RETHINKING THE WAY WE TRAIN OUR PILOTS

RETHINKING THE WAY WE TRAIN OUR PILOTS

Rethinking the Way We Train Our Pilots Yann Renier Head, Training and Qualification, Flight Operations IATA

Presentations ä Stephane Clement, Director Regulatory Affairs, Aviation Safety and Quality Assurance, Civil Training, CAE ä Andy Mitchell, CEO Use Before Flight ä Christian Norden, Director A350 XWB Flight Operations & Training Support, Airbus

Feedback From ä Patrick Magisson, Executive Vice President, Safety and Technical Affairs, IFALPA ä Miguel Marin, Chief, Operational Safety, ICAO ä Mike McCasky, Managing Director, Flight Training, United Airlines ä Stephan Thilo-Schmidt, Head of Recruiting and Training Standards, Deputy Postholder, Lufthansa

ATO Vision Stéphane Clément Director Regulatory Affairs, Aviation Safety and Quality Assurance, Civil Training, CAE

Using data & technology to enhance pilot training Stéphane Clément Director of Regulatory Affairs Global Civil Aviation Training Solutions CAE IATA Safety and Flight Operations Conference Montréal, Canada April 17 th, 2018 Your worldwide training partner of choice

SMART USE OF GENERAL DATA HAS HELPED AIRLINE EFFICIENCIES Have we used data as smartly to improve pilot training?

SMART USE OF FLIGHT OPERATIONS DATA HAS HELPED SAFETY Flight Data Analysis / Monitoring Flight Operations Quality Assurance FDA / FDM FOQA Outer-loop data: Data from Operational Challenges LOSA Line-Oriented Safety Audits collected outside of training activity (ref. ICAO doc. 9995) typically from Flight Operations & Safety Management System Shared Data SMS Data Safety Management System

STRONG DEMAND FORECAST FOR AIRLINE PILOTS OVER 10 YEARS 255K new pilots needed by 2027 Additional pilots 150K Active Pilots in 2027 440K Over next 10 years, airlines will need: 255,000 new First Officers 180,000 new Captains Active Pilots in 2017 290K Replacement Pilots 105K 2017 2027 Potential threat à therefore it is time to use training as a mitigation measure. Source: CAE Airline Pilot Demand Outlook

SMART USE OF TRAINING DATA CAN IMPROVE PILOT TRAINING Inner-loop data: Success rates differences between aircraft types and training topics collected during training activity (ref. ICAO doc. 9995); can be used as part of EBT data streams (ref. ICAO doc. 9995) Instructor benchmarking Trainee feedback Skill / Competency retention capability Traditional Training flight training data data Inner-loop data generates insights we can use to improve training

PILOT COMPETENCIES: THE CONNECTION BETWEEN THE OUTER & INNER LOOPS FDA/ FOQA Success rates differences between aircraft types and training topics Operational Challenges LOSA ICAO Instructor benchmarking Traditional training flight training data data Pilot Competencies Shared Data SMS Data Trainee feedback Skill / Competency retention capability OUTER LOOP INNER LOOP

AN INTEGRATED APPLICATION OF DATA, ANALYTICS AND TECHNOLOGY ENHANCES PILOT TRAINING

EXAMPLE OF A PILOT TRAINING SYSTEM USING DATA & TECHNOLOGY 1 2 Create electronic lesson plans Integrate Operator specific SOPs 3 4 5 Objectively assess pilot manoeuvres with live data Training manoeuvre scorecard (facts) Training assessment sign-off Identify competency gaps & adjust the training curriculum 14 Instructor grading after suggested objective assessment grading

OBJECTIVE PILOT ASSESSMENT IN ACTION 4 Scorecard 1 Training task 2 Automated system suggested scoring 3 Instructor grading Training manoeuvre scorecard Instructor grading after suggested objective assessment grading 15

OBJECTIVE MEASUREMENT EXAMPLE à LOW VISIBILITY TAKE-OFF VIDEO (Validation video) Launched with in 2018

CONCLUSION Technology, data & analytics can: enable greater instructor focus on non-technical competencies, by taking care of automated, live objective measurements; support EBT and competency-based training solutions; support the evolution of flight training programs by identifying trends; aid instructors / examiners standardization through analysis of grading trends, versus automatic objective assessment; create a de-identified industry database to objectively support flight training on a wide scale; potentially be applied smartly throughout pilots careers, from ab-initio training to air carrier training.

