Russian Federation Tourism in the economy In 2014 Russia recorded 32.4 million international arrivals. This is 5% more international visitors than in 2013. The total number of people visiting Russia for leisure related tourism purposes decreased by 3%, but visits for business purposes increased by 8%. At the same time, there was a significant decrease in outbound tourism from Russia in 2014, falling by 15.1% on the previous year. Tourism directly employed 500 900 people working in hotel, travel agency and reservation services in 2014. The total contribution of travel and tourism to GDP in 2014 was estimated to be RUB 4 357 billion, approximately 6% of total GDP. The sector is estimated to directly and indirectly support 3.9 million jobs (5.6% of total employment), with tourism exports estimated to be worth RUB 735.4 billion (3.5% of total exports) and investment to be RUB 369 billion (2.7% of total investment) (WTTC). Russia s Federal State Statistics Service (Rosstat) and Federal Agency for Tourism (Rustourism) are working towards the production of a Tourism Satellite Account for Russia. The activities classified as tourism were approved by the Ministry of Culture in 2014 and will be used in pilot calculations on the contribution of tourism to the economy. Tourism governance and funding Responsibility for tourism rests with the Ministry of Culture, which covers laws and regulations and general policy. Operational activity is the responsibility of the Federal Agency for Tourism (Rustourism), which is an agency of the Ministry. Rustourism performs a range of functions including global and domestic marketing, education and training, data analysis, business support and various management and supervisory activities. A regional approach to tourism is crucial in the Russian Federation due to its vast size and the abundant natural, social and economic disparities within its territory. Most regional administrations have local ministries, agencies, committees and departments with responsibilities for tourism affairs. The federal governing bodies the Ministry and the Federal Agency for Tourism co-ordinate and co-operate with the regional tourism authorities in the planning, administration and promotion of tourism. In 2014, the budget of the Federal Agency for Tourism allocated RUB 4 637 million to the implementation of the Federal Target Programme Development of Domestic Tourism in the Russian Federation 2011-18. Tourism policies and programmes The main challenge facing tourism in Russia is to improve the quality and competitiveness of the tourism product in domestic and global markets. 375
Russian Federation: Organisational chart of tourism bodies Ministry of Culture Federal level Federal Agency for Tourism Regional level Regional Ministries Regional Agencies Regional Departments Regional Committees Source: OECD, adapted from the Ministry of Culture, 2016. This challenge is recognised in the Federal Target Programme Development of Domestic and Inbound Tourism in the Russian Federation 2011-18 which identifies three key tasks: the development of tourism and recreation products, improvement of the quality of services and promotion of tourism products in international and domestic markets. More specific objectives and actions are contained in the State Programme of the Russian Federation Development of Culture and Tourism 2013-20. Falling under the Ministry of Culture, the overall objective of this programme is to realise the potential of Russian culture as the spiritual and moral base for individuals and society and the development of tourism. The following key tasks are identified: Preservation of cultural and historical heritage, access of citizens to cultural values, participation in cultural life and realisation of the creative potential of the nation, Improving the quality and availability of services in the field of domestic and international tourism, Creation of favourable conditions for sustainable development of culture and tourism. Priorities for action by the Federal Agency for Tourism include: Establishing priority destinations for tourism development, including: Crimea, Sochi, Northern Caucasus, the Arctic, Lake Baikal, the Altai region, the Volga region and the Far East, Improving vocational training, including improving the quality of teaching and learning materials, Improving the formulation of tourism offers in line with consumer interests, and improving communication techniques, Improving the identification of target markets, Addressing price competitiveness, which requires interdepartmental co-operation, Creating an integrated system for ensuring the security of tourists. The new tourism marketing strategy for the Russian Federation has involved: opening National tourist offices (NTO) abroad and flagship tourist information (TIO) offices in transport hubs, notably Moscow, St Petersburg and Sochi airports; an inter-regional co-branded advertising campaign under the single brand identity Time to rest in Russia ; 376
