Implementation in France of the Nagoya Protocol on Access and Benefit-Sharing (ABS) EU expert group on ABS Brussels, June 30 th, 2016 Crédit photo : Arnaud Bouissou/MEDDE Ministère de l Environnement, de l Energie et de la Mer www.developpement-durable.gouv.fr
1 - Why is the Nagoya Protocol important to France? 2
A mega-diverse country The Dune du Pilat Laurent Mignaux MEDDE/METL The Marais Poitevin Thierry Degen MEDDE/METL The Calanques 3 Creative Commons
A mega-diverse country (2) St Pierre et Miquelon Martinique Daniel Joseph-Reinette MEDDE/METL Jean-Marc Neuville MEDDE/METL Polynésie Polynésie Olivier Chatté MEDDE/METL Olivier Chatté MEDDE/METL Polynésie Olivier Chatté MEDDE/METL Nouvelle Calédonie Laurent Mignaux MEDDE/METL La Réunion 4 Jean-Pierre Mareschal MEDDE/METL
France is both a provider and a user country GR user GR provider Industries Cosmetic (2 nd in the world) Agro-food (1st industry in France) Pharmaceutical Research Academic & commercial In situ Mainland : > 50 % of the «habitats of community interest» in the EU Overseas : 4/5 of the French biodiversity (Amazonian forest, islands in 3 different oceans, endemic species, 10 % of the world s coral reefs) Ex situ Collections of genetic resources of wild species and domesticated species (70 millions specimens in the MNHN) Collections of pathogens (15000 strains of microorganisms in the Institut Pasteur) 5
Existing regional access measures 1. French Guiana Amazonian National Park (loi n 2011/884) 2. Polynesian Code of Environment (loi du pays n 2012-5) 3. New Caledonian Code of Environment (délibération 06-2009 in the Southern province) 6
2 Implementation in France of the EU Regulation 511/2014 7
Implementation in France of art. 7 of Reg. Monitoring user compliance (checkpoints) The administrative document granting public funds to a research on GR & TK shall include a pay-back clause in case of non-compliance with the due diligence obligations under the Reg. by the beneficiary of the public funds / user. Checkpoint: National Patents Office (INPI) no impact on patenting procedures 8
Implementation in France of art. 9 of Reg. (EU) Checks on user compliance By the environmental police; By authorities nominated by the ministries of Industry, Research, Health, Agriculture and Defense, as appropriate; By authorities nominated by the regional natural parks, and local governments. 9
Implementation in France of art. 11 of Reg. «The penalties provided for shall be effective, proportionate and dissuasive» Prevention and early detection of non-compliance : Information of stakeholders Checkpoints Official checks Sanctions if non-compliance is detected Formal notice to give the user a deadline to comply Administrative sanctions (withdrawal of the permit) Penal sanctions proportionate to the infraction (< 1 year imprisonment and a fine < 150 000 ) If necessary : additional dissuasive sanctions can be imposed by the judge (< 1 million in case of a commercial use, and an access ban to French GR and TK during < 5 years for commercial use). 10
3 - Towards a national legislation on ABS and ratification of the Nagoya Protocol 11
Principles of the French access measures a balanced approach between users and providers ; a large scope to avoid grey areas for users, with specific procedures for : GR from cultivated and wild relatives plants, domesticated animals, domesticated and cultivated microorganisms, cultivated trees, pathogens collected by laboratories (animal health, plant health & food safety) to be regulated by the Ministry of Agriculture ; GR from pathogens collected by laboratories (human health) to be regulated by the Ministry of Health ; minimize the administrative burden & maximize legal security: declaration procedure for non-commercial research on GR from wild species; authorization request only :» for commercial research on GR from wild species» for any research TKaGR on wild species. a fair and equitable benefit-sharing (incl. with SMEs) that recognizes existing good practices of users («non-monetary» benefit sharing). 12
The legislative procedure Steps that are already validated 2012 : parliamentary report on biopiracy 2012-2013 : drafting of the Bill on biodiversity (including a chapter on ABS) and its impact assessment March 2014 : Bill officially presented by the Government to the Parliament 2014-2016 : 1 st and 2 nd reading by the Assemblée Nationale and the Sénat Next steps in 2016 By Mid-July: 3 rd reading By End of July: final reading by the Assemblée Nationale (adoption of the law) Ratification of the Nagoya Protocol 13
Thank you for your attention! For more information, please contact : apa@developpement-durable.gouv.frt : Ministère de l'écologie, du Développement durable et de l Énergie www.developpement-durable.gouv.fr