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Aviation Blended Environment and Virtual Reality Andrew Mitchell CEO Use Before Flight

ABLE & Technology today

Aviation Blended Learning Environments (ABLE) Dr Anneke Nabben (main author) RMT.0599 ABLE

Problem (Training task) Solution (Training device)

Problem (Training task) Solution (Training device)

FULL FLIGHT SIM Cost WHITE BOARD & PEN Functionality

FULL FLIGHT SIM Cost WHITE BOARD & PEN What about here?? Functionality

Aviation Blended Learning Environments Training task Training device Characteristics Characteristics

FULL FLIGHT SIM Cost WHITE BOARD & PEN Functionality

Training task: Alta Airport Qualification

Aviation Blended Learning Environments Training task Training device Characteristics Characteristics

Individually Does the task need to be completed individually or cooperatively? As a crew, but can be virtual Synchronous Virtual Crew As a crew, and must be a real crew member

ENVIRONMENTAL COMPLEXITY FACTORS Yes Atmospheric conditions Yes Yes External influences (ATC, company, dispatcher etc) Yes Yes Compounding Threats Yes Yes Operating environment Yes ADAPTIVE LEARNING No Predictive adaptation No N/A CAPABLE PROCESS EXAMPLE No Reactive adaptation No N/A Aircraft type B737 Learning task: Familiarisation with Alta Aspects requiring adaptation Type of Training: Command Airport Circling No Approach Runway 29 Atmospheric conditions No (CAT C airfield) No External influences (ATC, company, dispatcher etc.) No No Compounding threats No No Operating environment No Desired outcome: To gain familiarisation of Alta airport and to apply existing knowledge of circling approaches to Alta airport s specific requirements. No Other (please identify) No Training Task Training Task Characteristic Training SENSORY CHARACTERISTICS Indicate the competencies applicable to this learning task: solution: Primary flight controls APK COM FPA FPM KNO LTW PSD SAW WLM 360-VR A whole task analysis will be performed first. N/A Additionally, if a specific Physically focus realistic area can primary be identified, controls N/A separate limited whole task and or part task analyses may be performed. Artificial Physically simulated primary controls Artificial CREW/COACHING Training Task Training Task Artificial Characteristic Spatially Training correct primary Instructor controls Artificial solution: mitigation Secondary 360-VRflight controls Yes CREW/COACHING N/A Physically realistic secondary controls Synchronous virtual crew N/A Yes Yes Synchronous Artificial virtual crew Physically simulated Yes secondary controls Artificial Instructor mitigation No No Synchronous Artificial real crew Spatially correct No secondary controls Artificial No Asynchronous Synchronous virtual crew MOTION, real No VISUAL & crew SOUND No No Asynchronous Never real crew Feel No motion Never No No Synchronous coaching No Never Perception of motion or changing place or Never Asynchronous virtual position crew No Asynchronous coaching No No Always PILOT PERFORMANCE MONITORING Inside visuals Always No Always Relevant flight path Outside visuals No Always No Always Relevant flight & systems information Realistic sounds No Always No Pilots interaction with aircraft systems No

Demo

Training task: Malfunction Clustering

KNO

APK FPA PSD

COM FPM LTW WLM

Thank you :) Continue the conversation: www.evidencebased.training

OEM Perspective on New Training Methodologies Christian Norden Director A350 XWB Flight Operations & Training Support Airbus

Competency Based Training Role of the Training Devices Capt. Christian Norden IATA Safety and Flight Ops Conference 2018 Montreal, 17-19 April 2018

New Airbus Pilot Training Philosophy Introduced in 2014 on A350 2017 on A320 and A330 Competency-based training: Elements of ICAO - EBT 9 Airbus competencies Focus on the Need to Understand Training More effective, More efficient, More fun! New learning approach based on learning by discovery Hands-on training with Full Flight Simulator at early stage of the course Manual flying reinforcement

AIRBUS S.A.S. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document Role of the Training Devices in Competency Based Training NEW DEVICES PARADIGM SHIFT USE OF DEVICES SCHEDULING AS PART OF TRAINING INNOVATION FUTURE DEVELOPMENT CHALLENGES 49 April 2018 IATA Safety and Flight Ops Conference 2018

AIRBUS S.A.S. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document The Pilot Competencies Application of Procedures - PRO Communication - COM Flight Path Management Automation - AUT Competency Based Training: First Introduced in ICAO in 2000 (MPL) Flight Path Management Manual MAN Leadership and Teamwork LAT Problem Solving and Decision Making- PDM EBT (Doc 9995) in 2013 As od 2020 ICAO will propose Competency Based Training for all Pilot Licences (in Annex 1) Situation Awareness SAW Workload Management - WLM Application of Knowledge* - KNO As of 2020 ICAO will propose a Competency Framework (in Doc 9868 PANS-TRG) 50 April 2018 IATA Safety and Flight Ops Conference 2018 * Application of Knowledge is not an ICAO Competence

AIRBUS S.A.S. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document The Pilot Competencies Traditional Classification PRO COM AUT Technical and Non-Technical Competencies MAN LAT PDM SAW WLM KNO* 51 April 2018 IATA Safety and Flight Ops Conference 2018 * Application of Knowledge is not an ICAO Competence

AIRBUS S.A.S. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document The Pilot Competencies PRO COM AUT Traditional Classification Technical and Non-Technical Competencies MAN LAT PDM SAW WLM KNO* 52 April 2018 IATA Safety and Flight Ops Conference 2018 * Application of Knowledge is not an ICAO Competence

Technical Competencies PRO MAN Non-Technical Competencies COM PDM AIRBUS S.A.S. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document Traditional Classification Technical and Non-Technical Competencies AUT LAT KNO* WLM SAW 53 April 2018 IATA Safety and Flight Ops Conference 2018 * Application of Knowledge is not an ICAO Competence

