Communicating the museum Los Angeles Building Bridges Miguel Fernández Félix

Communicating the museum Los Angeles 2017 Building Bridges Miguel Fernández Félix

Prehispanic Collecting XV XVI th Century 1790 1825 1911 1920s 1935 1947 1960s 1980 2017 Amoxcalli and Moctezuma s Botanical Gardens

Mexico City XVIth Century map by Nuremberg.

The Totolcalli (house of animals) was Moctezuma s personal zoo garden.

Colonial Period XV XVI th Century 1790 1825 1911 1920s 1935 1947 1960s 1980 2017 Amoxcalli and Moctezuma s Botanical Gardens Natural History Cabinet

Carlos de Sigüenza y Góngora (1645-1700). His collection of indigenous paintings, codex and texts was recovered by the Italian historian Lorenzo Boturini.

Lorenzo Boturini s collection of documents on prehispanic and colonial Mexico would become an important part of the Indian Historical Museum (Spain).

The Natural History Cabinet became the first museistic place in Mexico

August 1790

December 1790

XIX th Century: Dreaming about a nation XV XVI th Century 1790 1825 1911 1920s 1935 1947 1960s 1980 2017 Amoxcalli and Moctezuma s Botanical Gardens Natural History Cabinet Mexican National Museum

Guadalupe Victoria, first president of Mexico, creates the first mexican museum: the Mexican National Museum.

XX th Century: Memory and Post-revolutionary Identity XV XVI th Century 1790 1825 1911 1920s 1935 1947 1960s 1980 2017 Amoxcalli and Moctezuma s Botanical Gardens Natural History Cabinet Mexican National Museum Teotihuacan

Teotihuacan First archeological museum

XX th Century: Memory and Post-revolutionary Identity XV XVI th Century 1790 1825 1911 1920s 1935 1947 1960s 1980 2017 Amoxcalli and Moctezuma s Botanical Gardens Natural History Cabinet Mexican National Museum Teotihuacan Muralism

In the 1920s art became mostly an identitary and pedagogical strategy.

Epic of American Civilization José Clemente Orozco Dartmouth College

Detroit Industry Murals Diego Rivera Detroit Industry of Arts

XX th Century: Memory and Post-revolutionary Identity XV XVI th Century 1790 1825 1911 1920s 1935 1947 1960s 1980 2017 Amoxcalli and Moctezuma s Botanical Gardens Natural History Cabinet Mexican National Museum Teotihuacan Muralism National Institute of Anthropology and History

National Institute of Anthropology and History

National Institute of Anthropology and History 1939

National Institute of Anthropology and History 1939

XX th Century: Memory and Post-revolutionary Identity XV XVI th Century 1790 1825 1911 1920s 1935 1947 1960s 1980 2017 Amoxcalli and Moctezuma s Botanical Gardens Natural History Cabinet Mexican National Museum Teotihuacan Muralism National Institute of Anthropology and History Fine Arts National Institute

National Institute of Fine Arts

National Institute of Fine Arts 1947

National Institute of Fine Arts 1947

XX th Century: Memory and Post-revolutionary Identity XV XVI th Century 1790 1825 1911 1920s 1935 1947 1960s 1980 2017 Amoxcalli and Moctezuma s Botanical Gardens Natural History Cabinet Mexican National Museum Teotihuacan Muralism National Institute of Anthropology and History Fine Arts National Institute Museum Proliferation

1960 Relocation of the Anthropology National Museum

Modern Art Museum

1964 National Museum of Viceroyalty

XXI st Century: Memory and Post-revolutionary Identity XV XVI th Century 1790 1825 1911 1920s 1935 1947 1960s 1980 2017 Amoxcalli and Moctezuma s Botanical Gardens Natural History Cabinet Mexican National Museum Teotihuacan Muralism National Institute of Anthropology and History Fine Arts National Institute Museum Proliferation New Visions New Museums

