Home to mangroves- trees that can grow in saltwater Mangroves provide housing for fish Greater Sundas home to endangered birds and other animals Climate in ecosystem varies-lots of biodiversity
Sumatra Java Borneo Sulawesi
Saltwater crocodile False gharial Crab eating macaque Common Redshank Stork billed kingfisher Spotted billed pelican Irrawaddy dolphin shrimp fish Annato Sugar apple Bankong
Species Identification (contd.). (n.d.). Retrieved September 11, 2015, from http://www.fao.org/docrep/005/ac775e/ac775e03.htm Mangroves. (n.d.). Retrieved August 27, 2015, from http://floridakeys.noaa.gov/plants/mangroves.html Greater Sundas Mangroves. (n.d.). Retrieved August 27, 2015, from http://wwf.panda.org/about_our_earth/ecoregions/greater _sundas_mangroves.cfm Sunda Shelf mangroves. (n.d.). Retrieved August 27, 2015, from http://www.eoearth.org/view/article/156334/
Greater Sundas Islands Sumatra Java Borneo Sulawesi Characteristics Diverse creatures Hot, muddy, salty conditions Able to survive in extreme conditions Dense intertwining roots Roots are covered with creatures Filtration systems to keep out salt
Mangroves Cut Down For: Agricultural land Settlements Harbors Industrial areas Aquaculture What Happens Loss of mangroves Less living space for the mangrove community Not enough food for organisms Humans will have less resources
Main Causes Erosion and land subsidence Tourism Settlement Industrial settings
Government acts Maximize use of recycled material Set example for other companies Educate friends and family
Aquaculture Over fishing causes ecological imbalance Shrimp farms take up land Pollution Pesticides and fertilizers harm wildlife Oil pollution goes through roots and suffocates trees Overharvesting Irresponsible harvesting dangers tree population Threatens forests if unsustainable
Mangrove forests: Threats. (n.d.). Retrieved September 16, 2015. Mangroves. (n.d.). Retrieved September 16, 2015. Mangrove Alternatives. (n.d.). Retrieved September 16, 2015. Solutions to Deforestation. (n.d.). Retrieved September 16, 2015.
Endangered species- Hairy Nosed Otter Common name- Hair Nosed Otter Scientific name- Lutra Sumatrana Description- Around 3ft. long Dark brown fur Some have white/beige around the neck Five fingers/claws One of the rarest otter species
Hairy nosed otters help keep fish populations at healthy levels in lakes and rivers The hairy nosed otter is a tertiary consumer They eat mainly fish, crabs, frogs, and snakes Poachers may use domestic dog to hunt them, but most large animals that threaten the otters have been removed from specific areas to protect the otters due to low poulation
People hunt these otters for there fur and meat Its wetland habitat has been reduced due to human development
The population is quite small and unknown in most areas, but U Minha National Park is thought to have around 50-230 individuals. They re known to live an average of 10-15 years Its breeding period is known to be from November-February They breed once a year and live to be 10-15 so there population should be large but is quite small do to poaching
Hairy nosed otters are protected by laws and because CITES has listed them as Appendix II they are monitored internationally in trade
The Royal Natural History: Mammals (Book) Wikipedia http://www.dailymail.co.uk/sciencetech/article- 1297669/Caught-camera-Photo-extinct-hairy-nosedotter-Borneo-jungle.html http://www.iucnredlist.org/details/12421/0 http://www.arkive.org/hairy-nosed-otter/lutrasumatrana/ http://www.otterjoy.com/otterinfo/lutra/sumatrana/su matrana_breeding.html http://seaworld.org/en/animal-info/animalinfobooks/otters/birth-and-care-of-young/
Description: Long tails Grey brown-yellow white Eats fruit, nuts, insects, seeds, bird eggs, crustaceans 7-20 lbs Habitat: rainforests, lowland forests Highly adaptable
Macaque is usually a secondary consumer Feeds on birds, crustaceans, insects Prey of tigers, panthers, large reptiles
Crab eating macaque eats the chicks & eggs of endangered birds Compete with native species over fruit Interfere with native plants seed distribution Greater Sundas are home to endangered bird species
Native to Southeast Asia and parts of Indonesia (Sumatra, Borneo, Java, etc.) Invaded other parts of Indonesia Macaques introduced as pets and emigrated on their own
Areas in Asia have bird sanctuaries Debated using drugs that prevent infertility to control populations Some are trapped and exported or researched
Sources: Crab-eating macaque. (n.d.). Retrieved August 27, 2015, from http://www.waza.org/en/zoo/visit-the-zoo/primates- 1254385523/monkeys-1254385523/macaca-fascicularis Crab-Eating Macaque. (n.d.). Retrieved August 27, 2015, from http://a-z-animals.com/animals/crab-eating-macaque/ Ecology of Macaca fascicularis. (n.d.). Retrieved September 9, 2015, from http://www.issg.org/database/species/ecology.asp?si=139 &fr=1&sts=&lang=en Greater Sundas Mangroves. (n.d.). Retrieved August 27, 2015, from http://wwf.panda.org/about_our_earth/ecoregions/greater _sundas_mangroves.cfm