AIRBUS S.A.S. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document Example of a traditional task based Type Rating Course Ground Phase Handling Phase Classroom/CBT Procedure Trainer FFS SYSTEM KNOWLEDGE PROCEDURES MANOEUVRES SKILL TEST + OPS TRG CBT Classroom Briefings Performance Standard Operating Procedures Enhanced System Knowledge Task Sharing Aircraft Handling LOFT Skill Test Low Visibility Training 15 Days 6 Days 4 Days 54 April 2018 IATA Safety and Flight Ops Conference 2018

AIRBUS S.A.S. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document How competencies are trained in a traditional task based Type Rating Course Ground Phase Handling Phase Classroom/CBT Procedure Trainer FFS SYSTEM KNOWLEDGE PROCEDURES MANOEUVRES SKILL TEST + OPS TRG KNO* KNO* PRO AUT PDM AUT PDM AUT MAN PRO MAN PRO WLM KNO* WLM KNO* COM COM SAW LAT 15 Days 6 Days 4 Days 55 April 2018 IATA Safety and Flight Ops Conference 2018

A new generation of learning tools was developed by AIRBUS ACE (Airbus Cockpit Experience) Trainer È Part Task Trainer (Level C in OSD reference) È Mobile Cockpit Simulator È Used from Day 1 in TR & CTR (familiarisation through virtual cockpit) È Knowledge acquisition on systems, normal & abnormal procedures and Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs). È Optimized integration of theory, practice, and free play simulation for systems practice

Airbus Flight Operations & Training symposium May 2016 ACE (Airbus Cockpit Experience) trainer Ground Phase: Integrated use of System Knowledge Modules and Hands-on Trg applied concurrently Systems Knowledge Modules (SKM) Theoretical course Guided exercises Learning by discovery Practice with ACE Trainer System knowledge acquisition need-to-understand à Theoretical content significantly reduced vs. a conventional CBT Guided hands-on lessons Assisted Procedures lessons & SOPs Limited free-play for session preparation/ briefing/ re-enforcement Page 57

Airbus Flight Operations & Training symposium May 2016 ACE (Airbus Cockpit Experience) trainer Example: ECAM handling Learning by discovery concept From 39 animated slides to 1 interactive tool Page 58

Airbus Flight Operations & Training symposium May 2016 Example: The new Standard A330 Type Rating ENTRY MODULE ADVANCED MODULES Use of ACE Trainer for ground training Use of ACE Trainer for sessions preparation ENTRY - 6 working days ADV A ADV B - 7 working days ADV C - 9 working days SKT KNO* PRO MAN AUT PRO MAN AUT PRO AUT LAT PDM WLM LAT PDM WLM SAW KNO* COM SAW KNO* COM 8 Days 16 Days Page 59

Airbus Flight Operations & Training symposium May 2016 Example: The new Standard A330 Type Rating ENTRY MODULE ADVANCED MODULES ENTRY - 6 working days ADV A ADV B - 7 working days ADV C - 9 working days SKT KNO* PRO AUT PDM COM AUT PDM COM AUT MAN PRO SAW MAN PRO SAW WLM KNO* LAT WLM KNO* LAT 8 Days 16 Days Page 60

Airbus Flight Operations & Training symposium Comparison between task-based and competency-based Type rating Course May 2016 Page 61

Airbus Flight Operations & Training symposium Training by Airbus Advantages of the new Type Rating philosophy May 2016 Efficient learning process Better competence acquisition Hands on active learning from day one in a cockpit environment Less remedial training, less failed skill tests Comprehensive addressing of competencies from Day 1 Technical and Non-technical skills trained Significant time saving on higher level devices Continuous skills reinforcement ACE/APT+: Systems and procedures knowledge acquisition during Entry Module Freeing space for use in FFS for manual flying and operational scenarios Shorter Course (1 day) better training Trainees can act freely and use the ACE tool as much as necessary to further develop skills on their own With ACE; training even after skill test Page Page 62 62

Airbus Training Flight by Airbus Operations & Training symposium May 2016 Role of the Training Devices in Competency Based Training Training overall competencies (not just specific tasks) increases output quality Using innovative training devices from the beginning may reduce training time Scheduling training devices according learner needs (and not by functional blocks) significantly increases training quality (but also scheduling complexity) Developing training devices for the future (e.g. artificial 3D environment): keep the trainee competence needs in focus (and not the fascination of technology and animation alone) Page 63

AIRBUS S.A.S. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document Thank you

Panelists Rethinking the Way We Train Our Pilots ä Patrick Magisson, Executive Vice President, Safety and Technical Affairs, IFALPA ä Miguel Marin, Chief, Operational Safety, ICAO ä Mike McCasky, Managing Director, Flight Training, United Airlines ä Stephan Thilo-Schmidt, Head of Recruiting and Training Standards, Deputy Postholder, Lufthansa Moderator ä Yann Renier, Head, Training and Qualification, Flight Operations, IATA

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