creating audio tours for certain regions; developing and promoting a national events programme and calendar; piloting a virtual tourist information office in Sochi; and creating a multi-lingual national tourism portal. Statistical profile Table 1. Russian Federation: Domestic, inbound and outbound tourism 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 TOURISM FLOWS, THOUSAND Domestic tourism Total domestic trips.......... Overnight visitors (tourists) 60 425 67 560 73 492.... Nights in all types of accommodation.......... Hotels and similar establishments.......... Specialised establishments.......... Other collective establishments.......... Private accommodation.......... Inbound tourism Total international arrivals 22 272 24 920 28 168 30 792 32 421 Overnight visitors (tourists).......... Top markets China 747 844 977 1 072 1 125 Germany 611 629 672 687 635 United States 262 275 287 306 257 United Kingdom 213 221 232 260 228 Italy 198 207 212 226 220 Nights in all types of accommodation.......... Hotels and similar establishments.......... Specialised establishments.......... Other collective establishments.......... Private accommodation.......... Outbound tourism Total international departures.......... Overnight visitors (tourists) 39 304 43 707 47 806 54 069 45 882 Top destinations TOURISM RECEIPTS AND EXPENDITURE, MILLION USD Inbound tourism Total international receipts 13 240 16 960 17 875 20 199 19 451 International travel receipts 8 830 11 328 10 759 11 988 11 759 International passenger transport receipts 4 409 5 633 7 117 8 210 7 692 Outbound tourism Total international expenditure 30 169 37 343 48 096 59 503 55 383 International travel expenditure 26 693 32 902 42 798 53 453 50 428 International passenger transport expenditure 3 476 4 441 5 298 6 051 4 955.. Not available Disclaimer: http://oe.cd/disclaimer Source: OECD Tourism Statistics (Database). 1 2 http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/888933321123 377
.. Not available Disclaimer: http://oe.cd/disclaimer 1. Data refer to number of enterprises. 2. Data refer to number of employees. Table 2. Russian Federation: Enterprises and employment in tourism Number of establishments 1 Number of persons employed 2 2014 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 Total Tourism industries 103 571 503 143 499 189 491 802 478 516 500 900 Accommodation services for visitors 15 590 454 831 451 737 443 140 428 372.. Hotels and similar establishments 10 714 143 066 150 515 153 650 154 711 166 100 Food and beverage serving industry 76 367.......... Passenger transport Air passenger transport Railways passenger transport Road passenger transport Water passenger transport Passenger transport supporting services Transport equipment rental Travel agencies and other reservation services industry 11 614 48 312 47 452 48 662 50 144 45 500 Cultural industry Sports and recreation industry Retail trade of country-specific tourism characteristic goods Other country-specific tourism industries Other industries Source: OECD Tourism Statistics (Database). 1 2 http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/888933321130 378
From: OECD Tourism Trends and Policies 2016 Access the complete publication at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/tour-2016-en Please cite this chapter as: OECD (2016), Russian Federation, in OECD Tourism Trends and Policies 2016, OECD Publishing, Paris. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/tour-2016-56-en This work is published under the responsibility of the Secretary-General of the OECD. The opinions expressed and arguments employed herein do not necessarily reflect the official views of OECD member countries. This document and any map included herein are without prejudice to the status of or sovereignty over any territory, to the delimitation of international frontiers and boundaries and to the name of any territory, city or area. You can copy, download or print OECD content for your own use, and you can include excerpts from OECD publications, databases and multimedia products in your own documents, presentations, blogs, websites and teaching materials, provided that suitable acknowledgment of OECD as source and copyright owner is given. All requests for public or commercial use and translation rights should be submitted to rights@oecd.org. Requests for permission to photocopy portions of this material for public or commercial use shall be addressed directly to the Copyright Clearance Center (CCC) at info@copyright.com or the Centre français d exploitation du droit de copie (CFC) at contact@cfcopies.com.