1981 Tamayo Museum CDMX Teodoro González de León and A. Zabludovsky

1991 MARCO Contemporary Art Museum Monterrey Ricardo Legorreta

2008 MUAC Contemporary Art University Museum CDMX T. González de León

2008 MUAC Contemporary Art University Museum Designed by the mexican architect Teodoro González de León

2008 MUAC Contemporary Art University Museum Designed by the mexican architect Teodoro González de León 2010 Amparo Museum Puebla Architectural upgrade by Enrique Norten

2011 Soumaya Museum CDMX Fernando Romero

2013 Museo Jumex CDMX David Chipperfield

2016 International Museum of the Baroque Puebla Toyo Ito

Museums in Mexico Spread around the country (2017) INAH INBA University Museums Private Museums State Museums Community Museums Others Total Anthropology and History 80 0 0 0 0 198 0 260 Archaeology 36 0 0 5 0 0 0 41 Fine Arts 0 20 30 150 60 0 0 260 Applied Arts 0 0 0 5 15 15 0 35 Popular Arts 6 6 0 0 10 10 0 32 Natural History 0 0 20 0 20 0 0 40 Science and Tech 0 0 35 6 35 5 0 81 Industry 0 0 02 11 2 2 0 17 Others 0 0 0 0 20 0 471 496 Total 122 20 85 177 162 230 471 1262

Anthropology and History National Institute 122 INAH INBA University Museums Private Museums State Museums Community Museums Others Total Anthropology and History 80 0 0 0 0 198 0 260 Archaeology 36 0 0 5 0 0 0 41 Fine Arts 0 20 30 150 60 0 0 260 Applied Arts 0 0 0 5 15 15 0 35 Popular Arts 6 6 0 0 10 10 0 32 Natural History 0 0 20 0 20 0 0 40 Science and Tech 0 0 35 6 35 5 0 81 Industry 0 0 02 11 2 2 0 17 Others 0 0 0 0 20 0 471 496 Total 122 20 85 177 162 230 471 1262

Fine Arts National Institute 20 INAH INBA University Museums Private Museums State Museums Community Museums Others Total Anthropology and History 80 0 0 0 0 198 0 260 Archaeology 36 0 0 5 0 0 0 41 Fine Arts 0 20 30 150 60 0 0 260 Applied Arts 0 0 0 5 15 15 0 35 Popular Arts 6 6 0 0 10 10 0 32 Natural History 0 0 20 0 20 0 0 40 Science and Tech 0 0 35 6 35 5 0 81 Industry 0 0 02 11 2 2 0 17 Others 0 0 0 0 20 0 471 496 Total 122 20 85 177 162 230 471 1262

Most important museums networks are: 23 Million visitors 2 Million visitors

University Museums 85 INAH INBA University Museums Private Museums State Museums Community Museums Others Total Anthropology and History 80 0 0 0 0 198 0 260 Archaeology 36 0 0 5 0 0 0 41 Fine Arts 0 20 30 150 60 0 0 260 Applied Arts 0 0 0 5 15 15 0 35 Popular Arts 6 6 0 0 10 10 0 32 Natural History 0 0 20 0 20 0 0 40 Science and Tech 0 0 35 6 35 5 0 81 Industry 0 0 02 11 2 2 0 17 Others 0 0 0 0 20 0 471 496 Total 122 20 85 177 162 230 471 1262

Private Museums 177 INAH INBA University Museums Private Museums State Museums Community Museums Others Total Anthropology and History 80 0 0 0 0 198 0 260 Archaeology 36 0 0 5 0 0 0 41 Fine Arts 0 20 30 150 60 0 0 260 Applied Arts 0 0 0 5 15 15 0 35 Popular Arts 6 6 0 0 10 10 0 32 Natural History 0 0 20 0 20 0 0 40 Science and Tech 0 0 35 6 35 5 0 81 Industry 0 0 02 11 2 2 0 17 Others 0 0 0 0 20 0 471 496 Total 122 20 85 177 162 230 471 1262

