INTER-AMERICAN DRUG ABUSE CONTROL COMMISSION C I C A D Secretariat for Multidimensional Security FIFTY-EIGHTH REGULAR SESSION November 11-13, 2015 Trujillo, Perú OEA/Ser.L/XIV.2.58 CICAD/doc.2113/15 12 November 2015 Original: Español INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION IN COLOMBIA: CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES IN THE AREA OF DRUGS
International Cooperation in Colombia: Challenges and Opportunities in the Area of Drugs 58th period of sessions of the Inter-American Drug Abuse Control Commission (CICAD) Lima, November 13, 2015
Contents 1. How has drugs cooperation developed historically in Colombia? 2. What is the drugs policy in Colombia today? 3. Challenges and opportunities for Colombia
Contents 1. How has drugs cooperation developed historically in Colombia? 2. What is the drugs policy in Colombia today? 3. Challenges and opportunities for Colombia
Agreements signed by Colombia according to their focus on supply reduction or demand reduction (1961-2014) 3% Chiefly supply Diversos reduction: objetivos: 38 Reducción Demand reduction: de la 1 demanda de drogas: 1 97% Source: Treaty Library, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, 2014
Source: Database produced by Ideas for Peace Foundation, May-June 2014 Breakdown of treaties by antidrug strategies Control de of cultivos crops Desarrollo Alternative alternativo development 6% 4% 2% 10% 6% 20% Control de of percusores chemical quimicos precursors Control del of tráfico trafficking o interdiccion or interdictions Confiscacion Confiscation de of bienes traffickers de narcootraficantes assets Control de of lavados money de laundering activos Intercambio Exchanges de of inteligencia police intelligence policial Supply reduction 6% 3% 21% Intercambio Exchanges de of inteligencia financial intelligence financiera Asistencia Legal assistance judicial 15% 7% Asistencia Military and militar police y policial assistance Reduccion Reduction del of consumo consumption y tratamiento and medico a activos medical treatment
Drug control and supply reduction agreements signed by Colombia from 1961 to date (by country) Estados Unidos (43) 16% Venezuela (6) 41% ONU, Brasil (4) 21% Perú, Ecuador, Guatemala (3 c/u) 8% 8% 6% Panamá, Costa Rica, El Salvador, México, Argentina, Chile, Repulica Dominicana, Comunidad Europea, Alemania, Italia, Rusia. (2 c/u) PNUFID, CAN, Argentina, Brasil, Bolivia, Perú, Chile, Paraguay, Uruguay, Venezuela, Ecuador, Surinam, Guyana, Bolivia, Paraguay, Uruguay, Nicaraguay, Honduras, Cuba, Jamaica, España, Portugal, Francia, Gran Bretaña, China República Popular. (1 c/u) Source: Treaty Library, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, 2014
Drug control and supply reduction agreements signed by Colombia from 1961 to date (by agreement type) Financiera y tecnica 15% Cooperacion Tecnica 35% Cooperacion financiera (todos con E.E.U.U.) 50% Financial cooperation (all with U.S.)
Main donors for drug demand reduction (1998 to 2014) TOTAL Onusida Reino Unido Children International Caritas Alemania Open Society Foundations PNUD Castilla de la Mancha - España Ayuntamiento de Madrid España Suecia EEUU Unión Europea $18,000 $37,560 $84,408 $91,304 $124,913 $170,000 $207,570 $269,783 $403,228 $4,542,376 $4,562,508 $9,222,508 $19,734,158 * In terms of demand reduction, the United States could be considered Colombia's main direct donor, and the European Union the main promoter of regional initiatives, channeled through the Andean Community of Nations (CAN).
Source: Database produced by Ideas for Peace Foundation, May-June 2014 Main donors for drug control and supply reduction (1998 to 2014) Finlandia CAF Inglaterra Francia Tailandia Bélgica Italia Japon ONU-PNUD Suecia Canadá España ONU-FAO Alemania Paises Bajos ONU-UNODC Unión Europea Estados Unidos $86,814 $105,680 $251,564 $359,481 $405,900 $471,342 $500,000 $1,475,669 $3,308,858 $5,002,400 $5,492,060 $9,349,715 $9,726,886 $14,323,050 6 $39,327,709 $40,083,860 $167,081,980 5 13 15 20 Aporte US$ No. De proyectos o programas $7,478,325,503
Changes in flows of technical and financial cooperation on drugs (2000 to 2012) 10 9 8 7 6 Cooperación financiera 5 4 Cooperación técnica 3 2 1 0 2000 2004 2008 2012
Contributions of U.S. cooperation to Colombia (1998 to 2014) by assistance type Supply reduction 27% Ayuda militar y policial Ayuda humanitaria y para el desarrollo 73%
Historic behavior of U.S. cooperation to Colombia (1998 to 2014) 900,000,000 800,000,000 700,000,000 600,000,000 500,000,000 Ayuda militar y policial 400,000,000 300,000,000 Ayuda humanitariay para el desarrollo 200,000,000 100,000,000 0 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 Source: Military and Police Aid Programs; Humanitarian and Development Aid Programs. Security Assistance Monitor
Deficit in investment in topics related to demand reduction. Excessive intervention in national security and citizen security issues. Insufficient alignment between development assistance and the priorities and procedures of the recipient countries (Paris Declaration).
Contents 1. How has drugs cooperation developed historically in Colombia? 2. What is the drugs policy in Colombia today? 3. Challenges and opportunities for Colombia
New approaches in Colombian drugs policy Pillars Objectives Drugs policy today 01 02 Human rights: Humans, not drugs, are at the center of drug policies Human development 01 02 Transformation of territories affected by illicit crops Reduction of crime related to drug trafficking More humane and efficient drug policies 03 Public health approach 04 Generation of evidence 03 Attention to drug consumption
Contents 1. How has drugs cooperation developed historically in Colombia? 2. What is the current situation with that cooperation? 3. Challenges and opportunities for Colombia
2008 global economic crisis. Challenges for Colombia LatAm: Good economic performance. Middle-income country in 2003. Middle-tohigh-income country in 2010. Simultaneously providing and receiving. Regional participation in official development assistance (ODA) disbursements - Source: ECLAC, based on information from OCD
Challenges for Drugs Policy Separating drugs from foreign policy. Positive agenda. New priorities for relations. Dependence on official development assistance and neglect of other kinds of cooperation. Balance supply and demand in drugs policy. Colombia's expertise in several topics related to drug trafficking is not totally systematized or modeled for promoting south-south cooperation.
Opportunities for Colombia Peace negotiations. Gender, human rights, and environmental sustainability. Strengthen relations with the United States in new areas.
Opportunities Consolidate the portfolio of south-south cooperation offered. Diversify the sources from which cooperation is sought. Rigorously explore decentralized and private sources, south-south and triangular cooperation, and corporate social responsibility processes.
Opportunities Continue managing ODA through ECLAC's structural disparities approach (segmented vision of the territory). Segment the country by levels of development. This argument serves to justify the need for intervention in some areas of the country, which coincide with those that have drugrelated problems.
Carlos Medina Vice Minister for Criminal Policy and Restorative Justice Ministry of Justice and Law of Colombia