL SECURITY U AIRLINE/AIRCRAFT SECURITY CHECK T EXTRAORDINARY SECURITY EVENTS G OTHER 86 (AG) IMMIGRATION, CUSTOMS, HEALTH Z IMMIGRATION/EMMIGRATION Y CUSTOMS X HEALTH G OTHER 87 (AF) AIRPORT FACILITIES, parking stands, ramp congestion, lighting, buildings, gate limitations, etc. Z PARKING STANDS LIMITATION/NO PARKING STANDS AVAILABLE, EXCLUDING EARLY ARRIVALS Y RAMP CONGESTION, ABNORMAL STAND ACCESS LIMITATION (NON-ATC) X BUILDINGS W GATE LIMITATION / NO GATE AVAILABLE EXCLUDING EARLY ARRIVALS V BAGGAGE SORTING SYSTEM DOWN / SLOW U NO PUSH BACK CLEARANCE DUE TO INFRASTRUCTURE (NON-ATC) T JET BRIDGE INOPERATIVE S LACK OF CHECK IN COUNTERS R AIRFIELD ELECTRICAL SYSTEM FAILURE P PASSENGER TRANSPORT SYSTEM FAILURE N PUBLIC ADDRESS/FLIGHT INFORMATION DISPLAY SYSTEM FAILURE M INSUFFICIENT FIRE COVER J LATE POSITIONING OF AIRCRAFT (WHEN RESPONSIBILITY OF AIRPORT) I SERVICE ROAD RESTRICTION H LATE ARRIVAL OR LACK OF FOLLOW ME VEHICLE G ANY OF THE ABOVE AT THE DESTINATION AIRPORT Edition Validity Date: Edition: CDA_2016_002 Status: Released Issue 24
89 (AM) RESTRICTIONS AT AIRPORT OF DEPARTURE WITH OR WITHOUT ATFM RESTRICTIONS, including Air Traffic Services, start-up and pushback, airport and/or runway closed due to obstruction or weather. Z ATC CAPACITY Y ATC INDUSTRIAL ACTION X ATC STAFFING W ATC EQUIPMENT V ATC ACCIDENT/INCIDENT U MILITARY ACTIVITY/SPECIAL FLIGHTS/VIP T ATC SPECIAL EVENT S ATC WEATHER O ENVIRONMENTAL BENEFIT, DELAYED START-UP/PUSHBACK DUE TO USE OF REDUCED STANDARD TAXI TIMES R ATC RESTRICTIONS DUE TO CURFEW P ATC POLITICAL UNREST N ATC ENVIRONMENTAL M AIRPORT CLOSURE L RUNWAY CLOSURE K MISCELLANEOUS START-UP DELAY (LOCAL ATC) J LOST FLIGHT PLAN BY ATC I LATE PUSHBACK GIVEN DUE TO OTHER REASONS THAN INFRASTRUCTURE H CONSTRUCTION WORK/MAINTENENCE G OTHER 93 (RA) AIRCRAFT ROTATION, late arrival of aircraft from another flight Z LATE ARRIVAL DUE DEPARTURE DELAY AT PREVIOUS STATION Y LATE ARRIVAL DUE ENROUTE DELAY X LATE ARRIVAL DUE DELAY AFTER LANDING W LATE ARRIVAL DUE TO HIGH DEMAND FOR DESTINATION STATION V LATE ARRIVAL DUE TO WEATHER AT DESTINATION U LATE ARRIVAL DUE TO TECHNICAL REASONS Edition Validity Date: Edition: CDA_2016_002 Status: Released Issue 25
Canary Islands 20 CODA Coverage of Commercial Flights in ECAC Region Q2 2016 Edition Validity Date: Edition: CDA_2016_002 Status: Released Issue 26
DOCUMENT FINAL PAGE Edition Validity Date: Edition: CDA_2016_002 Status: Released Issue 27