State Museums 162 INAH INBA University Museums Private Museums State Museums Community Museums Others Total Anthropology and History 80 0 0 0 0 198 0 260 Archaeology 36 0 0 5 0 0 0 41 Fine Arts 0 20 30 150 60 0 0 260 Applied Arts 0 0 0 5 15 15 0 35 Popular Arts 6 6 0 0 10 10 0 32 Natural History 0 0 20 0 20 0 0 40 Science and Tech 0 0 35 6 35 5 0 81 Industry 0 0 02 11 2 2 0 17 Others 0 0 0 0 20 0 471 496 Total 122 20 85 177 162 230 471 1262

Community Museums 230 INAH INBA University Museums Private Museums State Museums Community Museums Others Total Anthropology and History 80 0 0 0 0 198 0 260 Archaeology 36 0 0 5 0 0 0 41 Fine Arts 0 20 30 150 60 0 0 260 Applied Arts 0 0 0 5 15 15 0 35 Popular Arts 6 6 0 0 10 10 0 32 Natural History 0 0 20 0 20 0 0 40 Science and Tech 0 0 35 6 35 5 0 81 Industry 0 0 02 11 2 2 0 17 Others 0 0 0 0 20 0 471 496 Total 122 20 85 177 162 230 471 1262

Others 471 INAH INBA University Museums Private Museums State Museums Community Museums Others Total Anthropology and History 80 0 0 0 0 198 0 260 Archaeology 36 0 0 5 0 0 0 41 Fine Arts 0 20 30 150 60 0 0 260 Applied Arts 0 0 0 5 15 15 0 35 Popular Arts 6 6 0 0 10 10 0 32 Natural History 0 0 20 0 20 0 0 40 Science and Tech 0 0 35 6 35 5 0 81 Industry 0 0 02 11 2 2 0 17 Others 0 0 0 0 20 0 471 496 Total 122 20 85 177 162 230 471 1262

TOTAL 1262 INAH INBA University Museums Private Museums State Museums Community Museums Others Total Anthropology and History 80 0 0 0 0 198 0 260 Archaeology 36 0 0 5 0 0 0 41 Fine Arts 0 20 30 150 60 0 0 260 Applied Arts 0 0 0 5 15 15 0 35 Popular Arts 6 6 0 0 10 10 0 32 Natural History 0 0 20 0 20 0 0 40 Science and Tech 0 0 35 6 35 5 0 81 Industry 0 0 02 11 2 2 0 17 Others 0 0 0 0 20 0 471 496 Total 122 20 85 177 162 230 471 1262

Visitors 45 50 MILLION ANNUAL VISITORS

CHALLENGES OF MEXICAN MUSEUMS ASPIRATIONS

CHALLENGES OF MEXICAN MUSEUMS ASPIRATIONS 1. AUTONOMY Independence

CHALLENGES OF MEXICAN MUSEUMS ASPIRATIONS 2. RESPONSABILITY 1. AUTONOMY Political / Administrative / Financial Independence

CHALLENGES OF MEXICAN MUSEUMS 3. DECENTRALIZATION Less bureaucracy ASPIRATIONS 2. RESPONSABILITY 1. AUTONOMY Political / Administrative / Financial Independence

CHALLENGES OF MEXICAN MUSEUMS 3. DECENTRALIZATION 4. COMMUNICATION Less bureaucracy Transparency ASPIRATIONS 2. RESPONSABILITY 1. AUTONOMY Political / Administrative / Financial Independence

Museo del Palacio de Bellas Artes A brief history 1904 1934 Building the Palacio de Bellas Artes

Museo del Palacio de Bellas Artes A brief history 1904 1934 1935 1947 Building the Palacio de Bellas Artes The first museum of art in Mexico

Museo del Palacio de Bellas Artes A brief history 1904 1934 1935 1947 1948 1958 Building the Palacio de Bellas Artes The first museum of art in Mexico Museo Nacional de Artes Plásticas

Museo del Palacio de Bellas Artes A brief history 1904 1934 1935 1947 1948 1958 1959 1968 Building the Palacio de Bellas Artes The first museum of art in Mexico Museo Nacional de Artes Plásticas Museo Nacional de Arte Moderno

Museo del Palacio de Bellas Artes A brief history 1904 1934 1935 1947 1948 1958 1959 1968 1968 2016 Building the Palacio de Bellas Artes The first museum of art in Mexico Museo Nacional de Artes Plásticas Museo Nacional de Arte Moderno Museo del Palacio de Bellas Artes

The Museum and its heritage 17 murals 7 artists

Diego Rivera Man Controller of the Universe 1934

José Clemente Orozco Katharsis 1934

David Alfaro Siqueiros The New Democracy 1944

Information and Evaluation System Managing plurality within the museum and society: IES: Information and Evaluation System

Information and Evaluation System Managing plurality within the museum and society: IES: Information and Evaluation System CHALLENGES OF MEXICAN MUSEUMS

Information and Evaluation System Managing plurality within the museum and society: IES: Information and Evaluation System CHALLENGES OF MEXICAN MUSEUMS IES

Information and Evaluation System Managing plurality within the museum and society: IES: Information and Evaluation System 3. DECENTRALIZATION 4. COMMUNICATION ASPIRATIONS IES 2. RESPONSABILITY 1. AUTONOMY

Information and Evaluation System Managing plurality within the museum and society: IES: Information and Evaluation System 3. DECENTRALIZATION 4. COMMUNICATION 3. DECENTRALIZATION 4. COMMUNICATION ASPIRATIONS IES 2. RESPONSABILITY 1. AUTONOMY 2. RESPONSABILITY 1. AUTONOMY

Information and Evaluation System Managing plurality within the museum and society: IES: Information and Evaluation System Less Bureaucracy Transparency 3. DECENTRALIZATION 4. COMMUNICATION 3. DECENTRALIZATION 4. COMMUNICATION ASPIRATIONS INSPIRATION IES 2. RESPONSABILITY 1. AUTONOMY 2. RESPONSABILITY 1. AUTONOMY Political / Administrative / Financial Independence

Information and Evaluation System Managing plurality within the museum and society: IES: Information and Evaluation System Less bureaucracy Transparency 3. DECENTRALIZATION 4. COMMUNICATION INSPIRATION IES 2. RESPONSABILITY 1. AUTONOMY Political / Administrative / Financial Independence

Information and Evaluation System Managing plurality within the museum and society: IES: Information and Evaluation System Less bureaucracy Transparency 3. DECENTRALIZATION 4. COMMUNICATION INSPIRATION IES 2. RESPONSABILITY 1. AUTONOMY Political / Administrative / Financial Independence Department performance becomes more efficient

Information and Evaluation System Managing plurality within the museum and society: IES: Information and Evaluation System Less bureaucracy Transparency 3. DECENTRALIZATION 4. COMMUNICATION INSPIRATION IES 2. RESPONSABILITY 1. AUTONOMY Departments are accountable Political / Administrative / Financial Independence Department performance becomes more efficient

Information and Evaluation System Managing plurality within the museum and society: IES: Information and Evaluation System Horizontal responsibilities within departments Less bureaucracy Transparency 3. DECENTRALIZATION 4. COMMUNICATION INSPIRATION IES 2. RESPONSABILITY 1. AUTONOMY Departments are accountable Political / Administrative / Financial Independence Department performance becomes more efficient

Information and Evaluation System Managing plurality within the museum and society: IES: Information and Evaluation System Horizontal responsibilities within departments Less bureaucracy Transparency Departments are connected at all times 3. DECENTRALIZATION 4. COMMUNICATION INSPIRATION IES 2. RESPONSABILITY 1. AUTONOMY Departments are accountable Political / Administrative / Financial Independence Department performance becomes more efficient

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